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KARSINOMA SERVIKS

DINEGARA MAJU MENEMPATI


URUTAN KELIMA SETELAH
KANKER:
- PAYUDARA
- PARU
- KULIT
- KOLOREKTAL

MENGAPA DI INDONESIA INSIDENS


KS TINGGI ?
MULTI PARITAS
JARAK PERSALINAN PENDEK
KAWIN USIA MUDA ( < 20 TAHUN)
SOSIAL EKONOMI RENDAH.
HYGIENE KURANG
PEMERIKSAAN RUTIN UNTUK DETEKSI DINI TIDAK DILAKSANAKAN

KS MERUPAKAN KANKER
YANG TERKONTROL

ADANYA LESI PRA-KANKER YANG


PROGRESIFITASNYA LAMBAT.
ADANYA METODE SKRINING YANG
MURAH, SEDERHANA DAN EFEKTIF
PENGOBATAN LESI PRA-KANKER
MURAH DAN TINGKAT KESEMBUHAN
TINGGI (100%)

FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO
MENDERITA KS

MULTI PARITAS
KAWIN / MELAHIRKAN PADA USIA MUDA
(< 20 TAHUN)
SOSEK & HYGIENE KURANG
GANTI-GANTI PASANGAN SEKSUAL
WANITA PEROKOK
INFEKSI VIRUS PAPILOMA HUMANUS
SUAMI RISIKO TINGGI

HUMAN PAPILOMA VIRUS


(HPV)
&
KARSINOMA SERVIKS

HPV
HPV adalah virus DNA yg kecil
Family dari Virus Papovaviridae
Mempunyai Genom DNA untai ganda yang sirkuler
Berat molekul (5x106) dalton dengan (8x103) rantai basa.
Tertutup capsid berbentuk icosahedral
Diameter 45-55 nm
Epiteliotropik
Untaian nukleotidenya :
early region ( E1,2,4,5,6,7)
Late region ( L1,2)

Gambar 1. Genome HPV 16.

HPV YANG BERHUBUNGAN DGN TRAKTUS


ANOGENITAL PRIA/WANITA

Kelompok Risiko Rendah:


(Type: 6, 11, 42, 43 dan 44)
Kelompok Risiko Menengah:
(Type: 31, 33, 35, 51 dan 52)
Kelompok Risiko Tinggi:
(Type: 16, 18, 45 dan 56)

Patogenesis infeksi HPV


TINGKAT PEJAMU:
Pejamu adalah manusia, dapat latent,
subklinik atau klinik.
Merupakan virus keratinosite
Masuk tubuh melalui epitel skuamosa yang
luka lecet / luka mikro.
Melalui epitel skuamosa yang immatur.
Pada servik didaerah T-zone.

Patogenesis infeksi HPV.2


TINGKAT SELULER:
Menempel pd permukaan sel
Penetrasi melalui membran plasma
Uncoating dari virus
Transkripsi
Translasi mRNA HPV menjadi protein virus
Replikasi, assembly partikel HPV
Maturasi partikel HPV
Partikel HPV dilepaskan dari sel target.

Patogenesis infeksi HPV.3


Produk protein onkogen E6 dan E7 dari
HPV risiko tinggi (16, 18) mengganggu
aktifitas pengaturan siklus sel.
Terjadi pengikatan/mutasi dari gen supresor
tumor (P53 dan Rb) sehingga menjadi tidak
aktif.
Terjadi perkembangan sel yang sudah
mengalami mutasi -> karsinoma

??

Natural History Dari Karsinoma Serviks


Usia rata-rata KIS 10-15 tahun lebih muda dari
usia rata-rata KS invasif.
Peterson: Dalam waktu 9 tahun 127 kasus KS
didahului oleh KIS.
Masterson: 28% dari 25 pasien KIS yg tidak
diobati berkembang menjadi KS invasif dlm
waktu 5 tahun.

