Oleh:
SANU DWI ORLIMAO
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
MALANG
2017
KORELASI PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL
BEBERAPA CALON VARIETAS JAGUNG (Zea mays)
PADA LAHAN MASAM
DI NUNUKAN KALIMANTAN UTARA
Oleh:
SANU DWI ORLIMAO
135040200111021
SKRIPSI
Penulis
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN
Disetujui,
Dr. Noer Rahmi Ardiarini, SP.,MSi Ir. Arifin Noor Sugiharto, M.Sc., Ph.D
NIP. 197011181997022001 NIP. 196204171987011002
Diketahui,
Tanggal Persetujuan :
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Mengesahkan,
MAJELIS PENGUJI
PENGUJI I PENGUJI II
Dr. Noer Rahmi Ardiarini, SP., MSi. Ir. Arifin Noor Sugiharto. M.Sc., Ph.D.
NIP. 19701118 199702 2 001 NIP. 19620417 198701 1 002
PENGUJI III
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tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol, jumlah daun, bobot kering, LAB dan luas daun,
sedangkan dengan karakter pertumbuhan lain seperti: umur tasseling, umur silking,
dan umur panen, potens hasil memiliki korelasi yang bersifat negatif.
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SUMMARY
Sanu Dwi Orlimao. 135040200111021. Growth and Yield of Some Maize (Zea
mays) Varieties Candidates on Acid Land in Nunukan, North Borneo. Under
guidance of Dr. Noer Rahmi Ardiarini, SP., M.Si. as the main supervisor and Ir.
Arifin Noor Sugiharto, M.Sc., Ph.D as second supervisor.
Maize is one of commodities cultivated in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the National
production of Maize has not been able to fulfill the national needs so it is still
imported to fulfill the needs of maize in Indonesia. In the last 10 years (2010-2015),
corn production area increased, where the increase of land area outside Java is greater
than the increase of land area in Java. This shows that there is potential for corn
development outside Java. Some problems encountered in corn cultivation outside
Java are land conditions that tend to have low pH. To overcome this can be done by
testing the corn varieties that can tolerate acid land condition, so that extensification
of land outside Java for corn production can be done. Theories about the correlation
relationship between yield and growth character are estimated to show different
relationships on the conditions of crops grown on land that has low pH due to the
presence of Al poisoning.
The aim of this research was to know the potensial of each maize varieties
candidates that used in this research based on its growth and yield, also to know the
correlation between growth and yield of some maize varieties candidates tested on
acid soils in Nunukan, North Borneo. This research was conducted from January to
March 2017 on land owned by PT. Puncak Keemasan Lumbung Dunia, Semengkadu
Village, Tanjung Harapan, South Nunukan District, Nunukan, North Borneo
Province. The research was conducted by using randomized block design (RBD) with
1 treatment that is 10 genotypes of maize feed consisting of 9 candidates of varieties
of maize feed that is UB 1, UB 11, UB 12, UB 13, UB 14, UB 15, UB 16, UB 18 ,
UB 19 (CV Blue Akari’s germplasm collection) while the comparison used is
commercial varieties that is BISI-18. Each treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain
30 experimental units. The land used is 750 m2. Each genotype is planted in a plot
measuring 4m x 4m. The planting is done in the row, each planting hole is given 2
seeds, the spacing used is 0.75 m x 0.25 m, so in each plot have 180 plants with a
total population about 5100 plants. Production per plot (4m x 4m) is converted to
calculate maize yield. The area of harvest plot is 4m x 4m per plot. The data obtained
will be analyzed statistically using variance analysis (ANOVA) with F test at 5%
level. If there is a real difference then will be tested further by using DMRT test
(Duncan Multiple Range Test). The data obtained is also used for correlation analysis
to determine the relationship between growth and yield.
The result of this research shows that there are 2 maize varieties candidates they
are UB 1 and UB 11 which have yield potential as high as BISI- 18 as comparation
variety. UB 1 and UB 11 also show high growth rate on acid land, in Nunukan, North
Borneo. Testing on acid soils in Nunukan, North Kalimantan shows that the potential
yield has a positive correlation value with several growth characteristics such as:
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plant height, cob height, leaf number, dry weight, LAB and leaf area, while with other
growth characters such as: day of tasseling, day of silking, and day of harvest,
potential yield has negative correlation.
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan Kehadirat Allah SWT, yang dengan rahmat dan
hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan lapora akhir penelitian yang
berjudul “Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Calon Varietas Jagung (Zea mays)
pada Lahan Masam di Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara” dengan lancar. Pada
kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada:
1. Dr. Noer Rahmi Ardiarini, SP., M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing utama yang
telah memberikan bimbingan, arahan dan nasihat hingga terselesaikannya
penulisan laporan akhir penelitian ini.
2. Ir. Arifin Noor Sugiharto, M.Sc., Ph.D selaku dosen pembimbing pendamping
yang juga telah memberikan arahan dan bimbingan serta nasihat dalam
penulisan laporan akhir penelitian ini.
3. PT. Puncak Keemasan Lumbung Dunia (PKLD) beserta seluruh staff, yang
telah memberikan dukungan baik materiil maupun moriil sehingga penelitian
ini dapat berjalan dengan lancar.
