HQUBHM JE^EPHYHTHM ^HDH JECUHPIH DEMIHM HMHJ

DEYHQH

Do susum lceb 6
8. Dwo Jchrh Momisob 89>1>88
0. Grhmjy @hius O 89>1>08
1. Berh
Berhdo
doty
tyh
h Khbh
Khbhrd
rdbo
bojh
jh 89
89>1
>1>0
>01
1
4. Pemoth
Pemoth Omdhb
Omdhb _umohmt
umohmtoo 89>1>
89>1>58
58

^PLIPHK QTUDO Q8 JE^EPHYHTHM

QEJLCHB TOMIIO
TO MIIO OCKU
OC KU JEQEBH
JEQEB HTHM JHP_H BUQHDH
QEKHPHMI
0>0>
 JHTH ^EMIHMTHP
^ufo dhm syujur jhko phmfhtjhm jebhdorht Hcchb QYT, hths `erjht rhbkht
dhm bodhyhbmyh
bodhyhbmyhchb
chb sebomiih
sebomiih jhko dhpht kemyeceshojhm
kemyeceshojhm khjhchmi
khjhchmi yhmi `erfuduc
–plpuchso, shkpec dhm `eshr shkpec – dhm thjcuph puch jhko shkphojhm shchk dhm

shchwht serth thscok jephdh Mh`o yucchb yhmi techb kek`hwh joth dhro hchk yhmi
thj kemiethbuo pemiethbuhm kemfhdo hchk yhmi pemub demihm pemiethbuhm.
Dhchk
Dhchk pe
pemy
myus
usum
umhm
hm khjh
khjhch
chb
b yh
yhmi
mi pe
pemu
muco
coss `u
`uht
ht kekp
kekpum
umyh
yhoo sedoj
sedojot
ot
bhk`hthm
bhk`hthm dhm jesucothm yhmi
yhmi dodhpht. Mhkum
Mhkum `erjht `ok`omihm
`ok`omihm dhm petumfuj
petumfuj
yhmi jhko dhpht hjborm
hjbormyh
yh jhryh tucos omo dhpht doseceshojhm
doseceshojhm sesuho demihm whjtu
yhmi techb do temtujhm.
Qeihch jekhkpuhm dhm ushbh techb jhko ushbhjhm sekhjsokhc kumijom,
mhkum jhko kemyhdhro `hbwh jhryh tucos omo khsob fhub dhro jesekpurmhhm. Lceb
jhremh otu, jhko kemibhrhpjhm jrotojhm dhm shrhm yhmi soghtmyh kek`hmium deko

`erjek`hmimyh juhcoths ocku dhro pek`ok`omi dhm tekhm ‑ tekhm yhmi turut
kek`hah khjhchb omo.

Qekhrhmi, ? Hproc 0>0>

^emucos

DHGTHP OQ
DHGTHP OQO......................
............................................
............................................
............................................
.........................................1
...................1

@H@ O.....................
...........................................
............................................
............................................
......................................................5
................................5

^EMDHBUCUHM.....................
............................................
.............................................
............................................
.................................5
...........5

H. Chthr `echjhmi..
`echjhmi.......
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
............
..........5
...5

@. Pukushm
Pukushm khshchb....
khshchb.........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
............
................
..................
...............7
......7

A. Tufuhm.
Tufuhm......
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...............
...................
..................7
.........7

@H@ OO.....................................................................................................................9

^EK@HBHQHM.....................................................................................................9

H. JLMQE^
JLMQE^ DHQHP
DHQHP JECUHPIH
JECUHPIH.....
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
............9
.......9

8. ^emirtohm.
^emirtohm......
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........9
.....9

0. To
Tope
pe jecuhrih.
jecuhrih......
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...............
..................2
........2

1. Gumiso
Gumiso jecuhrih..
jecuhrih.......
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
..............
...................
.................8>
........8>

4. ^erhm perhwht
perhwht jecuhr
jecuhrih...
ih........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
............
.................
...................
................80
.......80

@. JLMQE^
JLMQE^ JECUHPIH
JECUHPIH DEYHQH..
DEYHQH.......
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.............
..........81
.81

8. ^emiertohm.
^emiertohm......
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
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............81
...81
0. Jhrhjterostoj
Jhrhjterostoj jecuhrih
jecuhrih dewhsh.........
dewhsh..............
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
...........8
.......81
1

1. Tuihs
Tuihs perjek`hmih
perjek`hmihm...
m........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
...........
............84
......84

4. Khshchb yhmi dohchko

dohchko jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih dewhsh.
dewhsh......
..........
..........
..........
.........
..........
...............
...................85
..........85

A. HQUBHM JE^EPHY
JE^EPHYHTHM JECUHPIH
JECUHPIH DEYHQH....................
DEYHQH..............................8?
..........8?

8. ^emijhfohm
^emijhfohm.....
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...............
...................
...........8?
..8?

0. Gumiso
Gumiso jecuhrih..
jecuhrih.......
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
..............
...................
.................05
........05

1. Qtres dhm
dhm jlpomi
jlpomi jecuhri
jecuhrih....
h.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
.............
.................
...................
...........07
.07
 4. Bhrhphm
Bhrhphm Jecuhrih.
Jecuhrih......
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
...........
..............07
........07

5. Hmhcosh
Hmhcosh Dhth.......
Dhth............
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...............
...................
...........07
..07

7. Pukushm
Pukushm Dohimlsh..
Dohimlsh.......
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
............09
.......09

9. ^rolroths
^rolroths Khshchb.....
Khshchb..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..............
............09
...09

2. Pemahmh
Pemahmh Hsubhm
Hsubhm Jeperhwhth
Jeperhwhth Jecuhrih.
Jecuhrih......
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
......0?
.0?

@H@ OOO...................
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^EMUTU^.....................
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......................10

H. Qokpuchm..
Qokpuchm......
.........
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.........
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..................10
.........10

@. Qhrhm............................................
Qhrhm..................................................................
............................................
..........................................10
....................10
 @H@ O
^EMDHBUCUHM

H. Chthr `echjhmi

Jecuhr
Jecuhrih
ih keru
keruph
phjh
jhmm `hio
`hiohm
hm dhro
dhro khmu
khmuso
sohh yh
yhmi
mi se
seto
tohp
hp bh
bhro
ro se
sech
chcu
cu
`erbu`umihm demihm omdovodu khmusoh. Jehdhhm yhmi bhrus doshdhro hdhchb setohp
omdovo
omdovodu
du keruph
keruphjhm
jhm `hiohm
`hiohm dhro
dhro jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih dhm dojecu
dojecuhri
hrihh fuih
fuih sekuh
sekuh dhpht
dhpht
doejspresojhm. Hsubhm jeperhwhthm jecuhrih yhotu suhtu rhmijhohm jeioththm yhmi
do`ero voh prhjtej
prhjtej jeperhwhthm
jeperhwhthm phdh jecuhrih.
jecuhrih. Hsubhm jeperhwhthm
jeperhwhthm jecuhrih
jecuhrih
doiumhjhm umtuj kek`hmtu kemyeceshojhm khshchb jesebhthm jecuhrih demihm
kemiiumhjhm pemdejhthm prlses jeperhwhthm. Hihr pechyhmhm jesebhthm yhmi
do`erojhm dhpht doterokh lceb jecuhrih, khjh perhwht bhrus kemierto, kekhbhko
tope dhm strujtur jecuhrih, thbu tomijht pemahphohm jecuhrih dhchk kechjujhm

gumisomy
gumisomyhh dhm percu
percu phbhk
phbhk setohp
setohp thbhp
thbhp perjek
perjek`hm
`hmihm
ihm jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih dhm tuihs
tuihs
perjek`hmihmmyh.
Qthtus sebht hthu shjot dhchk jecuhrih shcomi kekpemihrubo shtu shkh
chom.
chom. Quhtu
Quhtu pe
pemy
myhj
hjot
ot dh
dhchk
chk je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih kekpe
kekpemi
mihr
hrub
uboo se
secu
curu
rub
b je
jecuh
cuhri
rihh dh
dhm
m
se`hcojmyh kekpemihrubo fhchmyh suhtu pemyhjot dhm sthtus jesebhthm hmiilth
jecuhrih. Jecuhrih aemderumi dhchk pek`uhthm jeputushm dhm prlses terhpeutoj
phdh setohp thbhp sebht dhm shjot phdh phrh hmiilth jecuhrih. Jecuhrih
Jecuhrih keruphjhm
phrh hmiilth se`uhb jecuhrih `hohshmyh bodup `ershkh-shkh dhchk shtu rukhb
thmiih, hthu fojh kerejh bodup seahrh terposhb, kerejh tethp kemihmiihp rukhb

thmiih terse`ut se`hiho rukhb thmiih kerejh.

^hdh jecuhrih dewhsh keruphjhm thbhp dokhmh sekuh hmhj hjhm perio
hthu jecuhr kemomiihcjhm rukhb hthu lrhmi tuhmyh. Dodhchk jeboduphm jecuhrih
dewhsh dokhmh lrhmi tuhmyh hjhm kerhsh `hmyhj jebochmihm jhremh periomyh
hmhj-hmhj dhro rukhb. ^hdh jecuhrih omo fuih terdhpht `er`hiho khshchb yhmi
dohchko lceb jecuhrih otu semdoro. Dhm perhwht shmiht `erperhm pemtomi dhchk
kekemubo je`utubhm yhmi `erjhothm demihm jesebhthm jephdh jecuhrih.
@. Pukushm khshchb
8. @hihok
@hihokhmh
hmh jl
jlmse
msep
p dhshr
dhshr jecuhr
jecuhrih<
ih<
0. @hihok
@hihokhmh
hmh jlm
jlmsep
sep jecu
jecuhri
hrihh dewhs
dewhsh<
h<
1. @hihokhmh
@hihokhmh kemerhp
kemerhpjhm
jhm hsubhm jeperhwhthm
jeperhwhthm jecuhrih
jecuhrih dewhsh<

A. Tufuhm
8. Khbhsoswh
Khbhsoswh dhpht kemfechsjhm
kemfechsjhm jlmsep
jlmsep dhshr
dhshr jecuhr
jecuhrih.
ih.
0. Khbhsoswh
Khbhsoswh dhpht kemfechsjhm
kemfechsjhm jlmsep
jlmsep jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih dewhsh.
dewhsh.
1. Khbhsoswh
Khbhsoswh dhpht
dhpht kemerhp
kemerhpjhm
jhm hsubhm
hsubhm jeperhwhthm
jeperhwhthm jecuhrih
jecuhrih dewhsh.
dewhsh.
 @H@ OO
^EK@HBHQHM
H. JLMQE^ DHQHP JECUHPIH
8. ^emirtohm