Transition time of CIN


Stagees
Normal to Mild-moderate dysplasia
Normal to Moderate-severe dysplasia
Normal to Carcinoma Insitu
DiSaia-Creasman

Mean Years
1,62
2,20
4,51

Studi meta-analysis pasien berdasarkan sitologi


sewaktu masuk (N = 27, 929)
Sitologi

% regresi ke normal
(Confident interval)

% progres the
high-grade SIL
(Confident interval)

& kanker invasif


(Confident interval)

ASCUS

68,19 (57,51-78,86)

7,13 (0,8-13,5)

0,25 (0,0-2,25)

Low grade SIL

47,39 (35,92-58,86)

20,81 (6,08-35,55)

0,15 (0,0-0,71)

High grade SIL

35,03 (16,57-53,49)

23,37 (12,82-32,92)

1,44 (0,0-3,95)

Natural history of CIN is dependent on


lesional grade.
Degree of
dysplasia

Regression
(%)

Persistence
(%)

Progression
(%)

Slight

62

24

13

Moderate

33

49

18

Severe

19

48

33

PENUTUP

Dengan adanya potensi regresi spontan dari lesi


prekursor karsinoma serviks ini, maka progresifitas dari
lesi prekursor ini memakan waktu yang cukup lama

Masih pada tempatnya kita melakukan terapi konservatif


terhadap penderita lesi prekursor, baik yang dengan
infeksi HPV ataupun yang tanpa infeksi HPV.

DIAGRAM SHOWING THE TRANSFORMATION ZONEAND THE


PHYSIOLOGIC SQUAMOCOLUMNAR JUNCTION

NEOPLASIA INTRAEPITEL SERVIKS

BERDASARKAN KETEBALAN SEL EPITEL


- DISPLASIA RINGAN (NIS I)
- DISPLASIA SEDANG (NIS II)
- DISPLASIA BERAT (NIS III) KANKER STADIUM O

PERUBAHAN DARI PRAKANKER MENJADI KANKER STADIUM 0


MEMBUTUHKAN WAKTU 3 - 10 TAHUN PEMERIKSAAN RUTIN
PAP SMIR DAN KOLPOSKOPI

PERJALANAN KARSINOMA SERVIKS

NORMAL

PRAKANKER

KANKER

DISPLASIA
RINGAN SEDANG BERAT

STAD. 0 STAD. STAD. STAD. STAD.


INSITU
I
II
III
IV

6 10 TAHUN

WAKTU YANG DIPERLUKAN OLEH PENDERITA DISPLASIA


UNTUK MENJADI KARSINOMA IN-SITU

TINGKAT DISPLASIA

WAKTU DALAM BULAN

SANGAT RINGAN

82 ( 7 TAHUN)

RINGAN

58 ( 5 TAHUN)

SEDANG

38 ( 3 TAHUN)

BERAT

12 ( 1 TAHUN)
Barron dan Richart, 1967

DIAGNOSA NIS
SCREENER:- PAP SMIR, PAP NET
- THIN PREP
- TEST HPV
- FLUORESCENCE SP.
SPOTTER (PENENTU LOKASI)
- KOLPOSKOPI
CHECKER (PENENTU DIAGNOSIS)
- HISTOPATOLOGI

* MUDAH DILAKUKAN
* TIDAK MENIMBULKAN RASA SAKIT
* BIAYA RELATIF MURAH
* TIDAK MEMERLUKAN ALAT KHUSUS
* EFEKTIFITAS MENCAPAI 70 - 80 %
* JIKA DIKOMBINASI DENGAN KOLPOSKOPI
MENCAPAI 95 - 100 %

TEKNIK PEMERIKSAAN PAP SMIR


PASIEN TIDAK DALAM KEADAAN MENSTRUASI
3 HARI SEBELUM PEMERIKSAAN TIDAK BOLEH SENGGAMA
MEMPERSIAPKAN ALAT-ALAT YANG SEDERHANA
SETELAH PORTIO DITAMPILKAN DENGAN SPEKULUM VAGINA
LENDIR SERVIKS DIAMBIL DGN SPATEL AYRE, DIBUAT SEDIAAN SLIDE, DIFIKSASI DGN ALKOHOL 96% DAN DI KIRIM KE
LABORATORIUM PA

THE BETHESDA SYSTEM (TBS)


II. SEL GLANDULAR:
- SEL ENDOMETRIAL (PD MENOPAUSE)
- AGUS
- LESI INTRAEPITEL GLANDULAR
- ADENOKARSINOMA ENDOSERVIKS
- ADENOKARSINOMA ENDOMETRIUM
- ADENOKARSINOMA EKSTRA UTERIN
- ADENOKARSINOMA YG TIDAK DAPAT
DITENTUKAN ASALNYA.

