ABSTRAK

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit infeksi akut yang

disebabkan oleh virus Dengue, ditransmisikan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti, yang
dikarakteristikkan oleh demam tinggi mendadak, kecenderungan perdarahan,
hepatomegali, dan pada kasus yang berat disertai oleh tanda-tanda kegagalan
sirkulasi yang dapat mengakibatkan syok dan kematian. Temuan laboratorium
penanda DBD adalah trombositopenia dan adanya hemokonsentrasi.
Trombositopenia merupakan salah satu penyebab perdarahan, yang mana
pada DBD diduga terjadi akibat peningkatan destruksi trombosit oleh sistem
retikuloendotelial, agregasi trombosit akibat endotel vaskuler yang rusak, serta
penurunan produksi trombosit oleh sumsum tulang. Berdasarkan manifestasi
klinis yang timbul, WHO membagi DBD dalam empat derajat penyakit, yaitu
derajat I, II, III, dan IV.
Untuk mengetahui hubungan trombositopenia dengan derajat penyakit
pada penderita DBD, telah dilakukan penelitian retrospektif terhadap 389 data
rekam medik penderita DBD yang dirawat inap di Bagian Penyakit Dalam Rumah
Sakit Al Islam Bandung selama periode 1 Juni 2007 sampai 31 Agustus 2007.
Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 341 (87,7%)
penderita mengalami trombositopenia, sebanyak 249 (64%) penderita termasuk
DBD derajat I, sebanyak 128 (32,9%) penderita termasuk DBD derajat II,
sebanyak 12 (3,1%) penderita termasuk DBD derajat III, dan sebanyak 0 (0%)
penderita termasuk DBD derajat IV. Terdapat hubungan antara kejadian
trombositopenia dengan derajat penyakit DBD secara bermakna dengan nilai
p=0,029, dan semakin berat derajat penyakit maka semakin rendah rerata jumlah
trombosit.

Kata kunci : trombositopenia, Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD)

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 ABSTRACT

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute infection that is caused

by the Dengue virus, transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is
characterized by sudden onset high fever, tendency of bleeding, liver enlargement,
and in severe cases will be followed by signs of circulatory failure that can result
in shock and eventually death. The laboratory findings in DHF are
thrombocytopenia and the presence of haemoconcentration.
Thrombocytopenia is one of the causes of bleeding, which in DHF is
assumed to happen because of the increase of thrombocyte destruction by the
reticuloendothelial system, thrombocyte aggregation caused by damaged vascular
endothelial, and the decrease of thrombocyte production by the bone marrow.
Based on the clinical manifestation that shows, WHO classified DHF into four
grades of severity, previously called I, II, III, and IV grades.
To find the relationship of thrombocytopenia and the grades of severity of
DHF, a retrospective research has been conducted to 389 medical records of
DHF victims that were hospitalized in the Internal Department of the Al Islam
Hospital of Bandung in the period of June 1st 2007 to August 31st 2007.
The result of this study is that there was 341 (87,7%) patients with
thrombocytopenia, 249 (64%) patients were classified as grade I DHF, 128
(32,9%) patients were classified as grade II DHF, 12 (3,1%) patients were
classified as grade II DHF, and 0 (0%) patient of grade IV DHF. There is a
significant correlation between event of thrombocytopenia and the grades of severity of
DHF with p value=0,029, and the lower thrombocyte count indicates higher severity of
DHF.

Keywords : thrombocytopenia, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

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