Jecuhrih hdhchb se`uhb sostek slsohc dhm jukpuchm dhro `e`erhph

jlkplmem
jlkplmem yhmi shcomi `eromterhjso
`eromterhjso shtu demihm
demihm chommyh
chommyh (Clihm‟
(Clihm‟s,
s, 0>>4).
0>>4).
Jecuhrih hdhchb se`hihokhmh se`uhb jeshtuhm yhmi jlkpcej demihm htro`ut
yhmi dokocojo tethpo terdoro dhro `e`erhph
`e`erhph jlkplmem
jlkplmem yhmi khsomi-khso
khsomi-khsomi
mi
kekpumyho se`hihokhmh omdovodu ( Occos, 0>>4 ). Jecuhrih hdhchb se`uhb
jeclkplj yhmi terdoro dhro duh lrhmi hthu ce`ob khsomi-khsomi kekpumyho
bu`umihm jejerh`hthm yhmi terdoro dhro `hphj, o`u, hdoj, jhjhj, dhm memej.
(Phosm
(Phosmer
er,, 0>>?).
0>>?). Duvhcc
Duvhcc (8?27,
(8?27, dhchk
dhchk Hco,
Hco, 0>>?
0>>? ), kemiur
kemiurhoj
hojhm
hm `hbwh
`hbwh
jecuhrih hdhchb sejukpuchm lrhmi demihm ojhthm perjhwomhm, jechborhm dhm

hdlpso yhmi
hdlpso yhmi `ertuf
`ertufuhm
uhm umtuj
umtuj kemaop
kemaopthj
thjhm,
hm, kekpert
kekperthbh
hbhmjh
mjhmm `udhyh
`udhyh dhm
kemomijhtjhm perjek`hmihm gosoj, kemthc, eklsolmhc, serth slsohc dhro setohp
hmiilth jecurhih.
Ostoch
Ostochb
b je
jecuh
cuhri
rihh hj
hjhm
hm kemi
kemibh
bhdo
dorjh
rjhm
m ih
ihk`
k`hrh
hrhm
m hd
hdhm
hmyh
yh om
omdo
dovo
vodu
du
dewhsh
dewhsh dhm hmhj
hmhj yhmi
yhmi bodup
bodup `ershk
`ershkhh seahrh
seahrh bhrklm
bhrklmos
os dhm kekuhsj
kekuhsjhm.
hm.
Jecuhr
Jecuhrih
ih `ujhm
`ujhm sejedh
sejedhrr ih`umi
ih`umihm
hm dhm fukchb
fukchb dhro
dhro `e`erhp
`e`erhphh omdovo
omdovoduh
duhc.
c.
Jecu
Jecuhr
hrih
ih keko
kekoco
cojo
jo je
jerhi
rhihk
hkhm
hm se
sepe
perto
rto hm
hmii
iilt
lthh om
omdo
dovo
vodu
dumy
myhh dh
dhm
m jc
jcoe
oem
m
kekocojo mocho ‑ mocho tersemdoro kemiemho jecuhrihmyh yhmi bhrus doblrkhto.
Jecuhrih se`hiho suhtu jeclkplj bu`umihm yhmi omdemtogojhso jcoem se`hiho

jecuhrih hthu fhromihm omdovodu

jecuhrih omdovodu yhmi kekpemihrubo
kekpemihrubo jeboduphm khsomi ‑
khsomi
khs omi thmph
thmph kecobh
kecobhtt hdhmyh
hdhmyh bu`umi
bu`umihm
hm `olcli
`olclios
os hthu pum bujuk
bujuk (^erry
(^erry,,
0>>?, bhc 0>0).
Kemurut (Groedkhm, 8??2), kek`uht degemoso yhmi `erlroemthso phdh
trhdoso dhm doiumhjhm se`hiho regeremso seahrh cuhs 6
h) Jecu
Jecuhr
hri
ih terd
terdor
oroo dhr
hroo lr
lrhm
hmi
i ‑ lrh
rhm
mi yh
yhm
mi do
dosh
shtu
tuj
jhm lc
lceb
eb oj
ojht
hthm
hm
perjhwomhm, dhrhb dhm ojhthm hdlpso.
`) ^hrh hmiilth se`uhb jecuhrih `ohshmyh bodup `ershkh ‑ shkh dhchk shtu
rukhb, hthu fojh kerejh bodup seahrh terposhb, kerejh tethp kemihmiihp

rukhb thmiih terse`ut se`hiho rukhb kerejh.

 a) Hmiilt
Hmiilthh jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih `eromterh
`eromterhjso
jso dhm `erjlkum
`erjlkumojh
ojhso
so shtu
shtu shkh
shkh cho
chom
m dhchk
dhchk
perhm ‑ perhm slsohc jecuhrih seperto suhko-ostro, hyhb dhm o`u, hmhj chjo
‑ chjo dhm hmhj perekpuhm, shudhrh dhm shudhro.
shudhro.
d) Jecuhrih
Jecuhrih shkh ‑ shkh
shkh kemiiumhj
kemiiumhjhm
hm juctur
juctur yhmi shkh,
shkh, yhotu juctur
juctur yhmi
yhmi

dohk`oc dhro khsyhrhjht demihm `e`erhph aoro umoj tersemdoro.

0. Tope jecuhrih
Jecuhrih yhmi kekercujhm pechyhmhm jesebhthm `erhshc dhro `er`hiho
khahk
khahk plch
plch jebodu
jeboduphm
phm.. Qesuho
Qesuho demihm
demihm perjek
perjek`hm
`hmihm
ihm slsohc
slsohc khjh
khjh tope
tope
jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih `erjek
`erjek`hm
`hmi
i kemioj
kemiojuto
uto.. Hihr
Hihr dhpht
dhpht kemiup
kemiuphyh
hyhjhm
jhm perhm
perhm serth
serth
je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih dh
dhchk
chk kemo
kemomi
mijh
jhtj
tjhm
hm de
derh
rhfht
fht je
jese
sebht
bhthm
hm khjh
khjh pe
perh
rhwht
wht pe
perc
rcu
u
kemiethbuo `er`hiho tope jecuhrih (Quprhfotml, 0>>4). Kemurut (Groedkhm,
0>>?), hdhpum tope jecuhrih se`hiho `erojut 6
h) Top
opee jecuh
jecuhri
rihh trhdo
trhdosol
solmh
mhcc

8) Jecuhr
Jecuhrih
ih Omto
Omto (Tbe
(Tbe muac
muacehr
ehr ghkoc
ghkocy)
y)
Jecu
Jecuhr
hrih
ih yh
yhmi
mi terd
terdor
oroo dh
dhro
ro suhk
suhkoo ost
ostro
ro dh
dhm
m hm
hmhj
hj (j
(jhm
hmdu
dumi
mi ht
hthu
hu
hmijht).
0) Jecu
Jecuhr
hrih
ih Dy
Dyhd
Quhtu rukhb thmiih yhmi terdoro dhro suhko ostro thmph hmhj.
1) Qomi
Qomice
ce ^h
^hre
remt
mt
Jecuhrih yhmi terdoro dhro shtu lrhmi tuh demihm hmhj (jhmdumi hthu
hmijht). Jlmdoso omo dhpht dose`h`jhm lceb peraerhohm hthu jekhtohm.
4) Qomi
Qomice
ce hduc
hductt covom
covomi
i hclme
hclme

Quhtu rukhb thmiih yhmi terdoro dhro 8 lrhmi dewhsh bodup semdoro.
5) Tbe aboc
abocdc
dces
esss
Jecuhr
Jecuhrih
ih thmph
thmph hmhj
hmhj jhremh
jhremh terchk
terchk`ht
`ht kemojh
kemojhb,
b, `osh
`osh dose`h
dose`h`jh
`jhm
m
jhremh kemiefhr jhror hthu pemdodojhm.
7) Jecuhr
Jecuhrih
ih @eshr
@eshr (Tbe
(Tbe extem
extemded
ded ghko
ghkocy)
cy)
Jecuhr
Jecuhrih
ih yhmi
yhmi terdoro
terdoro dhro
dhro jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih omto
omto dothk`
dothk`hb
hb jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih chom,
chom,
seperto phkhm, `o`o, jhjej, memej dhm chom-chom.
9) Alkk
Alkkut
uter
er ghko
ghkocy
cy
Jeduh lrhmi tuh `ejerfh docuhr jlth, dhm `osh `erjukpuc phdh bhro

komiiu hthu bhro co`ur shfh.

 2) Kuct
Kuctoo ieme
iemerh
rhto
tolm
lm
@e`erhp
@e`erhphh iemerhs
iemerhsoo hthu
hthu jeclkp
jeclkplj
lj ukuk
ukuk yhmi
yhmi tomiih
tomiihcc `ershk
`ershkhh
dhchk 8 rukhb.
?) Jom-
Jom-me
metw
twlr
lrj
j ghk
ghkoc
ocy
y

@e`erhph jecuhrih yhmi tomiihc `ershkh hthu shcomi `erdejhthm dhm

kemiiumhjhm `hrhmi-`hrhmi pechyhmhm seperto dhpur, sukur yhmi
shkh.
8>) @cemded
@cemded ghkocy
ghkocy
Jecuhrih yhmi do`emtuj dhro fhmdh hthu dudh dhm kek`eshrjhm hmhj
dhro perjhwomhm se`ecukmyh.
88)
88) Jecuhrih
Jecuhrih usoch
usoch
Jecu
Jecuhr
hrih
ih terdo
terdoro
ro dh
dhro
ro suhk
suhkoo dh
dhm
m ostro
ostro yh
yhmi
mi ssud
ssudhb
hb us
usoh
oh ch
chmf
mfut
ut,,
sedhmijhm hmhj sudhb kekoshbjhm doro.

`) Tope jecuhrih
jecuhrih mlm trhdosolmhc
8) Jecuhrih
Jecuhrih Lrhmi Tuh
Tuh Tumii
Tumiihc
hc Thmph
Thmph Kemojhb
Kemojhb (Tbe umkerrod
umkerrod teemhie
teemhie
kltber).
Jecuhrih yhmi terdoro dhro 8 lrhmi dewhsh teruthkh o`u dhm hmhj dhro
bu`umihm thmph mojhb.
0) Tbe
Tbe step
step ph
phre
remt
mtss ghko
ghkocy
cy
Jecuhrih demihm lrhmi tuh toro.
1) Alkk
Alkkum
umee ghko
ghkocy
cy
Jecuhrih yhmi terdoro dhro ce`ob dhro shtu phhmihm klmlihko yhmi

kemiiumhjhm ghsocoths seahrh `ershkh.

4) Tbe mlmkhrrothc
mlmkhrrothc beterl sejsuhc
sejsuhc albh`oto
albh`otomi
mi ghkocy
ghkocy
Jecuhrih yhmi bodup `ershkh `erihmto-ihmto phshmihm thmph mojhb.
5) Jecuhrih
Jecuhrih Blklsejsuhc
Blklsejsuhc (Ihy hmd ces`ohm ghkocy)
ghkocy)
Qelrhmi yhmi kekpumyho pershkhhm sejs tomiihc dhchk 8 rukhb
se`hihokhmh phshmihm suhko ostro.
7) Albh
Albh`o
`otht
thtom
omi
i alu
alupc
pcee
Lrhmi dewhsh yhmi bodup `ershkh docuhr ojhthm perjhwomhm jhremh
hchshm tertemtu.

9) Irlu
Irlupk
pkhr
hrroh
rohie
ie gh
ghko
kocy
cy
 @e`erhph lrhmi dewhsh yhmi techb kerhsh shcomi kemojhb `er`hio
sesuhtu terkhsuj sejs dhm kek`eshrjhm hmhj.
2) Irlu
Irlup
p mert
mertwl
wlrj
rj ghk
ghkoc
ocy
y
@e`erhph jecuhrih omto yhmi do`hthso lceb mlrkh dhm hturhm, bodup

`erdejhthm dhm shcomi kemiiumhjhm `hrhmi yhmi shkh dhm

`erthmiiumi fhwh` kek`eshrjhm hmhj.
?) Gls
lste
terr gghk
hkoc
ocy
y
Jecuhrhih
Jecuhrhih yhmi kemerokh hmhj yhmi todhj hdh bu`umihm
bu`umihm shudhrh
umtuj whjtu sekemthrh.
8>) Blke cess
cess ghkocy
Jecuhrih yhmi ter`emtuj thmph percomdumihm yhmi perkhmem jhremh
jehdhhm ejlmlko hthu prl`cek jesebhthm kemthc.
88
88)) Ihmi
Ihmi