JAWABAN YANG AKAN DIDAPAT DARI AHLI PA


KELAS I

SMIR NORMAL

KELAS II

DIJUMPAI SEL ATIPIK

KELAS III MENCURIGAKAN GANAS


KELAS IV DIJUMPAI SEL GANAS DALAM JUMLAH SEDIKIT
KELAS V DIJUMPAI SEL GANAS DALAM JUMLAH BANYAK

KLASIFIKASI PAPANICOLOU

SUDAH DITINGGALKAN O.K:


- TDK MENCERMINKAN PENGERTIAN NIS

- TDK MEMP. PADANAN DGN TERM.


HISTOLOGI

- TDK MENENTUKAN DIAGNOSA NON


KANKER

- TDK MENGGAMBARKAN INTERPRETASI


SERAGAM

- TDK MENUNJUKKAN PERNYATAAN


DIAGNOSIS

TERMINOLOGI WHO
SMIR NORMAL
SMIR ATIPIK
DISPLASIA RINGAN
DISPLASIA SEDANG
DISPLASIA BERAT
KARSINOMA INSITU
KARSINOMA

THE BETHESDA SYSTEM (TBS)


MEMFASILITASI KOMUNIKASI
ANTARA LABORATORIUM DGN
KLINIKUS
EVALUASI TTG ADEKUASI SEDIAAN
MENJELASKAN TTG
ABNORMALITAS YG TIDAK JELAS
DAN DERAJAD ABNORMALITAS SEL

THE BETHESDA SYSTEM (TBS)


I. SEL SKUAMOSA:
= ASCUS
= LGSIL - HPV
- DISPLASIA RINGAN / NIS 1

= HGSIL

- DISPLASIA SEDANG / NIS 2


- DISPLASIA BERAT / NIS 3
- KARSINOMA INSITU / NIS 3

= KARSINOMA SEL SKUAMOSA

INTERVAL SKRINING KARSINOMA SERVIKS


PADA WANITA USIA 35 64 TAHUN
INTERVAL
1 TAHUN
2 TAHUN
3 TAHUN
4 TAHUN
10 TAHUN

PENURUNAN
INSIDEN (%)
93.3
93.3
91.4
83.9
64.2

JUMLAH
PROGRAM
30
15
10
6
3

VISUALISATION OF ACETIC ACID


APPLICATION TEST (VAT)

APPLICATION ACETIC ACID 5%


CELLS BECOME REHYDRATION AND
COAGULATION.
ABNORMAL EPITHEL CAN BE SEEN
AS
A WHITE EPITHELIUM .

ATLAS VAT NEGATIVE

ATLAS VAT POSITIVE

PEMERIKSAAN KOLPOSKOPI
MERUPAKAN MIKROSKOP DENGAN
DERAJAD PEMBESARAN LEMAH
(16-20 x)
UNTUK MENUNTUN TINDAKAN
BIOPSI AGAR TEPAT SASARAN
MENGURANGI KEJADIAN
TINDAKAN BEDAH KJONISASI

GEJALA KLINIS
STADIUM AWAL TANPA GEJALA KEPUTIHAN
PERDARAHAN PASCA SENGGAMA METRORHAGIA
PENGELUARAN CAIRAN KEKUNINGAN KADANG BERCAMPUR
DARAH DAN BEBAU.
STADIUM LANJUT PERDARAHAN TERUS MENERUS
MUKA PUCAT KARENA KURANG DARAH BADAN KURUS
CAIRAN BERBAU BUSUK NYERI DI PANGGUL MENJALAR
KE PAHA KAKI BENGKAK KEGAGALAN FUNGSI GINJAL.

