Katalis Homogen
KH.dlm fasa gas
KH. Dlm larutan
Katalis Heterogen
k1
k-1
k2
X + Y
P + Z
Pend. yg dipakai:
1) Pend kesetimbangan
bila: k2 << k-1
dimana X = kompleks Arrhenius
2)
NB: C = katalis
S = substrat
Pend. Kesetimbangan
k
C + S k X + Y
1
-1
X + W
k2
P + Z
[ X ][Y ]
[C ][ S ]
K
[X ] K
[C ][ S ]
[Y ]
[C ] [C ]0 [ X ]
[ S ] [ S ]0 [ X ]
[ X ][Y ]
K
..............(1)
[C ]0 [ X ][ S ]0 [ X ]
Kasus-kasus
Kasus A:
[S]o >> [C]o
Kasus B:
[S]o << [C]o
Ulasan Kasus A
[S]o >> [C]o
Kalau [C]o kecil maka [X] kecil, krn [X] paling besar = [C]o
Jadi: [X] <<
[S]o
[ x ][ y ]
K
[c]o [ x][ s ]o [ x]
menjadi
[ x ][ y ]
K
[c]o [ x][ s ]o
[c]o
[ x][ s ]o
[ x] K
[ y]
[c ]o [ s ] o [ x][ s ] o
[ x] K
[ y]
[c ]o [ s ]o K [ x ][ s ] o
[ x] K
[ y]
[ x][ y ] K [c ]o [ s ]o K [ x ][ s ]o
[ x][ y ] K [ x ][ s ] o K [c ]o [ s ]o
[ x][ y ] K [ s ] o K [c ]o [ s ]o
K [c ] o [ s ] o
[ x]
...................( 2)
[ y ] K [ s]o
Ungkapan laju pembentukan produk (P)
d [ P]
k 2 [ x ][ w]
dt
K [c]o [ s ]o [ w]
d [ P]
k2
dt
[ y ] K [ s ]o
d [ P ] k 2 K [c]o [ s ]o [ w]
dt
K [ s ]o
d [ P]
k 2 [c]o [ w]................(3)
dt
Laju tidak tergantung pada [s]o
Jika [s]o <<, maka:
k 2 K [c ] o [ s ] o [ w]
d [ P]
.........( 4)
dt
[ y]
Kurvanya:
[S]o>>
[s]o <<
[s]o
k2
x
p + z
k1
k-1
Didapat:
k 2 K [c ] o [ s ] o
r
K [ s ]o 1
k 2 [c ] o [ s ] o
r
1
[ s ]o
K
Ulasan kasus B
[c]o >> [s]o
Pers (1)
[ x][ y ]
K
[c]o [ x][ s]o [ x]
Menjadi:
[ x ][ y ]
K
[c ]0 [ s ] o [ x ]
dst
K [c ] 0 [ s ] 0
[ x]
.................(5)
K [c ] 0 [ y ]
...............(6)
dt
K [c ] 0 [ y ]
dt
K [c ] 0
d [ P]
k 2 [ s ]0 [ w]...................(7)
dt
...........(8)
dt
[ y]
[c]o
II.