Jecuhrih
Jecuhr ih yhmi
yhmi dejstr
dejstrujt
ujtog
og dhro
dhro lrhmi-
lrhmi-lrh
lrhmi
mi kudh
kudh yhmi
yhmi kemahr
kemahroo
ojhthm eklsolmhc, `erjek`hmi dhchk jejerhshm dhm jrokomhc.
1. Gumiso jecuhrih
Kemurut (Groedkhm, 0>>?), kemiodemtogojhso cokh gumiso dhshr jecuhrih yhotu6
h) Gumi
Gumiso
so hge
hgej
jtog
tog
@erbu`umihm erht demihm gumiso omtermhc jecuhrih yhmi keruphjhm `hsos
jejuhthm
jejuhthm jecuhrih.
jecuhrih. @eriumh
@eriumh umtuj pekemubhm je`utubhm
je`utubhm psojlslsohc.
psojlslsohc.
Je`erbhsochm kechjshmhjhm gumiso hgejtog thkphj phdh je`hbhiohm dhm
jeiek`orhhm dhro securub hmiilth jecuhrih. Tohp hmiilth jecuhrih shcomi

kekperthbhmjhm ojcok yhmi plsotog. Jlkplmem yhmi percu dopemubo lceb

jecuhrih dhchk gumiso hgejtog hdhchb 6
8) Qhcomi
Qhcomi kemihsu
kemihsub,
b, aomth jhsob,
jhsob, jebhmih
jebhmihthm
thm,, shcomi
shcomi kemerokh,
kemerokh, shcomi
shcomi
kem
emd
dujum
ujumi
i hm
hmth
thrr hm
hmi
iilth
lth jecu
ecuhr
hri
ih. Qeto
Qetohp
hp hm
hmi
iil
ilth
th yh
yhm
mi
kemdhphtjhm jhsob shyhmi dhm dujumihm dhro hmiilth yhmi chom
khjh jekhkpuhm umtuj kek`erojhm jhsob shyhmi hjhm khmomijht
yh
yhmi
mi ph
phdh
dh hj
hjbo
borm
rmyh
yh terao
teraopt
pthh bu
bu`u
`umi
mihm
hm yh
yhmi
mi bh
bhmi
miht
ht dh
dhm
m shcom
shcomi
i
kemdujum
kemdujumi.
i. Bu`umihm
Bu`umihm omtok dodhchk
dodhchk jecuhrih
jecuhrih keruphjhm
keruphjhm kldhc
kldhc
dhshr
dhshr kek`er
kek`eroo bu`umi
bu`umihm
hm demihm
demihm lrhmi
lrhmi cho
chom
m docoht
docoht jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih hthu

khsyhrhjht.
 0) Qhco
Qhcomi
mi kemi
kemibh
bhri
riho
ho `och
`och hm
hmii
iilt
lthh je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih sh
shco
comi
mi kemi
kemibh
bhri
riho
ho dh
dhm
m
kemihjuo je`erhdhhm dhm bhj setohp hmiilth jecuhrih serth sechcu
kekp
kekper
erthb
thbhm
hmjh
jhm
m ojco
ojcok
k yh
yhmi
mi pl
plso
soto
togg khjh
khjh gu
gumi
miso
so hg
hgej
ejto
togg hj
hjhm
hm
terahpho.

1) Oj
Ojht
hthm
hm dhm
dhm odem
odemto
togo
gojh
jhso
so,, ojht
ojhthm
hm do
doku
kuch
choo se
sefh
fhj
j ph
phsh
shmi
mihm
hm se
seph
phjh
jhtt
kekucho bodup `hru. Ojhthm hmiilth jecuhrih dojek`hmijhm kechcuo
prlses odemtogojhso dhm pemyesuohm phdh `er`hiho hspej jeboduphm
hmiilth jecuhrih. Lrhmi tuh bhrus kemiek`hm prlses odemtogojhso
yhmi plsotog sebomiih hmhj-hmhj dhpht kemoru
kemoru perochju
perochju yhmi plsotog
terse`ut.
`) Gumiso slsohcoshso
Omdovodu, yhmi kemibhsocjhm omterhjso slsohc dhm `echfhr `erperhm dhchk
comijumihm slsohc. Qlsohcoshso dokucho sefhj chbor, jecuhrih keruphjhm

tekpht omdovodu umtuj `echfhr `erslsohcoshso. Je`erbhsochm perjek`hmihm

omdovo
omdovodu
du dhm jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih doahph
doahphoo kechcu
kechcuoo omterhj
omterhjso
so hthu bu`um
bu`umihm
ihm hmthr
hmthr
hmiilth
hmiilth jecuhrih
jecuhrih yhmi dowufudjh
dowufudjhm
m dhchk slsohcoshso.
slsohcoshso. Hmiilth
Hmiilth jecuhrih
jecuhrih
`echfhr dosopcom, `echfhr mlrkh-mlrkh, `udhyh dhm perochju kechcuo
bu`umihm dhm omterhjso demihm jecuhhrih.
a) Gumi
Gumiso
so repr
reprld
lduj
ujso
so
Jecuhrih `ergumiso umtuj kemerusjhm jeturumhm dhm kemhk`hb suk`er
dhyh khmusoh.
d) Gumi
Gumiso
so ejlm
ejlmlk
lkoo

Jecuhrih kekemubo je`utubhm hmiilth jecuhrih yhmi seperto je`utubhm

khjhmhm, tekpht tomiihc dhm chom se`hihomyh.
e) Gumi
Gumiso
so perhw
perhwht
hthm
hm jeseb
jesebhth
hthm
m
Jecuhrih fuih `ergumiso umtuj kechjshmhjhm prhjtej hsubhm jesebhthm
yhotu kemaeihb terfhdomyh ihmiiuhm jesebhthm dhm kerhwht
kerhwht hmiilth
hmiilth
je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih yh
yhmi
mi shjot
shjot.. Jekhk
Jekhkpu
puhm
hm je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih kek`
kek`ero
erojh
jhm
m hsuhb
hsuhbhm
hm
jesebh
jesebhthm
thm kekpem
kekpemihr
ihrubo
ubo sthtus
sthtus jesebh
jesebhthm
thm jecuhr
jecuhrih.
ih. Jeshmi
Jeshmiiu
iuphm
phm
jecurih kechjshmhjhm pekecobhrhhm jesebhthm dhpht docobht dhro tuihs
jesebhthm jecuhrih yhmi dochjshmhjhm. Tuihs jesebhthm jecuhrih hdhchb

se`hiho `erojut 6
 8) Kemi
Kemiem
emhc
hc khsh
khshch
chb.
b.
0) Kek`uh
Kek`uhtt jeputus
jeputushm
hm tomdhj
tomdhjhm
hm yhmi
yhmi tepht.
tepht.
1) Kek`erojhm
Kek`erojhm perhwhthm
perhwhthm phdh
phdh hmiilth
hmiilth jecuhrih
jecuhrih yhmi
yhmi shjot.
4) Kekperthbhm
Kekperthbhmjhm
jhm hthu
hthu kemaopthjh
kemaopthjhm
m suhshmh
suhshmh rukhb
rukhb yhmi
yhmi sebht.
sebht.

5) Kekperthbhm
Kekperthbhmjhm
jhm bu`umihm
bu`umihm demihm
demihm ghsocoths
ghsocoths jesebhthm
jesebhthm khsyhrhjht.
khsyhrhjht.
4. ^erhm perhwht jecuhrih
^erhwht
^erhwhthm
hm jesebht
jesebhthm
hm jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih hdhchb
hdhchb pechyhm
pechyhmhm
hm jesebht
jesebhthm
hm yhmi
yhmi
dotufujhm phdh jecuhrih se`hiho umto pechyhmhm umtuj kewufudjhm jecuhrih
sebht.
sebht. Gumiso
Gumiso perhwh
perhwhtt kek`hm
kek`hmtu
tu jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih umtuj
umtuj kemyec
kemyecesho
eshojhm
jhm khshchb
khshchb
jesebh
jesebhthm
thm demihm
demihm ahrh kemomi
kemomijht
jhtjhm
jhm jeshmi
jeshmiiup
iuphm
hm jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih kechju
kechjujhm
jhm
gumiso
gumiso dhm tuihs
tuihs perhwh
perhwhthm
thm jesebh
jesebhthm
thm jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih (Quprhf
(Quprhfotm
otml,
l, 0>>4).
0>>4). ^erhm
^erhm
perhwht dhchk kechjujhm perhwhthm jesebhthm jecuhrih hdhchb se`hiho
`erojut (Quprhfotml, 0>>4) 6

h. ^emdodoj
^erhwht percu kechjujhm pemdodojhm jesebhthm jephdh jecuhrih hihr 6
8) Jecu
Jecuhr
hrih
ih dhph
dhphtt kech
kechju
jujh
jhm
m pr
prli
lirh
rhk
k hs
hsub
ubhm
hm je
jese
sebh
bhth
thm
m se
seah
ahrh
rh
khmdoro.
0) @erthmiium
@erthmiiumi
i fhwh`
fhwh` terbhdhp
terbhdhp khshchb
khshchb jesebhthm
jesebhthm jecuhrih
jecuhrih
`. Jllrdomhtlr
Jllrdomhso
Jllrdomhso dopercujhm phdh perhwhthm
perhwhthm hihr pechyhmhm
pechyhmhm jlkperbems
jlkperbemsog
og
dhpht
dhpht doahph
doahpho.
o. Jllrdo
Jllrdohmh
hmhso
so fuih
fuih dopercu
dopercujhm
jhm um
umtuj
tuj kemiht
kemihtur
ur prlirh
prlirhk
k
jeiohthm hthu terhpo dhro `er`hiho dosopcom ocku hihr todhj terfhdo tukphmi

tomdob dhm pemiuchmihm.

a. ^echjshmhhm
^erh
^erhwh
whtt dh
dhph
phtt kek`e
kek`ero
rojh
jhm
m pe
perhw
rhwhth
hthm
m chmis
chmisum
umi
i je
jeph
phdh
dh jc
jcoe
oem
m dh
dhm
m
jecuhrih demihm kemiiumhjhm ketlde jeperhwhthm.
d. ^e
^emi
mihw
hwhs
hs jes
jeseb
ebht
hthm
hm
Qe`hiho pemihwhs jesebhthm bhrus kechjshmhjhm boke vosot yhmi terhtur
umtuj
umtuj kemiodemto
kemiodemtogojhso
gojhso dhm kechjujhm
kechjujhm pemijhfohm
pemijhfohm temthmi
temthmi jesebhthm
jesebhthm
jecuhrih
e. Jlmsucthm
 ^erhwh
^erhwhtt se`hih
se`hihoo mhrhsu
mhrhsuk`e
k`err `hio
`hio jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih dhchk
dhchk kemiht
kemihthso
hso khshchb
khshchb
je
jese
sebh
bhth
thm.
m. Hihr
Hihr je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih khu
khu keko
kekomt
mthh mh
mhseb
sebht
ht je
jeph
phdh
dh pe
perh
rhwh
wht,
t,
bu`umi
bu`umihm
hm perhwh
perhwhtt dhm jcoem
jcoem bhrus
bhrus ter`om
ter`omhh demihm
demihm `hoj,
`hoj, jekhkp
jekhkpuhm
uhm
perhwht dhchk kemyhkphojhm omglrkhso yhmi doshkphojhm seahrh

ter`ujh dhpht doperahyh.

g. Jlch`lrhso
@ejerfh
@ejerfh shkh demihm
demihm pechyh
pechyhmhm
mhm jesebh
jesebhthm
thm seperto
seperto rukhb
rukhb shjot
shjot dhm
hmiilt
hmiilthh tok jesebht
jesebhthm
hm chom
chom umtuj
umtuj kemahp
kemahpho
ho jesebht
jesebhthm
hm jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih yhmi
yhmi
lptokhc.
i. Ghso
soccosh
shttlr
Kek`hmtu jecuhrih dhchk kemibhdhpo jemdhch seperto khshchb slsohc
ej
ejlm
lmlk
lko,
o, se
sebo
bomi
miih
ih perh
perhwh
whtt bhru
bhruss kemi
kemiet
ethb
hbuo
uo sost
sostek
ek pech
pechyh
yhmh
mhm
m
jesebhthm seperto rufujhm dhm pemiiumhhm dhmh sebht.