STADIUM KLINIK
(FIGO 2000)

STADIUM. 0
= LESI PRIMER BELUM TERLIHAT
= PRE INVASIF KARSINOMA
= KARSINOMA INSITU
= LESI TERBATAS DIDALAM
EPITEL

STADIUM KLINIK
(FIGO 2000)

STADIUM. I
LESI TERBATAS PADA SERVIKS, PENYEBARAN KE
CORPUS TIDAK DIPERHITUNGKAN

STADIUM. I.a. - SECARA MIKROSKOPIS


- DALAM LESI MAX. 5mm, LEBAR MAX. 7 mm
STADIUM. I.a.1 : - DALAM LESI
- LEBAR LESI
STADIUM. I.a.2 : - DALAM LESI
- LEBAR LESI

</= 3 mm
</= 7 mm
>3 mm - </= 5 mm
</= 7mm

STADIUM KLINIK
(FIGO 2000)

STADIUM. I
LESI TERBATAS PADA SERVIKS, PENYEBARAN KE
CORPUS TIDAK DIPERHITUNGKAN

STADIUM. I.b
PROSES TERBATAS PADA SERVIKS, TAMPAK SECARA
KLINIS ATAU SECARA MIKROSKOPIS > STAD. I.a.
STADIUM. I.b.1 : - DIAMETER TERBESAR </= 4 cm.
STADIUM. I.b.2 : - DIAMETER TERBESAR > 4 cm.

STADIUM KLINIK
(FIGO 2000)

STADIUM. II
LESI TELAH KELUAR UTERUS TAPI BELUM MENGENAI
DINDING PANGGUL DAN 1/3 DISTAL VAGINA

STADIUM. II.a
= TANPA INVASI KE PARA METRIUM

STADIUM. II.b
= TERDAPAT INVASI KE PARAMETRIUM

STADIUM KLINIK
(FIGO 2000)

STADIUM. III
LESI TELAH MELIBATKAN DINDING PELVIS DAN 1/3
DISTAL VAGINA.

STADIUM. III.a.
= INVASI KE 1/3 DISTAL VAGINA , BELUM
MELIBATKAN DINDING PELVIS.

STADIUM. III.b.
= MELIBATKAN DINDING PELVIS ATAU
MENYEBABKAN HIDRONEFROSIS ATAU
GANGGUAN FUNGSI GINJAL

STADIUM KLINIK
(FIGO 2000)

STADIUM. IV.a
. LESI TELAH MENGINVASI MUKOSA KANDUNG
KEMIH ATAU REKTUM DAN/ATAU MENYEBAR
KELUAR PELVIS MINOR.

STADIUM. IV.b.
=METASTASIS JAUH

CARA MENDIAGNOSA
= PEMERIKSAAN GINEKOLOGI SECARA RUTIN
SEKALI SETAHUN TES PAP 65 TAHUN
= BILA PERLU PEMERIKSAAN KOLPOSKOPI
= KLR STADIUM LANJUT TIDAK SULIT
= PEMERIKSAAN JARINGAN KE LAB. PA

PENCEGAHAN
DAPAT SEMBUH SEMPURNA JIKA DIKETAHUI SECARA DINI
MENGHINDARI FAKTOR RESIKO :
-

JANGAN KAWIN PADA USIA MUDA (< 20 TAHUN)

JANGAN BANYAK MELAHIRKAN ANAK

JANGAN KAWIN CERAI / BERGANTI-GANTI PASANGAN

MENJAGA HYGIENE

MELAKUKAN PEMERIKSAAN PAP SMIR SECARA BERKALA

DESTRUKSI
Krioterapi
E. Koagulasi
Laser vap

PENGOBATAN NIS
EKSISI
Diat. Loop
Konisasi
Histerektomi

KIMIAWI
Interferon
Retinoid
5-FU topikal

OBSERVASI

Derajat lesi; luas lesi; lokasi lesi; fokus lesi

Triase
Normal

NIS

Tes Pap
Kolposkopi
biopsi/loop
Histopatologi
Terapi

Kanker

Tes Pap abnormal


Memuaskan

Kolposkopi abnormal

Tidak memuaskan

See and treat

Biopsi/loop

NIS

Invasif

Destuksi
eksisi
NIS 1
NIS 2
NIS 3

: FU
: Krioterapi/ LLETZ
: LLETZ

Konisasi diagnostik

Invasif

NIS lesi
terangkat

FU

Metoda detruksi lokal


Mampu menggunakan alat kolposkop
Seluruh daerah transformasi terlihat
Tidak ada kesenjangan hasil sitologi,
kolposkopi dan histopatologi
Tidak ada kecurigaan lesi invasif
Follow-up dapat dipercaya