4. Keluarga dan teman- teman yang telah memberikan dukungan baik moril
maupun materiil serta doa yang senantiasa mengiringi langkah penulis.
5. Alfiyan Arif SP., beserta staf CV. Blue Akari yang telah membantu dalam
pelaksanaan penelitian.
6. Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam pelaksanaan penelitian sehingga
laporan akhir penelitian ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan proposal penelitian ini masih
terdapat kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan masukan, kritik, serta
saran yang membangun dari pembaca yang berguna untuk menyempurnakan proposal
penelitian ini serta mempermudah dalam pelaksanaan penelitian nantinya.
Penulis
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RIWAYAT HIDUP
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DAFTAR ISI
RINGKASAN .................................................................................................... i
SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... v
RIWAYAT HIDUP ........................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xi
1. PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan ....................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Hipotesis ................................................................................................... 5
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5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..................................................................... 49
5.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 49
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................................... 40
LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... 53
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DAFTAR TABEL
Nomor Halaman
Teks
1 Perbandingan Karakter Penting dan Keunggulan Varietas Jagung
di Indonesia............................................................................................ 13
2 Daftar Genotip yang Digunakan Sebagai Bahan Tanam Dalam
Penelitian............................................................................................... 15
3 Tabel Analisis Varians RAK ................................................................ 24
4 Rekapitulasi Uji F pada Parameter Pertumbuhan Jagung di Lahan Masam… 29
5 Rerata tinggi tanaman pada umur 2-8 MST dan tinggi letak tongkol... 30
6 Rerata jumlah daun pada umur 2-8 MST .............................................. 32
7 Rerata Bobot Kering Tanaman (g) pada Umur 4-8 MST ..................... 33
8 Rerata Laju Asimilasi Bersih dan Total Luas Daun pada umur
4-8 MST ................................................................................................. 34
9 Rerata Umur Berbunga dan Umur Panen……………………………… 35
10 Rekapitulasi Uji F pada Parameter Hasil dalam Penelitian.................. 36
11 Rerata jumlah tongkol per Tanaman, Bobot Tongkol, Panjang
Tongkol, Diameter Tongkol, Panjang tip filling, dan Bobot
Pipilan per Tongkol…………………………………………………….. 38
12 Rerata Nilai Bobot 100 Biji, Jumlah Baris Biji per Tongkol, Panjang
Biji dan Lebar Biji .…………………………………………................ 39
13 Rerata Nilai Potensi Hasil dan Rendemen ………………………………40
14 Korelasi Pertumbuhan dan Komponen Hasil ........................................ 41
15 Pengaruh pH Masam Terhadap Potensi Hasil ...................................... 42
16 Tabel perbandingan keunggulan calon varietas dengan varietas
pembanding ........................................................................................... 45
17 Rerata Bobot Panen/plot ....................................................................... 79
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Nomor Halaman
Teks
1 Pengamatan pH Sebelum Pengolahan Lahan ....................................... 26
2 Kondisi Lahan Penelitian Sebelum Penanaman ................................... 27
3 OPT yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ................................................. 28
4 Gambaran tongkol produktif pada saat pemanenan .............................. 28
5 Perbandingan Ukuran tongkol UB eS dengan Calon Verietas ............. 46
6 Penampilan UB 11 pada 8 MST ........................................................... 69
7 Kondisi Awal Lahan Pelaksanaan Penelitian ....................................... 70
8 Dokumentasi Pertumbuhan Tanaman pada 1 MST .............................. 70
9 Dokumentasi Pertumbuhan Tanaman pada 2 MST .............................. 71
10 Dokumentasi Pertumbuhan Tanaman pada 4 MST ............................. 71
11 Dokumentasi Pertumbuhan Tanaman pada 6 MST .............................. 72
12 Dokumentasi Pertumbuhan Tanaman pada 8 MST .............................. 72
13 Dokumentasi Perbandingan Ukuran tongkol ........................................ 73
14 Dokumentasi Persiapan Benih .............................................................. 73
15 Persiapan Lahan .................................................................................... 74
16 Dokumentasi Pemupukan ..................................................................... 74
17 Tongkol siap panen ............................................................................... 75
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Nomor Halaman
Teks
1 Layout Lahan Penelitian ....................................................................... 53
2 Layout Pengambilan Sampel Per Plot................................................... 54
3 Data Kesesuaian Lahan ......................................................................... 55
4 Peta Kesesuaian Lahan ......................................................................... 56
5 Perhitungan Kebutuhan Pupuk ............................................................. 57
6 Tabel Nilai Konstanta K dan Jumlah Serta Posisi Daun yang Diukur... 58
7 Rumus Perhitungan Luas Daun ............................................................ 59
8 Rumus Perhitungan LAB (Laju Asimilasi Bersih) .............................. 60
9 Tabel Analisis Ragam ........................................................................... 61
10 Karakter Daun UB 11 ........................................................................... 68
11 Dokumentasi Pelaksanaan Penelitian ................................................... 69
12 Deskripsi BISI 18 .................................................................................. 70
13 Rerata Bobot Panen/plot ....................................................................... 77
14 Perhitungan Kebutuhan Kapur .............................................................. 78
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