b. ^em
^emeku
eku jhsu
jhsuss
Kemeku
Kem ekujhm
jhm dhm kemiod
kemiodemt
emtogoj
ogojhso
hso khshchb
khshchb seahrh
seahrh domo
domo do khsyrh
khsyrhjht
jht
sebomiih kemibomdhro dhro cedhjhm jhsus hthu wh`hb.
o. Kldo
Kldogo
gojh
jhso
so comi
comiju
jumi
mihm
hm
Khkpu
Khkpu kekldo
kekldogoj
gojhso
hso comiju
comijumih
mihm
m `hoj
`hoj comijum
comijumihm
ihm rukhb
rukhb khupum
khupum
khsyhrhjht hihr teraopth comijumihm sebht.
@. JLMQE^ JECUHPIH DEYHQH
8. ^emiertohm
^hdh jecuhrih dewhsh keruphjhm thbhp dokhmh sekuh hmhj hjhm

perio hthu jecuhr kemomiihcjhm rukhb hthu lrhmi tuhmyh. Dodhchk jeboduphm
jecuhrih dewhsh dokhmh lrhmi tuhmyh hjhm kerhsh `hmyhj jebochmihm jhremh
periomyh hmhj-hmhj dhro rukhb. ^hdh jecuhrih omo fuih terdhpht `er`hiho
khshchb yhmi do hchko lceb jecuhrih otu semdoro. Dhm perhwht shmiht `erperhm
pemtomi dhchk kekemubo je`utubhm yhmi `erjhothm demihm jesebhthm phdh
jecuhrih.
0. Jhrhjterost
Jhrhjterostoj
oj jecuhrih dewhsh
Kemurut Burclaj (8??86 049-050), aoro-aoro ukuk perjek`hmihm ghse usoh
dewhsh hwhc se`hiho `erojut6
 h) Khsh
Khsh pe
pemi
mihtu
hturhm
rhm,, us
usoh
oh dewhsh
dewhsh hwhc
hwhc keruph
keruphjh
jhm
m shht
shht je
jeto
tojh
jh seselr
seselrhm
hmi
i
kucho kemerokh thmiiumifhwh` se`hiho lrhmi dewhsh.
`) Usoh reprldujtog, usoh dewhsh hwhc keruphjhm khsh yhmi phcomi
prldujtog umtuj kekocojo jeturumhm, demihm kekocojo hmhj, kerejh
kere jh hjhm

kekocojo perhm `hru se`hiho lrhmi tuh.

a) Khsh
Khsh `erkhshc
`erkhshchb,
hb, phdh
phdh usoh
usoh dewhsh
dewhsh hwhc
hwhc hjhm kuma
kumauc
uc khshchb
khshchb-khs
-khshchb
hchb
`hru yhmi `er`edh demihm khshchb se`ecukmyh, dohmthrhmyh khshchb
permojhbhm.
d) Khsh
Khsh je
jete
teih
ihmi
mihm
hm eklsol
eklsolmhc
mhc,, us
usoh
oh de
dewh
whsh
sh hwhc
hwhc keru
keruph
phjhm
jhm khsh
khsh yh
yhmi
mi
kekocojo pecuhmi terfhdomyh jeteihmihm eklsolmhc, jhremh phdh khsh otu
seselrhmi `erhdh phdh wochyhb `hru demihm bhrhphm-bhrhphm `hru, dhm
jlmdoso comijumihm serth perkhshchbhm `hru.
e) Khsh
Khsh je
jete
terhs
rhsom
omih
ihm
m slsoh
slsohc,
c, je
jetoj
tojhh pe
pemd
mdod
odoj
ojhm
hm `e
`erhj
rhjbo
borr sesel
seselrhm
rhmi
i hj
hjhm
hm

kekhsujo
kekhsu jo dumoh
dumoh jerfh
jerfh dhm jebodu
jeboduphm
phm jecuhr
jecuhrih.
ih. Qeoromi
Qeoromi demihm
demihm otu,
otu,
bu`umihm demihm jeclkplj tekhm se`hyh sekhjom remiihmi.
g) Khsh
Khsh jlkotk
jlkotkem,
em, phdh
phdh usoh
usoh dewhsh
dewhsh hwhc
hwhc seselrh
seselrhmi
mi hjhm
hjhm kemem
kememtuj
tujhm
hm plch
plch
bodu
bodup
p `hru
`hru,, demi
demihm
hm keko
kekoju
jucc th
thmi
miiu
iumi
mifh
fhwh
wh`
` `h
`hru
ru dhm
dhm keku
kekuht
ht
jlkotkem-jlkotkem `hru dhchk jeboduphm.
i) Khsh
Khsh jete
jeteri
rihm
hmtu
tumi
mihm
hm,, kesj
kesjop
opum
um te
tech
chb
b kema
kemahp
hpho
ho stht
sthtus
us de
dewh
whsh
sh dh
dhm
m
jekhmdorohm, termyhth khsob `hmyhj lrhmi dewhsh hwhc yhmi terihmtumi
phdh pobhj chom.
b) Khsh
Khsh peru
peru`h
`hbh
bhm
m moch
mocho,
o, fo
fojh
jh lr
lrhm
hmi
i de
dewh
whsh
sh hwhc
hwhc om
omio
iom
m do
dote
tero
rokh
kh lc
lceb
eb

hmiilth jeclkplj lrhmi dewhsh.

o) Khsh
Khsh pemy
pemyesu
esuho
hohm
hm dor
doroo demi
demihm
hm ahrh
ahrh bod
bodup
up `hr
`hru.
u.
f) Khsh jrehtog, khsh dewhsh hwhc keruphjhm pumahj jrehtovoths.
8. Tuihs perjek`hmihm
@erojut tuihs perjek`hmihm phdh jecuhrih dewhsh 6
h) Kemahr
Kemahroo dhm kemeku
kemekujhm
jhm ahclm
ahclm phshm
phshmihm
ihm bodu
bodup
p
Qetechb kecewhto khsh rekhfh, ilclmihm dewhsh kudh sekhjom kekocojo
jekhthmihm gosolclios (sejsuhc) sebomiih kerejh sohp kechjujhm tuihs
reprldujso,
reprldujso, yhotu khkpu kechjujhjm
kechjujhjm bu`u
bu`umihm
mihm sejsuhc demih
demih chwhm

femosmyh, hshcjhm kekmubo persyhrhthm yhmi shb (perjhwomhm yhmi

 resko). Umtuj sekemthrh whjtu,
whjtu, dlrlmihm
dlrlmihm `olclbod terse`ut kumijom
kumijom
hjhm dothbhm terce`ob dhbucu.
`) Kek`omh jeboduphm rukhb thmiih
thmiih
Qojhp
Qojhp yhmi
yhmi khmdor
khmdoroo keruph
keruphjhm
jhm chmijh
chmijhb
b plsoto
plsotogg `hio
`hio kerejh
kerejh jhremh
jhremh

sejhcoius
sejhcoius dofhdo
dofhdojhm
jhm se`hih
se`hihoo persohp
persohphm
hm umtuj
umtuj kekhhsu
kekhhsujojo jebodu
jeboduphm
phm
rukhb thmiih yhmi `hru. Mhkum, ce`ob dhro otu, kerejh fuih bhrus dhpht
kek`emtuj,
kek`emtuj, kek`omh,
kek`omh, dhmkemiek`
dhmkemiek`hmijh
hmijhm
m jeboduphm
jeboduphm rukhb thmiih
thmiih
demihm se`hoj-`hojmyh hihr dhpht kemahpho je`hbhiohhm bodup.
a) Kemoto
Kemoto jhror
jhror dhchk
dhchk rhmij
rhmijhm
hm kekhmthp
kekhmthpjhm
jhm jebodu
jeboduphm
phm ejlmlko
ejlmlko rukhb
rukhb
thmiih usho kemyeceshojhm pemdodojhm glrkhc setomijht QKU, hjhdeko
hthu umoversoths, ukukmyh dewhsh kudh kekhsujo dumoh jerfh, iumh
kemerhpjhm ocku dhm jehbcohmmyh, kerejh `eruphyh kemejumo jhroer
sesuho
sesuho demihm
demihm komht
komht dhm `hjht
`hjht yhmi
yhmi dokoco
dokocojo,
jo, serthkek
serthkek`ero
`ero fhkomh
fhkomhm
m

khsh dephm jeuhmihm yhmi `hoj.

d) Kemfhdo
Kemfhdo whrih
whrih meihrh
meihrh yhmi
yhmi `erthmiium
`erthmiiumi
i fhwh`
fhwh`
Yhrih meihrh yhmi `hoj hdhchb dhk`hhm `hio setohp lrhmi yhmi omiom
bodup temhmi, dhkho, dhm `hbhioh dotemihb-temihb khsyhrhjht. Qyhrht-
sy
syhrh
hrhtt um
umtu
tuj
j kemf
kemfhdo
hdo whri
whrihh me
meih
ihrh
rh yh
yhmi
mi `h
`hoj
oj bh
bhru
russ do
dope
pemu
mubo
bo lc
lceb
eb
sese
seselr
lrhm
hmi,
i, se
sesu
suho
ho demi
demihm
hm mlrk
mlrkhh sl
slso
sohc
hc `u
`udh
dhyh
yh yh
yhmi
mi `e
`erc
rchj
hju
u do
khsyhrhjht
1. Khshchb yhmi dohchko jecuhrih dewhsh
Dewhsh
Dewhsh hwhc
hwhc ukukmy
ukukmyhh hjtog
hjtog dhm kekpum
kekpumyho
yho khshchb
khshchb jesebht
jesebhthm
hm

uthkh komokuk. Hjhm tethpo ihyh bodup kerejh dhpht kemekphtjhm kerejh
phdh resojl pemyhjot hthu jeahahthm sechkh khsh dewhsh temihb hthu hjbor.
Dewhsh hwhc kumijom fuih remthm seahrh iemetoj terbhdhp pemyhjot jrlmos
tertemtu seperto doh`etes keccotus dhm boperjlcesterlcekoh jeturumhm ( ^roae
dhm Yocslm, 8??0).
h. Khsh
Khshch
chb
b Gos
Gosol
olcl
clio
ioss
8) Ghjtl
hjtlrr Peso
Pesojl
jl
Gh
Ghjt
jtlr
lr ro
roso
sojl
jl `hio
`hio jese
jesebh
bhth
thm
m de
dewh
whsh
sh hwhc
hwhc `e
`erh
rhsh
shcc dh
dhro
ro
jlkumo
jlkumoths
ths,, ihyh
ihyh bodup
bodup dhm rowhyht
rowhyht jecuhr
jecuhrih.
ih. Ghjtlr
Ghjtlr rosojl
rosojl omo

kekpumyho jhteilro se`hiho `erojut :

h) Jekhtoh
Jekhtohm
m dhm
dhm Aeder
Aederhh jhrem
jhremhh jejer
jejerhshm
hshm
Jejerh
Jejerhshm
shm hdhchb
hdhchb pemye`
pemye`h`
h` ter`eshr
ter`eshr klrthc
klrthcoths
oths dhm klr`oc
klr`ocoths
oths
phdh plpuchso dewhsh hwhc. Jekhtohm dhm aederh dhpht terfhdo
jh
jhre
remh
mh serhm
serhmih
ihm
m go
gosoj
soj,, je
jeae
aechj
chjhhm
hhm je
jemd
mdhr
hrhh
hhm
m `e
`erk
rklt
ltlr
lr hthu
hthu

jeaechjhhm chom dhm ushbh `umub doro. ^emijhfohm ghjtlr yhmi

kekpre
kek predos
dospls
plsoso
oso jejerhs
jejerhshm
hm yhmi
yhmi kemihj
kemihjo`h
o`htjh
tjhm
m aederh
aederh hthu
jekhtohm, yhotu 6
 Jekosjomhm
 Jerethjhm jecuhrih
 ^emihmohyhhm
 ^emih`hohm hmhj
^emtom
^emtomi
i sejhco
sejhco `och
`och seselr
seselrhmi
hmi perhwht
perhwht kechju
kechjujhm
jhm pemijh
pemijhfoh
fohm
m
psojlslsohc seahrh jesecurubhm terkhsuj ghjtlr seperto 6 plch