TEKNIK KRIOTERAPI
N2O
K-Y Jelly pada probe
Pembekuan berulang (double freeze)
bola es 4-5 mm (2 menit)
istirahat (5 menit)
bola es 4-5 mm, (2 menit)

KRIOTERAPI
Keuntungan
Efektif pada NIS 1/2

Kerugian
Kurang efektif
pada NIS 3

Teknis tidak sulit

Spesimen PA (-)

Tenaga listrik (-)

Pergeseran SSK

Anastesi (-)

Pengeluaran
cairan

HASIL PENGOBATAN NIS


DENGAN KRIOTERAPI

LOKASI

JAM 3 DAN 9

KURANG
MEMUASKAN

CUKUP
MEMUASKAN

SANGAT
MEMUASKAN

54.5%

9.1%

36.4%

Boonstra 1987

CO 2 laser vaporizatin
Instruments

CO2 laser, colposcope, micro


manipolator

Power output

20-25w

Power density

800-1400 w/cm2

Spot size

1.5-2 mm diameter

Operating mode

Continuous

Depth of destuction

6-7 mm measured

Width of destuction

4-5 mm beyond visible lesion

Anesthesia

May need paracervical block

KEUNTUNGAN TERAPI LASER


Batas daerah destruksi dapat ditentukan
Dapat digunakan pada lesi divagina
Pergeseran SSK minimal
Cairan pasca tindakan minimal

METODE DESTRUKSI PADA NIS


D.KOAGULASI

LASER

KRIOTERAPI

93,3%

95,4%

93%

Nyeri

++

Lama prosedur

3-5

30

5-10

Penyembuhan

4-6 mg

4-6 mg

4-6 mg

++

++++

Efektivitas
Spesimen PA

Biaya

KEGAGALAN METODA DESTRUKSI LOKAL

Lesi luas
Kolposkopi tidak memuaskan
Keterlibatan epitel endoserviks
Tehnik tidak memadahi

PENGOBATAN
TERGANTUNG DARI :
LETAK DAN LUAS PENYAKIT, UMUR, JUMLAH ANAK, ADANYA
KELAINAN LAIN PADA RAHIM, KEADAAN SOSIAL EKONOMI
DAN FASILITAS PENGOBATAN YANG TERSEDIA
PRAKANKER TANPA PENGANGKATAN RAHIM
DISPLASIA BERAT PENGANGKATAN RAHIM
PADA PENYAKIT YANG INVASIF :
- STAD Ib - IIa PEMBEDAHAN RADIKAL ATAU RADIASI
- STAD IIb - IVb RADIASI, KEMOTERAPI ATAU KOMBINASI

RAMALAN PENYAKIT (PROGNOSA)


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

MAKIN TINGGI STAD. PENYAKIT MAKIN JELEK PROGNOSANYA


PADA UMUMNYA USIA MUDA PROGNOSANYA LEBIH BAIK
KEADAAN UMUM PENDERITA
JENIS / CIRI HISTOPATOLOGI DARI SEL KANKERNYA
SDM YANG MENANGANI SERTA FASILITAS YANG TERSEDIA.
ANGKA KETAHANAN HIDUP 5 TAHUN :
STADIUM I
85 %
STADIUM II. 42 - 70 %
STADIUM III. 26 - 42 %
STADIUM IV. 0 - 12 %

KESIMPULAN
KLR DIDAHULUI OLEH LESI PRAKANKER.
PERKEMBANGAN DARI LESI PRAKANKER KANKER, TERJADI
SECARA PERLAHAN-LAHAN DALAM WAKTU YANG CUKUP LAMA.
TELAH DITEMUKAN METODE DETEKSI DINI YANG SEDERHANA,
MURAH, DAN EFEKTIF.
DENGAN MELAKUKAN PEMERIKSAAN PAP SMIR SECARA RUTIN
DIHARAPKAN ANGKA KEJADIAN KLR DIMASA MENDATANG AKAN
MENURUN.

GARDASIL Phase II Dose-Ranging


Immunogenicity and Efficacy Study 1

GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
1. Villa LL, Costa RL, Petta CA, et al. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6:271278.