+
+
S
w
k1
k-1
k2
X
P
+
+
y
Z
Laju pembentukan P
d [ P]
k 2 [ x][ w]..................(9)
dt
X sbg steady state
d [ x]
k1 [c][ s ] k 1 [ x][ y ] k 2 [ x][ w] 0
dt
k 1 [ x][ y ] k 2 [ x][ w] k1 [c][ s ]
[ x] k 1 [ y ] k 2 [ w] k1 [c][ s ]
k1 [c][ s ]
[ x]
..........................(10)
k 1 [ y ] k 2 [ w]
k1 [c]o [ x][ s ]o [ x]
[ x]
k 1 [ y ] k 2 [ w]
k1 [ c ] o [ s ] o k1 [ s ] o [ x ] k1 [ c ] o [ x ] k1 [ x ] 2
[ x]
k 1 [ y ] k 2 [ w]
k 1 [ x][ y ] k 2 [ x][ w] k1 [c]o [ s ]o k1 [ s ]o [ x] k1 [c]o [ x] k1 [ x] 2
k1 [ x] 2 [ x] k1 [ y ] k 2 [ w] k1 [c]o k1 [ s ]o k1 [c]o [ s ]o 0
Merupakan pers. Kuadrat, dgn:
a k1
b k 1 [ y ] k 2 [ w] k1 [c]o k1 [ s ]o
c k1 [ c ] o [ s ] o
Rumus abc:
X 1, 2
b b 2 4ac
2a
X 1, 2
k 1[ y ] k 2 [ w] k1 [c]o k1 [ s ]o b 2 4ac
2 k1
X 1, 2
k 1 [ y ] k 2 [ w] k1 [c]o k1 [ s]o b
2 k1
[X ]
2 k 1 [ y ] k 2 [ w] k1 [c]o k1 [ s]o
2 k1
[X ]
k 1 [ y ] k 2 [ w] k1 [c]o k1 [ s ]o
k1
[X ]
k 1
k
[ y ] 2 [ w] [c]o [ s ]o
k1
k1
d [ P]
k 2 [ x][ w]
dt
k 22
d [ P ] k 1 .k 2
[ y ][ w] [ w] 2 k 2 [c]o [ w] k 2 [ s ]o [ w]
dt
k1
k1
X +
k1
k-1
k2
Catatan: S = substrat
C = katalis, bisa asam atau basa (Bronsted-Lowry)
Jenis Katalis
Asam
HA
A-
H2O
H3O+
Asam
H2O
OH-
Basa
BH+
H2O
OH-
Basa
H2O
H3O+
HA
A-
BH+
Katalis Asam
1
HA + S
HS+ +
A-1
Ada 2 kemungkinan lanjutan, yakni:
a.
SH+
H2O
P +
H3O+
BH+
katalis protolitik
(transfer proton H+ kpd pelarut)
b.
SH+
katalisis prototropik
(transfer proton kpd zat terlarut)
Katalisis Proto
BH+ + S
SH+ + H2O
BH+
H2O
k1
k-1
k2
SH+
P
+
+
B
H3O+
H3O+
k
[
BH
][ S ]
1
[ SH ]
k 1 [ B ] k 2
d [ P ] k1 k 2 [ BH ][ S ]
...........................(1)
dt
k 1 [ B ] k 2
(K)
dt
k 1 [ B ]
k1 k 2 [ BH ][ S ]
d [ P]
...............(3)
dt
k 1
[ B]
padahal :
[ B ][ H 3 O ]
K
[ BH ]
K [ BH
] [ B ][ H 3 O ]
[
B
][
H
O
]
3
[ BH ]
.....................( 4)
K
pers ( 4) (3)
k1 k 2 [ B ][ H 3 O ][ S ]
d [ P]
r
dt
k 1 K [ B ]
r
k1 k 2
[ H 3 O ][ S ]......................(5)
k 1 K
d [ P ] k1 k 2 [ BH ][ S ]
dt
k2
d [ P]
k1 [ BH ][ S ]...............(6)
dt
Berdasar pers (4), mk:
d [ P ] k1
[ B ][ H 3O ][ S ]...........(7)
dt
K
Katalisis Prototropik
S + H2O
SH+ + B
BH+ + H2O
k1
k-1
SH+
k2
P
B
Ungkapan pembentukan P
d [ P]
k 2 [ SH ][ B].............(8)
dt
k1 [ S ]
[ SH ]
...........(9)
k 1 [OH ] k 2 [ B]
+
+
+
OHBH+
H3O+
(keset)
k1 k 2 [ S ][ B ]
d [ P]
.............(10)
dt
k 1 [OH ] k 2 [ B ]
Bila:
k1 [OH ] k 2 [ B ]
dP k1 k 2 [ S ][ B ]
...........................(11)
dt
k 1 [OH ]
Pdhal:
[ B ][ H 3 O ]
K
[ BH ]
K [ BH ]
[ B]
...................(12)
[ H 3O ]
Kw [ H 3 O ][OH ]
Kw
[OH ]
....................(13)
H 3O
dt
k 1 [OH ][ H 3 O ]
dP k1 k 2 K
[ BH ][ S ]..................(14)
dt
Kw
Bentuk lain ungkapan ini adl (tanpa subst pers 12)
k1 k 2
dP
[ B][ S ][ H 3 O ].............(15)
dt k 1 Kw