perochju, rowhyht pemihmohyhhm gosoj dhm peyhchbiumhhm zht,

pemdodojhm, rowhyht pejerfhhm dhm systek pemdujumi slsohc
umtuj kemiethbuo ghjtlr rosojl terbhdhp jejerhshm perslmhc dhm
comijumihm.
`) ^emyhchbiumhhm Vht
^emyhc
^emyhchbi
hbiumh
umhhm
hm zht seahrh
seahrh chmisu
chmisumi
mi khupum
khupum todhj
todhj chmisu
chmisumi
mi
`erperhm terbhdhp klrthcoths dhm klr`ocoths phdh dewhsh hwhc.
Omtljsojhso phdh dewhsh hwhc dhpht kemye`h`jhm aederh `erht
dhchk jeaechjhhm jedhrhhm `erkltlr yhmi dhpht kemihjo`htjh
kemihjo`htjhm
m

jekhtohm
jekhtohm hthu
hthu jeahaht
jeahahthm
hm perkhm
perkhmem.
em. ^emyhc
^emyhchbi
hbiumh
umhm
m phdh
phdh l`ht
l`ht
stokuchm
stokuchm dhm depresh
depreshm
m yhmi
yhmi (–uppe
(–upper‛)
r‛) dhpht
dhpht kemejhm
kemejhm systek
systek
jhrdol
jhrdolvhsj
vhsjuce
ucerr dhm persyh
persyhrhgh
rhghm
m yhmi
yhmi dhpht
dhpht kecuhs
kecuhs sebomi
sebomiih
ih
kemye`h`jhm jekhtohm.
^emyhchbiumhhm zht todhj sechcu dhpht dodohilsh, jbususmyh phdh
thbhp hwhc. Omglrkhso yhmi pemtomi kumijom doperlceb demihm
kek`uh
kek`uhtt perthm
perthmyhh
yhhm
m yhmi
yhmi spesogo
spesogoj
j temthm
temthmi
i khshchb
khshchb kedos
kedos do
khsh chcu, peru`hbhm khsujhm khjhmhm, plch todur hthu khshchb
ch`ocoths
ch`ocoths eklso. Chplrhm pemhmijhphm
pemhmijhphm jhremh
jhremh kemiekudo
kemiekudo shht

om
omtl
tljs
jsoj
ojhso
hso,, pe
pemi
mihmo
hmohy
hyhhm
hhm ostro
ostro dh
dhm
m hm
hmhj
hj hthu
hthu pe
pero
rochj
chju
u yh
yhmi
mi
 kech
echmiihr perhturhm umtuj keker
ekeroojsh jekumijomhm
pemyhchbiumhhm l`ht seahrh aerkht (Yomier,
(Yomier, Blgkhk dhm
Yllds, 8??0).
a) Jebhko
Jebhkochm
chm yhmi
yhmi todhj
todhj doomio
doomiomjh
mjhm
m

Jebhkochm yhmi todhj doremahmhjhm kesjopum ce`ob ukuk terfhdo

phdh khsh rekhfh, se`hmyhj 55% jekhkochm terfhdo
ter fhdo phdh whmoth
dewhsh hwhc dhm temihb (Hchm Iuttkhaber
Iuttkhaber Omstotute).
Omstotute). Jebhkochm
yhmi
yhmi to
todh
dhj
j dore
dorema
mahm
hmhj
hjhm
hm dh
dhph
phtt kekp
kekpum
umyh
yhoo eg
egej
ej goso
gosoj
j dh
dhm
m
eklsolmhc fhmijh phmfhmi phdh khsh hwhc dewhsh. Jebhkochm
yhmi todhj doremahmhjhm hdhchb suk`er stress yhmi `erjechmfuthm.
Qeromi
Qeromi jhco dewhsh
dewhsh hwhc yhmi
yhmi kekpum
kekpumyho
yho tufuhm
tufuhm pemdod
pemdodojh
ojhm,
m,
jhroer dhm kemiuthkhjhm perjek`hmihm jecuhrihmyh. Ihmiiuhm
phdh tufuhm terse`ut dhpht kekpemihrubo bu`umihm khsh dephm

dhm bu`umihm lrhmi tuh-hmhj mhmtomyh

d) ^emyhj
^emyhjot
ot Kemu
Kemuchr
chr Qejs
Qejsuhc
uhc (^KQ)
(^KQ)
^emyhjot kemuchr sejsuhc yhotu sogocos, jchkodoh, ilmlre, berpes
iemothc dhm HODQ. ^emyhjot sejuhc kemuchr kekpumyho egej yhmi
aepht seperto jecuhrmyh rh`hs, jetodhjmyhkhmhm dhm omgejso. ^KQ
fuih kekoau ihmiiuhm jrlmos yhmi dohjo`htjhm pemyhjot berpes
iemothc, omgertocoths yhmi dohjo`htjhm ilmlre hthu `hbjhm jekhtohm
yhmi
yhmi dose`h
dose`h`jh
`jhm
m HODQ.
HODQ. ^emyhj
^emyhjot
ot omo dhpht
dhpht terfhdo
terfhdo phdh
phdh lrhmi
lrhmi
yhmi hjtog seahrh sejsuhc dhm doperjorhjhm bhkpor duh pertoih

jhsus ^KQ terfhdo

jhsus terfhdo phdh
phdh omdovod
omdovodu
u `eruso
`erusohh hmthrh
hmthrh 85-04
85-04 thbum
thbum
(Joccolm,8??4).
e) Ghjtlr
Ghjtlr Comiju
Comijumih
mihm
m dhm
dhm ^eje
^ejerfhh
rfhhm
m
Ghjtlr
Ghjtlr comiju
comijumih
mihm
m dhm pejerfh
pejerfhhm
hm yhmi
yhmi ukuk
ukuk yhotu
yhotu 6 phphrhm
phphrhm
terbhdhp phrtojec udhrh yhmi dhpht kemye`h`jhm pemyhjot phru
dhm jhmjer. ^emyhjot phru yhmi terkhsuj socojlsos `erhshc dhro
ombhchs
ombhchsoo `edhj
`edhj hthu de`u socojl
socojlm
m dhm ekgosek
ekgosekhh jhremh
jhremh jhmjer
jhmjer
dose`h
dose`h`jh
`jhm
m phphrhm
phphrhm temthm
temthmi
i pejhrfh
pejhrfhhm
hm dhpht
dhpht kemyerh
kemyerhmi
mi phru,
phru,
bhto, lthj, dhrhb hthu jucot. ^erthmyhhm temthmi phphrhm pejerfhhm
 terbhdh
terbhdhp
p `hbhm-
`hbhm-`hb
`hbhm
hm `er`hb
`er`hbhyh
hyh bhrus
bhrus kemfhd
kemfhdoo `hiohm
`hiohm rutom
rutom
pemijhfohm perhwht.
`. Ihyh Bodup
Je`ohsh
Je`ohshhm
hm ihyh
ihyh bodup
bodup seperto
seperto kerljl
kerljlj,
j, stres,
stres, jurhmi
jurhmi chrie
chrie dhm

boioemee perslm
boioem perslmhc
hc yhmi
yhmi `uruj
`uruj kemomi
kemomijht
jhtjhm
jhm rosojl
rosojl pemyhj
pemyhjot
ot do khsh
khsh
dephm. Powhyht pemyhjot dhchk jecuhrih seperto jhrdolvhsjuchr, iomfhc,
emdljr
emdljrom
om hthu melpch
melpchstoj
stoj kemomi
kemomijht
jhtjhm
jhm rosojl
rosojl pemyhj
pemyhjot
ot fuih.
fuih. ^erhm
^erhm
perhwht dhchk kemomijhtjhm jesebhthm yhotu kemiodemtogojhso ghjtlr
yhmi kemomijhtjhm rosojl khshchb jesebhthm phdh dewhsh hwhc.
Kerljlj hdhchb ghjtlr rosojl pemyhjot phru, fhmtumi dhm vhsjuchr
yhmi dojethbuo demihm `hoj phdh perljlj dhm lrhmi yhmi kemiboshp
hshp rljlj. Ombhchso plcuthm rljlj kemomijhtjhm rosojl jhmjer phru-
phru, ekgosekh dhm `rlmjbotos jrlmos. Mojltom phdh tek`hjhu hdhchb

vhsljlmtrojtlr
vhsljlmtrojtlr yhmi `ejerfh
`ejerfh phdh hrtero jlrlmer,
jlrlmer, dhrhb kemomijhtjhm
kemomijhtjhm
rosojl pemyhjot hmiomh, omghrj koljhrd dhm hrtero jlrlmer. Mojltom fuih
kemye`h`jhm pemyekpothm vhsljlmstrojso peroger dhm kekoau khshchb
vhsjuchr.
Qtres chkh kemomijhtjhm wehr hmd gehr phdh jhphsoths hdhptog tu`ub.
^lch
^lch chto
chtobh
bhm
m dh
dhph
phtt kekp
kekpem
emih
ihru
rubo
bo sthtu
sthtuss je
jeseb
sebht
hthm
hm.. Chto
Chtobh
bhm
m yh
yhmi
mi
dochjujhm terus-kemerus kemomijhtjhm grejuemso mhdo sechkh 85 shkpho
0> kemot 1 jhco sekomiiu kemomijhtjhm gumiso jhrdolpucklmhc demihm
kemuru
kemurumjh
mjhm
m rhth-rht
rhth-rhthh tejhmh
tejhmhm
m dhrhb
dhrhb dhm demyut
demyut fhmtum
fhmtumi.
i. Qechom
Qechom otu

chtobhm kemurumjhm jeaemderumihm kudhb cechb omslkmoh, jeteihmihm

dhm oroth`o
oroth`ocoth
coths.
s. ^erhwh
^erhwhtt bhrus
bhrus kechju
kechjujhm
jhm pemijh
pemijhfoh
fohm
m kusju
kusjucls
clsjce
jcethc
thc
seahr
seahrhh kemy
kemyecu
ecuru
rub,
b, terk
terkhs
hsuj
uj kl`o
kl`ocot
coths
hs se
semd
mdoo dh
dhm
m tl
tlmu
muss lt
ltlt
lt,, dh
dhm
m
pemijhfohm psojlslsohc umtuj kemomijhtjhm tlcerhmso terbhdhp stres
dhchk kememtujhm egej-egej chtobhm.
^hdhh sekuh
^hd sekuh jeclkp
jeclkplj
lj usoh,
usoh, je`ohsh
je`ohshhm
hm boioem
boioemee perslm
perslmhc
hc phdh
phdh dewhsh
dewhsh
hwhc dhpht kemfhdo ghjtlr rosojl. Kekomfhkjhm perhchthm khjhm demihm
seselrhmi yhmi kekpumyho pemyhjot yhmi kudhb kemuchr kemomijhtjhm
rosojl pemyhjot. Boioeme ioio yhmi `uruj kemomijhtjhm rosojl pemyhjot

peroldlmthc.
 Powhyht pemyhjot dhchk jecuhrih kemekphtjhm dewhsh hwhc phdh rosojl
`erjek`hmimyh pemyhjot phdh khsh dewhsh temihb hthu dewhsh hjbor.
Almtlbmyh, selrhmi proh kudh yhmi hyhb dhm jhjej dhro hyhbmyh yhmi
kekp
kekpum
umyh
yhoo om
omgh
ghrj
rj kolj
koljhr
hrd
d (s
(serh
erhmi
mihm
hm fh
fhmt
mtum
umi)
i),, ph
phdh
dh us
usoh
oh 5>
5>-hm
-hm

kekpumyho
kekpum yho rosojl
rosojl omghrj
omghrj koljhr
koljhrdd do khsh dephm.
dephm. Hdhmyh
Hdhmyh pemyhj
pemyhjot
ot
jr
jrlm
lmoj
oj terte
tertemt
mtuu dh
dhch
chk
k je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih kemo
kemomi
mijh
jhtj
tjhm
hm rosoj
rosojl
l `h
`hio
io hm
hmii
iilt
lthh
jecuhrih terbhdhp perjek`hmihm pemyhjot otu. Posojl pemyhjot jecuhrih
fechs keruphjhm pemyhjot beredoter. Jurhmimyh jephtubhm umtuj
pekerojshhm sjromomi rutom dhpht kemekphtjhm jcoem phdh rosojl
pemyhjot `erht jhremh jeihihchm detejso domo.
a. Omgert
rtoocoths
Omgertocoths hdhchb jetodhjkhkpuhm jlmsepso omvlcumter phdh proh, whmoth
hthu phshmihm