GARDASIL Phase II Dose-Ranging


Immunogenicity and Efficacy Study1
Efficacy analysis

Placebo

(Brazil, Europe, United States)

1,106 women

Dose-finding interim analysis


Neutralizing Anti-HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 GMTs*
Select dose for Phase III

Quadrivalent vaccine:
GARDASIL
Quadrivalent vaccine:
Dose 2
Quadrivalent
vaccine: Dose 3

0 2

67

12

18

24

30

36

Months

Day 1 and Month 7, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36:


Pap test
Cervicovaginal sampling for HPV by PCR**

Day 1 and Month 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36:


Detection of specific neutralizing serum antibodies to HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18

Day 1 and Month 7, 12, 24, and 36: Gynaecological examination


GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
*GMT = geometric mean titers of serum antibodies; **PCR = polymerase chain reaction
1. Adapted from Villa LL, Costa RL, Petta CA, et al. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6:271278, with permission from Elsevier.

GARDASIL Phase II Dose-Ranging


Immunogenicity and Efficacy Study*:
Neutralizing Anti-HPV Levels on Completion of Vaccination

Geometric Mean Titer (mMU/mL)

Placebo
GARDASIL;
20/40/40/20 g

1000

40/40/40/40 g
80/80/40/80 g

100

Levels After
Natural Infection
10

HPV 6

HPV 11

HPV 16

GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
*Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (n=1106).

HPV 18

GARDASIL Phase II Dose-Ranging Immunogenicity


and Efficacy Study:
Efficacy Phase Over 30 Months Follow-up After Vaccination 1
Per-protocol efficacy cohort: Compound end point by HPV type
Vaccine
Number of
Number of
95%
Efficacy
Vaccine
Placebo
Confidence
(%)
Cases (n=276) Cases (n=275)
Interval

End Point

P
Value

4*

36

90

7197

<0.0001

HPV 6 related

13

100

68100

<0.0001

HPV 11 related

100

NA

NA

HPV 16 related

3*

21

86

5497

<0.0001

HPV 18 related

1*

89

21100

0.0103

HPV 6/11/16/18 Infect*, CIN**, or GW***

Vaccine cases:
HPV 16: 3 cases single positive at the last visit on record
HPV 18: 1 case persistent HPV 18 infection detected at months 12 and 18 only
GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
*Infect = Persistent HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18 infection: Detection of relevant HPV in cervical samples obtained on >2 consecutive visits 4 months
apart or detection of HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18 at the last visit on record without confirmed persistence
**CIN = cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
***GW = genital warts
NA = Number of events too small for meaningful efficacy estimates.
1. Adapted from Villa LL, Costa RL, Petta CA, et al. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6:271278, with permission from Elsevier.

GARDASIL Phase II Dose-Ranging Immunogenicity and


Efficacy Study: Efficacy Phase1
Per-protocol efficacy cohort: Clinical outcomes
Number of Number of
Vaccine
Placebo Vaccine
95%
Cases
Cases
Efficacy Confidence
P
(n=276)
(n=275)
(%)
Interval
Value

End Point
HPV 6/11/16/18 Infect*, CIN**, or GW***

36

90

7197

<103

Infection

35

89

Disease

100

0.0151

Genital warts

100

NA

CIN

100

NA

Vaccine cases:
HPV 16: 3 cases single positive at the last visit on record
HPV 18: 1 case persistent HPV 18 infection detected at months 12 and 18 only

GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
*Infect = Persistent HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18 infection: Detection of relevant HPV in cervical samples obtained on >2 consecutive visits 4 months
apart or detection of HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18 at the last visit on record without confirmed persistence
**CIN = cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
***GW = genital warts
NA = Number of events too small for meaningful efficacy estimates.
1. Reprinted from Villa LL, Costa RL, Petta CA, et al. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6:271278, with permission from Elsevier.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV):


Prophylactic Vaccination

GARDASIL: Rationale for quadrivalent HPV


(Types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 VLP vaccine
GARDASIL clinical program

Methods
Phase I and II
Phase III
On-going program

Additional information
GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.

GARDASIL Phase III


Adolescent Immunogenicity
Substudy

GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.

GARDASIL Phase III Adolescent


Immunogenicity Substudy: Study Design
N Enrolled
Age Range

Female

Male

1015 years of age

506

510

1623 years of age (bridging)

513

GARDASIL administered i.m. at Day 1, Month 2, and Month 6


Primary end points: Immunogenicity
Serum antibody levels to HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 L1 proteins measured at Day
1, Month 3, and Month 7.