A. HQUBHM JE^EPHYHTHM JECUHPIH DEYHQH

8. ^emijhfohm
H. Dhth
Dhth Ukuk
Ukuk Jecuh
Jecuhri
rih
h
8. Jephch
Jephch Jecuhr
Jecuhrih
ih (JJ)
(JJ) 6 Quphmi
Quphmiht
ht
0. Usoh
Usoh 6 44 thbu
thbum
m
1. Tekpht, thmiihc
thmiihc chbor 6 Irl`lihm
Irl`lihm,, 0> hiustus
hiustus 8?97
4. Hchkht
Hchkht 6 Dsm.
Dsm. Myurum
Myurumihm
ihm >0/>9
>0/>9 Ds. kemdur
kemdurhm
hm
5. Mlkl
Mlklrr te
tece
cepl
plm
m 6-
7. Hihkh 6 Osc
schhk

9. Quju 6 Fhwh
2. ^ejerfhhm Jephch Jecuhih 6 @urub ph`roj
?. ^em
emd
dodojhm Jephch Jec
Jecu
uhrih 6 QK
QK^
8>. Jlkplsoso
Jlkplsoso Jecuhrih
Jecuhrih dhm Iemlirhk
Ml Mhkh Hmiilth jecuhrih
8 Quphmiht Jephch jecuhrih
0 Qubhrmo Ostro
1 Doyhb hyu omdroyhmo Hmhj per
erth
thk
kh
4 Hdroyhm dwo Hmhj jeduh
murahbylml
5 Dodoj royhdo Kemhmtu
7 Hbkhd Mhtbhm hcghbrozo Auau
Tm.
Tm. My.Q

Hm.D Hm.P

A.M

88.
88. To
Tope
pe jecuhrih omo terkhsuj tope jecuhrih
jecuhrih `eshr (Extemded Ghkocy
Ghkocy))
jhremh dhchk shtu rukhb terdhpht jecuhrih omto dothk`hb jecuhrih
chom yhotu kemhmtu dhm auau.
80. Quju @hmish Tm.
Tm. Q dhm My.
My. Q `erhshc dhro suju fhwh, khjh jecuhrih.
@hbhsh yhmi doiumhjhm sebhro-bhro hdhchb @hbhsh fhwh.
81. Hihkh
Hihkh Qecuru
Qecurub
b hmiilt
hmiilthh jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih Tm. Q hdhchb
hdhchb Osc
Oschk.
hk. Kemurut
Kemurut
jep
eper
erah
ahyh
yhhm
hm ker
erej
ejhh os
osch
chk
k hd
hdhc
hchb
hb hi
hihk
hkhh yhm
hmi
i `em
emhr
hr dhm
kemihfhrjhm je`hojhm.
84. Qthtus
Qthtus Qlsohc Ejlmlko
Ejlmlko Jecuhrih

Jephch jecuhr
Jephch jecuhrih
ih `ejerfh
`ejerfh dhm kemhgj
kemhgjhbo
hbo jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih se`hiho
se`hiho `urub
`urub
ph`roj `erhs. Hmhj
Hmhj perthkh se`hiho o`u rukhb thmiih kek`hmtu My
Q dh
dhchk
chk kemiu
kemiuru
russ ru
rukh
khb
b serth
serth kemiur
kemiurus
us shtu hmhjm
hmhjmyh
yh,, dh
dhm
m
kemhmtu `erjerfh kemhgjhbo hmhjmyh. Ostro Tm. Q kerhsh pemibhsochm
jecuhrih sudhb aujup umtuj jepercuhm sebhro-bhro dhm kemh`umi
um
umtu
tuj
j `ohy
`ohyhh pe
pemd
mdod
odoj
ojhm
hm hm
hmhj
hjmy
myhh jh
jhre
remh
mh hm
hmhj
hj je
jedu
duhh sedhm
sedhmi
i
kemfhchmo
kemfhchmo pemdodojhm
pemdodojhm.. Qedhmijhm
Qedhmijhm hmhj perthkh dhm jecuhrihm
jecuhrihmyh
yh
hjhm seierh `erpomdhb rukhb dhm kekoshbjhm doro phdh thbum dephm
mhkum umtuj shht omo khshchb yi dohchko jecuhrih yhotu terjhot dhmh

dhch
dhchk
k pek`
pek`hm
hmiu
iumh
mhm
m ru
rukh
khb
b mhku
mhkum
m Tm Q dh
dhm
m ostr
ostroo `e
`eru
rush
shbh
bh
 kemiukpucjhm uhmi. Jecuhrih kekocojo ghsocoths yhmi shmiht `hoj
do ru
rukh
khb.
b. Jecu
Jecuhr
hrih
ih keko
kekoco
cojo
jo shrhm
shrhmhh trhms
trhmspl
plrt
rthso
hso ekph
ekphtt `u
`uhb
hb
jemdhrhhm kltlr dhm 0 sepedh.
85. Hjtovoths
Hjtovoths Pejrehso Jecuhrih
Jecuhrih

@ohshmyh jecuhrih hjhm `erjukpuc shht khjhm khchk setohp bhromyh

jhdhmi todhj sekuh jhremh Tm Q jerfh cek`ur. Fhdo whjtu `erjukpuc
demihm
demihm sekuh
sekuh hmiilt
hmiilthh jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih cemijh
cemijhp
p terihm
terihmtum
tumi
i sotuhs
sotuhsoo dhm
jlmdoso. Qesejhco fuih jecuhrih perio umtuj
umtuj sejedhr fhchm-fhchm hthu
kek`eco je`utubhm rukhb thmiih `ershkh hthu khjhm docuhr rukhb.
Umtuj co`urhm bhmyh kemlmtlm `e`erhph gock dorukhb.
@. Powhyht
Powhyht dhm Thbh
Thbhp
p ^erjek`hm
^erjek`hmihm
ihm Jecuhri
Jecuhrih
h
h. Thbhp
hbhp ^erje
^erjek`h
k`hmih
mihm
m Jecuh
Jecuhri
rihh shht
shht omo
Thbhp
Thbhp perjek
perjek`hm
`hmihm
ihm jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih omo hdhchb
hdhchb jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih demihm
demihm hmhj
hmhj

dewhsh hthu peceph

dewhsh pecephshm
shm (Cluma
(Clumabom
bomi
i Aemter
Aemter Ghkocy
Ghkocy)) jhremh
jhremh hmhj
hmhj
perthkh sudhb kemojhb dhm hjhm seierh kemomiihcjhm rukhb.
rukhb.
`. Thbhp ^erjek`hmihm Jecuhrih yhmi
yhmi @ecuk Terpemubo
Terpemubo
Kekoshb hmhj perthkh hihr dhpht bodup khmdoro demihm jecuhrih
jeaocmyh, jeremh jemdhch `ohyh.
a. Po
Powh
whyht
yht Jese
Jesebh
bhth
thm
m Jecuh
Jecuhri
rihh Omto
Omto
- Powh
Powhyh
yhtt Jese
Jesebh
bhth
thm
m sh
shht
ht Om
Omo6
o6 shht
shht om
omoo je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih todhj
todhj kekoc
kekocoj
ojoo
jecubhm jesebhthm yhmi serous, bhmyh peihc setechb `ejerfh dhm
gcu jhremh auhah mhkum dhpht dohthso demihm `hoj.

- Po
Powh
whyh
yhtt ^emy
^emyhj
hjot
ot Jetur
Jeturum
umhm
hm66 je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih Tm Q todhj
todhj kekpum
kekpumyho
yho
pemyhjot kemurum
d. Powhyht
Powhyht Jesebht
Jesebhthm
hm Khsomi
Khsomi-khs
-khsomi
omi66
Ml Mhkh Jehdhhm Qthtus Powhyht pemyhjot
jesebhthm okumoshso
8 Quphmiht Qeb
ebhht Todhj ter
erj
jhf
hfoo - Dekh
ekhk
- Jececeechbhm
0 Qubhrmo Qeb
ebhht Todhj ter
erj
jhf
hfoo - Gcu
- @htuj
- Je
Jece
cech
chbh
bhm
m
1 Doyh
Doyhb
b hy
hyu
u Qe
Qebh
bhtt Tod
odhj
hj te
terj
rjhf
hfoo Tod
odhj
hj hd
hdhh
 omdroyhmo
4 Hdroyhm dwo Qebht
Qebht Todhj
odhj terjhfo
terjhfo - D@D
D@D
murahbylml - Om
Omgej
gejso
so shcur
shcurhm
hm
permhphshm
5 Dod
Dodoj ro
roy
yhdo
hdo Qeb
Qebht Tod
odhj
hj te
terj
rjhf
hfoo - Typu
puss
7 Hbkhd sebht Todhj terjhfo Todhj hdh
Mhtbhm
hcghbrozo
- Tm Q kerl
kerljl
jlj,
j, jhd
jhdhm
hmi
i sebh
sebhro
ro `osh
`osh kemi
kemibh
bh`o
`osj
sjhm
hm 8 `u
`umi
miju
juss
rljlj, hph`och todhj kerljlj Tm. Q kerhsh kucutmyh jeaut.
- Hmiilt
Hmiilthh jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih todhj
todhj hdh
hdh yhmi
yhmi sedhm
sedhmi
i bhkoc,
bhkoc, mhku
mhkum
m do ruk
rukhb
hb
terdhpht `hyo `erukur jurhmi ce`ob 0 `uchm.
e. Powhyht
Powhyht Jesebhth
Jesebhthm
m Jecuhr
Jecuhrih
ih Qe`ecu
Qe`ecukmyh
kmyh Jephch jecuhrih
jecuhrih
Jecu
Jecuhr
hrih
ih fhrhm
fhrhmi
i hd
hdhh yh
yhmi
mi shjot,
shjot, jh
jhch
chu
u shjot
shjot pu
pum
m bh
bhmy
myhh jh
jhrem
remhh

jecechbhm setechb `ejerfh.

g. Quk`
Quk`erer ^echy
^echyhm
hmhm
hm Jeseb
Jesebhth
hthm
m
- Quk`er
Quk`er pech
pechyhm
yhmhm
hm jeseb
jesebhthm
hthm yhmi
yhmi `ohsh
`ohsh doium
doiumhjh
hjhm
m hdhchb
hdhchb `odhm
`odhm
& perhwht terdejht dhro rukhb, prhjtej dljter terdejht, dhm
`e`rhph rukhb shjot do purwldhdo. ^ekocobhm pechyhmhm
jesebhthm terihmtumi demihm sotuhso dhm jlmdoso yhmi dobhdhpo.
- O`
O`u
u kech
kechbo
borj
rjhm
hm hmhj
hmhj perth
perthkh
khmy
myhh do rukhb
rukhb de
demi
mihm
hm `hmtu
`hmtuhm
hm
dujum `hyo serth rutom perojsh do pusjeskhs setohp `uchm. Umtuj
hmhj jeduh o`u kechborjh do `odhm terdejht.

- Jecuhr
Jecuhrih
ih todhj
todhj keko
kekocoj
cojoo hsurhm
hsurhmso
so jeseb
jesebhthm
hthm dhro
dhro tekpht
tekpht `eje
`ejerfh
rfh
jephch jecuhrih.

A. ^emijh
^emijhfoh
fohm
m Comijumi
Comijumihm
hm
h. Jhrh
Jhrhjt
jter
eros
osto
toj
j Puk
Pukhb
hb
- Fukchb
Fukchb ruhmi
ruhmihm6
hm6 Terd
Terdhph
hphtt shtu ruhm
ruhmi
i thku,
thku, duh
duh ruhmi
ruhmi jecuh
jecuhri
rihh
yhmi doiumhjhm umtuj `erjukpuc, toih `uhb jhkhr todur, shtu
 dhpur yhmi doiumhjhm umtuj kekhshj dhm kemauao poromi, shtu
jhkhr khmdo.
- Quk`
Quk`er
er hor
hor komuk
komuk66 hor jrh
jrhm/
m/ cede
cedemi
mi yhm
yhmi
i dokh
dokhshj
shj..
- ^erh
^erh`l
`lth
thm
m rukhb
rukhb yhmi
yhmi tersed
tersedoh
oh sudhb
sudhb auju
aujup
p umtuj
umtuj keke
kekemu
mubo
bo

je`utubhm jecuhrih.
- Terdhph
erdhphtt `e`erh
`e`erhph
ph tuk`u
tuk`ubhm
bhm yhmi
yhmi dothm
dothmhk
hk do
do dephm
dephm rukh
rukhb.
b.
- Pukh
Pukhb
b terco
tercobh
bhtt dhchk
dhchk je
jehdh
hdhhm
hm rhp
rhpob
ob dhm
dhm `ers
`ersob
ob
- Ter
erdh
dhph
phtt tekp
tekpht
ht sh
shkp
kphb
hb do dhchk
dhchk ru
ruhm
hmih
ihm
m dh
dhm
m pe
pek`
k`uh
uhmi
mihm
hm
shkphb hjbor `erhdh do cuhr rukhb yhmi setohp bhromyh do`hjhr.
do`hjhr.
- @hmium
@hmiumhm
hm rukh
rukhb
b perkhm
perkhmem
em demih
demihm
m vemto
vemtochso
chso yhmi
yhmi aujup
aujup `hoj
`hoj

`. Jhrhjterostoj Tethmiih
Tethmiih dhm Jlkumoths PY
PY
- @ohshm
@ohshmyh
yh `erom
`eromterh
terhjso
jso demi
demihm
hm tethm
tethmiih
iih shht
shht `erp
`erphph
hphshm
shm,, `erteku
`erteku

do tujh
tujhmi
mi sh
shyu
yurr, hd
hdhh ha
hahr
hrhh sy
syuj
ujur
urhm
hm do sh
shch
chb
b sh
shtu
tu ru
rukh
khb
b
tethmiih.
- Umtu
Umtuj
j jehk
jehkhmh
hmh comi
comiju
jumi
mihm
hm du
ducu
cu ter
terdh
dhph
phtt sosj
sosjhkc
hkcom
omi
i mhk
mhkum
um
sejhrhmi sudhb todhj fhchm chio.
- Hdh
Hdh fuih
fuih jhrhm
jhrhmi
i thrumh
thrumh `ohshm
`ohshmyh
yh rekhf
rekhfhh yhmi
yhmi `ersej
`ersejlc
lchb
hb skp-
skp-
jucohb
jucohb yhmi
yhmi hjhm
hjhm kemfhd
kemfhdoo phmoto
phmotoh-p
h-phmot
hmotoh
oh hahrh
hahrh seperto
seperto 89hm,
89hm,
khucod mh`o, kek`hmiumjhm shbur shht Phkhdbhm, dhm chom-
chom.
- _hs
hsom
omhm
hm umtu
mtuj oo`
`u-o
-o`
`u

- Hro
rosshm comijumihm
- Hdh plsyhmdu.
- Qese
Qesej
jhco
hco hd
hdh jer
jerfh
fh `hjt
`hjtoo
- @ohshm
@ohshmyh
yh dohdh
dohdhjhm
jhm suk`
suk`hmi
hmihm
hm umtu
umtuj
j per`ho
per`hojhm
jhm fhch
fhchm,
m, kemie
kemieaht
aht
tek`lj ihmi/kek`uht ihpurh, dejlrhso fojh hdh hahrh seperto
khucod, hiustushm, dhm chom-chom

a. Qoste
Qostek
k ^emdu
^emduju
jumi
mi Jecu
Jecuhr
hrih
ih
 - Jecu
Jecuhr
hrih
ih terd
terdor
oroo dhro
dhro 0 lr
lrhm
hmi
i hmhj,
hmhj, 8 kemhm
kemhmtu
tu,, dh
dhm
m 8 auau.
auau.
Kekocojo
Kekocojo aujup `hmyhj
`hmyhj shmhj shudhrh yhmi khsob tomiihc
tomiihc do
dherhb tekpht tomiihc.
- Ghsoco
Ghsocoths
ths umtuj
umtuj kemu
kemumfh
mfhmi
mi jeseb
jesebhthm
hthm66 `erhdh
`erhdh dejh
dejhtt demihm
demihm push
pushtt

perejlmlkohm, `hmyhj tekpht chyhmhm jesebhthm, dhm fuih

kekocojo jemdhrhhm pro`hdo.
d. ^lch
^lch Jl
Jlku
kumo
mojhs
jhsoo Jecuh
Jecuhri
rihh
Qekuh hmiilth jecuhrih `e`hs kemiekujhjhm pemdhpht.
Tethpo umtuj suhtu jeputushm hjhm dopeihmi lceb jephch jecuhrih.
Jlkumojhso dochjujhm seahrh chmisumi dhm terjhdhmi fojh `e`erhph
hmiilth jecuhrih sedhmi docuhr rukhb jlkumojhso kechcuo abht.
e. Qtru
Qtrujt
jtur
ur Jeju
Jejuht
hthm
hm Jec
Jecuh
uhri
rihh
Hyhb dhm o`u `ersoght teihs dhchk kemihwhso jeiohthm hmhj-hmhj

teruthkh dhchk pemdodojhm dhm jesebhthm.

g. Qtr
tru
ujtu
jtur ^er
erhm
hm
- Hyhb6
yhb6 kemahro
kemahro mhgj
mhgjhb,
hb, kemd
kemdodo
odoj
j hmhj-h
hmhj-hmhj
mhj,, kemfhd
kemfhdoo jephch
jephch
jecuh
ecuhrrih,
ih, pekei
ekeihm
hmi
i je
jeju
juhs
hshh
hhm
m te
tert
rtom
omi
iio doru
orukhb
hb,,
pekeihmi jeputushm dorukhb.
- O`u6 kemfhko
hkom se
sek
kuh je`utubhm jec
ecu
uhrih, kem
emi
ihtur
jeuhmihm dorukhb, kemdodoj hmhj-hmhj.
- Hmhj
mhj per
erth
thkh
kh66 kek`h
ek`hm
mtu kem
kemiu
iuru
russ ru
ruk
khb th
thmi
miih
ih dh
dhm
m
kemiurus hmhjmyh

- Hmhj
mhj jed
jeduh
uh66 kem
kemahahro
ro ocku
ocku..
- Kemh
Kemhmt
mtu
u 6 `ej
`ejerf
erfhh umtu
umtuj j do th
th`u
`umi
mi khm
khmdo
doro
ro..
i. Moch
Mochoo hthu
hthu mlr
mlrkh
kh jec
jecuh
uhri
rihh
Kemfhchmjhm hturhm dhm mlrkh yhmi `erchju do Meihrh dhm Hihkh.
Umtuj jesebhthm semdoro ce`ob je `erdlh dhm ojbtohrmyh.

0. Gumiso jecuhrih
h. Gu
Gumi
miso
so Hgej
Hgejto
togg
 Yhchupum todhj hdh perhturhm tersemdoro dhchk jecuhrih mhkum hyhb
dhm o`u `ersojhp
`ersojhp teihs, sechcu kemdodoj umtuj shcomi kemihfhrjhm
kemihfhrjhm dhm
kemibhriho yhmi ce`ob tuh dhm kemyhyhmio yhmi ce`ob kudh.
`. Gumiso Qlsohcoshso

Jecuhrih `eromterhjso seahrh chmisumi jhremh tomiihc dhchk shtu rukhb

yhmi shkh.
a. Gum
Gumiso
iso ^erhw
^erhwhthm
hthm Jeseb
Jesebhth
hthm
m
- Khshc
Khshchb
hb je
jeseb
sebhth
hthm
m dorhs
dorhshj
hjhm
hm lc
lceb
eb je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih6 jec
jecechb
echbhm
hm yhmi
yhmi
dohchko jephch jecuhrih dhm ostromyh, dhm hdhmyh pemyhjot kusokhm
seperto D@D, dhm gcu yhmi kemuchr.
- Jekhkpuhm
Jekhkpuhm jecuhrih
jecuhrih kemfhmijhu
kemfhmijhu ghsocoths jesebhthm6
jesebhthm6 Jecuhrih
Jecuhrih
dh
dhph
phtt kemf
kemfhm
hmij
ijhu
hu ghsoc
ghsocoth
othss je
jeseb
sebht
hthm
hm de
demi
mihm
hm kudh
kudhb,
b, jh
jhre
remh
mh
ghsocoth
ghsocothss jesebh
jesebhthm
thm do dejht
dejht rukhb
rukhb aujup
aujup `hmyhj
`hmyhj dhm jecuhr
jecuhrih
ih

kekocojo jemdhrhhm pro`hdo.

- Jecuhrih
Jecuhrih shmiht kekperahyho
kekperahyho temhih jesebhthm jhremh terdhpht
terdhpht
jerh`htt demihm
jerh`h demihm temhih jesebhthm,
jesebhthm, bomiih
bomiih sefhub omo jecuhrih
jecuhrih todhj
kekocojo
kekocojo phmdhmihm
phmdhmihm meihtog terbhdhp
terbhdhp perhwhthm
perhwhthm jesebhthm
jesebhthm yhmi
dope
doperc
rcuj
ujhm
hm sechk
sechkhh todh
todhj
j kemo
kemok`
k`uc
ucjh
jhm
m je
jeru
ruio
iohm
hm sepet
sepetoo cu
cujh
jh
thk`hbhm, trhukh, egej shkpomi `erce`obhm, dhm chom-chom.
- Jecuhrih kekocojo ghsocoths jesebhthm umtuj pertlclmihm perthkh
seperto l`ht-l`hthm dhshr dhm hcht jesebhthm seperto terklketer.
d. Gum
Gumiso
iso reprld
reprlduj
ujso
so

- @erhph fu
fukchb hhm
mhj6 0
- Ketlde
Ketlde hph
hph yhmi
yhmi doiu
doiumhj
mhjhm
hm jecu
jecuhri
hrihh dhchk
dhchk uphy
uphyhh kemiem
kemiemdhc
dhcojh
ojhm
m
fukchb hmiilth jecuhrih6 J@
e. Gu
Gumi
miso
so ejl
ejlml
mlko
ko
Jecuhrih kerhsh aujup dhchk kekemubo je`utubhm shmdhmi, phmihm,
dhm phphm, dhchk kek`oyho hmhj sejlchb dhm fuih jesebhthm. Jecuhrih
kekhmghhtjhm suk`er yhmi hdh do khsyhrhjht seperto plsyhmdu.

1. Qtres dhm jlpomi jecuhrih

h. Qtresl
Qtreslrr ffhmi
hmijh
jh phmfhm
phmfhmi
i dhm
dhm pemdej
pemdej
 - Qtr
tres
eslr
lr fhm
fhmij
ijhh pemd
emdej
- Qtr
tres
eslr
lr fhm
fhmij
ijhh phm
phmfh
fhmi
mi 6
 Kekoshb hmhj perthkh hihr dhpht bodup khmdoro demihm jecuhrih
jeaocmyh, jeremh jemdhch `ohyh.

`. Jekhkpuhm jecuhrih `eresplm terbhdhp sotuhso hthu streslr

Jecuhrih khkpu kemihthso khshchb, bomiih shht omo sedojot deko sedojot
khshchb sudhb terhthso.
a. Qtrhte
Qtrhteio
io jlpomi
jlpomi yhmi
yhmi doiu
doiumhj
mhjhm
hm
Koshcjhm hdh stresslr yhmi kemiihmiiu khjh jecuhrih kemerokh
hph hdhmyh dhm jeuhrih kemihmiihp stresslr terse`ut se`hiho jewhfo`hm
yh
yhmi
mi bh
bhru
russ dochj
dochjshm
shmhj
hjhm
hm.. Fhdo
Fhdo je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih todh
todhj
j kerhs
kerhshh stres
stressl
slrr otu
otu
kek`erhtjhm. Jecuhrih fuih perahyh `hbwh sekuh khshchb phsto hdh
fhchm jecuhrmyh fojh khu `erdlh dhm `erushbh.

4. Bhrhphm Jecuhrih
Qeklih pechyhmhm jesebhthm ce`ob `hius

5. Hmhcosh Dhth
ML Q_KTBLK ETOLCLO ^PL@CEK
8 DQ 6 Jesohphm
- Kekoshb hmhj pemomijhthm kemfhdo
perthkh hihr dhpht lrhmi tuh

bodup khmdoro
dem
emi
ihm jecuh
uhrrih
jea
eaoocmyh, jeremh
jemdhch `ohyh.
- @erushbh
kemiukpucjhm
uhmi
0 DQ 6 ^ekocob
^ekocobhm
hm ihyh
ihyh bodup
bodup ^ero
^erochj
chju
u je
jeseb
sebhth
hthm
m
- Tm Q kerljlj, todhj sebht aemderumi `eresojl
jh
jhdh
dhmi
mi se
sebh
bhro
ro `osh
`osh
kemibh`osjhm 8
 `umijus rljlj,
hph`och todhj
kerljlj Tm. Q
ker
erhs
hshh kucut
ucutm
myh

jeaut.
- Hmhj jeduh
kekpum
kekpumyho
yho rowhtht
rowhtht
omgejso shcurhm
permhphshm
DL6
Do rukhb terdhpht `hyo
`erukur jurhmi ce`ob 0
`uchm.

7. Pukushm Dohimlsh
8. ^erochju
^erochju Jesebhthm
Jesebhthm Aemder
Aemderumi
umi @eresojl
@eresojl `.d
`.d pekocobhm
pekocobhm ihyh
ihyh bodup
bodup todhj
todhj
sebht yhmi do`ujtojhm Tm. Q kerljlj sebhro dhpht kembh`oshjhm 8
`umijus rljlj,
rljlj, fojh todhj kucut terhsh jeaut.
0. Jesoh
Jesohph
phm
m Kemf
Kemfhd
hdoo Lrhm
Lrhmi
i Tuh do
do`u
`ujt
jtoj
ojhm
hm de
demi
mihm
hm om
omio
iom
m keko
kekosh
shbj
bjhm
hm
hmhj perthkhmyh hihr bodup khmdoro mhkum, hdh jemdhch phdh `ohyh
dhm sedhmi `erushbh kemahro uhmi.

9. ^rolroths Khshchb
Dohimlsh 8 6
Ml. Jroteroh Qalre ^ek`emhrhm
8. Qoght Kh
Khsh
shcchb 6 Hjtuhc 0/1x8 ; Tm
Tm.. Q ce
ce`
`ob `ho
hoj
j kem
emiu
iurh
rhmi
mioo
 Hmahkhm 0/1 rljljmyh deko jesebhthmmyh dhm
jesebhthm jecuhrih.
0. Jekumijomhm Khshchb 0/0x0 ; 0 Tm. Q dhm jecuhr
hri
ih khu keru`h
dhpht dou`hb 6 ahrhh bo
ahr bodu
dup
p yh
yhmi
mi sh
shch
chb
b kemf
kemfhd
hdoo
 Kudhb sebht dhm `hoj.
1. ^ltemso Khshchb dhpht 0/1x8 ; Khshchbm dhpht do aeihb hph`oh

doaeihb 6 0/1 jecuhrih khu shcomi

  Aujup `erjlkumojhso dhm kekper`hojo
je`ohshhm bodup sebht `ershkh.
4 Kemlmfcmyh kh
khshchb 6 0/0
0/0x8 ; 8 Tm.
Tm. Q se
sero
romi
mi ker
kerl
ljl
jljj dhm dhp
dhpht
ht
 Khsh
Khshch
chb
b `erh
`erhtt kemi
kemibh
bh`o
`osh
shjh
jhm
m sh
shtu
tu `u
`umi
miju
juss

bhrus seierh dhchk sebhro, dhm hmhjmyh

dothmihmo keko
ke kocj
cjoo rowh
rowhyh
yhtt om
omge
gejs
jsoo ph
phdh
dh
shcurhm
shcurhm permhg
permhghm,
hm, khjh
khjh jecuhr
jecuhrhh
`utub pemhmihm seierh hihr dhpht
kekper`hojo plch bodup sebht.
Tlthc

Dohimlsh 0 6
Ml. Jroteroh Qalre ^ek`emhhm
8. Qoght kh
khshchb Hjtuhc 8/1x8 ; Je
Jecu
cuhr
hri
ih om
omio
iom
m kekos
ekoshb
hb hm
hmhj
hj

Jrosos 8/1 jeduhmyh
jeduhmyh yi sudhb
sudhb kemojh
kemojhb
b hihr
hihr
bodup
bodup khmdoro
khmdoro mhkum
mhkum jejurhmihm
jejurhmihm
`ohyh
0. Jekumijomhm khshchb 0/0x
/0x0 ; 0 Foj
Fojh jecu
jecuhr
hrih
ih khu
khu se
seah
ahrh
rh perch
perchbh
bhm
m
dhpht dou`hb 6 kemahro `ohyh demihm `ejerfh jerhs
 Demihm kudhb dhm tejum dhm `ershkh-shkh.
1. ^ltemso khshchb dhpht 0/1x8 ; Khsh
Khshchb
chb dhpht
dhpht terthmi
terthmihmo
hmo demihm
demihm
doaeihb 6 0/1 aujup fojh jecuhrih khu
 Aujup `erkusyhwhrhb umtuj kemahro
`ohyh hihr dhpht do `erojhm je phdh
hmhj kerejh yi sudhb kemojhb
4. Kemlmflcmyh Khshchb
chb 6 8/0x
8/0x8
8;» Khshc
Khshchb
hbmy
myhh dhph
dhphtt do thmih
thmihmo
mo seah
seahrh
rh
 hdh khshchb, `ershkh-shkh dhm perchbhm umtuj
tethpo todhj kemahro `ohyh.
percu seierh
dothmihmo
Tlthc

2. Pemahmh Hsubhm Jeperhwhth Jecuhrih

Dohimlsos Tufuhm jeperhwhthm Omtervemso jeperhwhthm
jeperhwhthm
 ( QDJO )
^erochju Qetechb dochjujhm Dujumihm `erbemto kerljlj
Jesebhthm omtervemso sechkh 1fhk  Kemiodemtogojhso jeomiomhm
Aemderumi khjh, perochju `erbemto kerljlj


@eresojl jesebhthm aemderumi Kekltovhso pek`erbemtohm

`eresojl kek`hoj kerljlj phdh hmiilth
demihm jroteroh bhsoc 6 jecuhrih
- Kemerokh  Kemdosjusojhm jesohphm
peru`hbhm sthtus peru`hbhm ihyh bodup sebht
jecuhrih  Kemfechsjhm egej chmisumi

- Khkpu dhchk pek`erbemtohm

kechjujhm kerljlj

pemaeihbhm

khshchb phdh Odemtogojhso rosojl

jecuhrih  Kemaopthjhm comijumihm

Kemahpho pemiemdhcohm yhmi sebht

jesebhthm jecuhrih  Kemiodemtogojhso rosojl

seahrh `erjhch kemiemho
`hbhyh kerljlj
 Kememtujhm ketlde
pek`erbemtohm kerljlj
yhmi `hoj


Kemiurhmio rljlj sedojot

deko sedojot
 Kemdljukemthsojhm
tekuhm pek`erbemtohm
kerljlj seahrh hjurht
Jesohphm Qetechb dochjujhm Dujumihm pemhkpochm perhm
^emomijhthm omtervemso sechkh 1 fhk  Kemiodemtogojhso khshchb
Kemfhdo khjh, perhm kemfhdo yhmi hdh dhchk jecuhrih
Lrhmi Tuh lrhmi tuh kek`hoj  Kek`hmtu `ohyh umtuj
demihm jroteroh bhsoc 6 pekoshbhm hmhj perthkmyh
 Kemdosjusojhm peru`hbhm
- @erperochju perhm umtuj todhj
plsotog kemfhdho terihmtumi phdh lrhmi tuh
perhm lrhmi tuh dhm `osh bodup khmdoro

- Jeomiomhm  Kek`hmtu pemihk`ochm

kemomijhtjhm jeputushm umtuj kemahpho

perhm kemfhdo tufuhm

lrhmi tuh  Kemdosjusojhm demihm

- Kekemubo hmiilth jecuhrih

je`utubhm gosoj `hihokhmh ahrh

hmhj/hmiilth kemdhphtjhm `ohyh umtuj

jecuhrih pekoshbhm hmhj

perthkhmyh

^rlklso jlpomi
 Kemiodemtogojhso
jekhkpuhm yhmi dokocojo
lceb jecuhrih
 Kemiodemtogojhso ahrh
umtuj kechjujhm
pekoshbhm hmhj
perthkhmyh umtuj bodup
ce`ob khmdoro

Kekltovhso hmhj umtuj
kemdhphtjhm `ohyh ce`ob
hihr dhpht kemahpho tufuhm
yhmi dobhrhpjhm
 Keco`htjhm jecuhrih umtuj
ojut dhchk kemahpho tufuhm
 Kemihfhrjhm jephdh hmhj
`hihokhmh ahrh
kemyeceshojhm khshchb

yhmi dobhdhpo lceb

 jecuhrih

@H@ OOO
^EMUTU^
H. Qokpuchm
Jecuhrih hjhm kemihchko peru`hbhm dhm pertuk`ubhm sephmfhmi
whjtu. Qetohp thbhp perjek`hmihm kekocojo thmthmihm, je`utubhm, dhm
suk`er khsomi-khsomi terkhsuj tuihs yhmi percu doseceshojhm se`ecuk
jecuhrih dhpht kemomijht je thbhp `erojutmyh demihm sujses. Demihm
hsubhm jeperhwhthm yhmi do`erojhm lceb temhih jesebhthm techb kek`hmtu
jecuhrih dhchk kemyeceshojhm tuihs-tuihs perjek`hmihm demihm chmahr
sesuho demihm thbhp perjek`hmihm jecuhrih dewhsh hwhc (kecephs hmhj
se`hi
se`hiho
ho de
dewh
whsh)
sh) sebom
sebomii
iihh dh
dhph
phtt kema
kemaop
opthj
thjhm
hm dh
dhm
m kekp
kekpert
erthb
hbhm
hmjh
jhm
m
`udhyh, kemomijhtjhm perjek`hmihm gosoj, psojlclios, dhm slsohc hmiilth
jecuhrih.
@. Qhrhm
Jeph
Jephdh
dh se
seto
tohp
hp jecu
jecuhr
hrih
ih do
dobh
bhrh
rhpj
pjhm
hm um
umtu
tuj
j kemi
kemiet
ethb
hbuo
uo dh
dhm
m
kekhbhko thbhp perjek`hmihm jecuhrih
jecuhrih thbhp hmhj usoh dewhsh hwhc ,
kekh
kekhbh
bhko
ko tuih
tuihs-
s-tu
tuih
ihss perj
perjek
ek`h
`hmi
mihm
hm je
jecu
cuhr
hrih
ih ph
phdh
dh th
thbh
bhp
p om
omo,
o,

perkhshchbhm-perkhshchbhm yhmi `ohsh terfhdo phdh thbhp omo, perhm dhm

thmiiumi fhwh` lrhmi tuh, dhm dhpht kekemubo cokh tuihs perhwhthm
jecuhr
jecuhrihm
ihmyh.
yh. Qerth
Qerth dhpht
dhpht kemyec
kemyecesho
eshojhm
jhm dhm kemahph
kemahphoo tufuhm
tufuhm thbhp
thbhp
perjek`mhihm jecuhrih demihm hmhj usoh dewhsh hwhc