Safety
Follow-up post each injection: 2-day and 14-day clinical (safety); 5-day body
temperature and injection site reactogenicity
Serious vaccine-related adverse events collected throughout the study

GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.

GARDASIL
Phase III Efficacy Trials,
FUTURE I and II and
Combined Analysis

GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.

FUTURE I: Primary Efficacy Results1


PP Population
Average Duration of Follow-up: 2 Years After the First Vaccination
GARDASIL
Efficacy on HPV
6/11/16/18
-related disease

Placebo
Efficacy
(%)

CI

Cases

Cases

CIN or worse

2240

2258

37

100

(87100)*

Genital warts,
vulvar/vaginal
neoplasia

2261

2279

40

100

(88100)*

P Value

<0.001

<0.001

PP (per-protocol) = received 3 doses of vaccine; no major protocol violations; HPV sero(-) at day 1 and HPV
DNA(-) from day 1 to month 7; cases counted starting after month 7, and the follow-up was an average 1.5 year
after completion of the vaccination regimen.
*97.5% CI is provided based on a multiplicity adjustment to preserve the overall 1-sided type-I error rate of
0.025.
Gardasil is indicated for the prevention of high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 2/3), cervical carcinoma, high-grade vulvar dysplastic lesions (VIN 2/3), and external genital warts
(condyloma acuminata) causally related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18. The indication is based on the demonstration of efficacy of Gardasil in adult females 16
to 26 years of age and on the demonstration of immunogenicity of Gardasil in 9- to 15-year old children and adolescents. Protective efficacy has not been evaluated in males. The use of
Gardasil should be in accordance with official recommendations.

1. Poster presented at the 45th ICAAC meeting; December 16-19, 2005.

FUTURE I: Secondary Efficacy Results1


MITT Population
Average Duration of Follow-up: 2 Years After the First Vaccination
GARDASIL
Efficacy on HPV
6/11/16/18 -related
disease

Placebo

Cases

Cases

CIN or worse

2557

2573

57

Genital warts,
vulvar/vaginal
neoplasia

2620

2628

59

Efficacy
(%)
97

95%
CI
(87100)

95

(8499)

MITT (modified intention to treat) = received 1 vaccination; HPV sero(-) and HPV DNA(-) at day 1; cases
were counted starting 30 days after first vaccination.

Gardasil is indicated for the prevention of high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 2/3), cervical carcinoma, high-grade vulvar dysplastic lesions (VIN 2/3), and external genital warts
(condyloma acuminata) causally related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18. The indication is based on the demonstration of efficacy of Gardasil in adult females 16
to 26 years of age and on the demonstration of immunogenicity of Gardasil in 9- to 15-year old children and adolescents. Protective efficacy has not been evaluated in males. The use of
Gardasil should be in accordance with official recommendations.

GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
1. Poster presented at the 45th ICAAC meeting; December 16-19, 2005.

FUTURE II: Primary Efficacy Results


Per-Protocol Population
GARDASIL
Efficacy on HPV
16/18 -related
disease
CIN 2/3 or AIS

Placebo

Cases

Cases

Efficacy
(%)

5301

5258

21

100

CI
(76100)*

P
Value
<0.001

Per-protocol = received 3 doses of vaccine; no major protocol violations; HPV 16/18 sero(-) at day 1 and HPV
16/18 DNA(-) from day 1 to month 7; cases counted starting after month 7, the follow-up was 2 years after the
first vaccination.
*97.96% CI is provided based on a multiplicity adjustment to preserve the overall 1-sided type I error rate of
0.025.
FUTURE = Females United to Unilaterally Reduce Endo/Ectocervical Disease
CIN = cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
AIS = adenocarcinoma in situ

Gardasil is indicated for the prevention of high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 2/3), cervical carcinoma, high-grade vulvar dysplastic lesions (VIN 2/3), and external genital warts
(condyloma acuminata) causally related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18. The indication is based on the demonstration of efficacy of Gardasil in adult females 16
to 26 years of age and on the demonstration of immunogenicity of Gardasil in 9- to 15-year old children and adolescents. Protective efficacy has not been evaluated in males. The use of
Gardasil should be in accordance with official recommendations.

FUTURE II: Secondary Efficacy Results


Pre-specified Modified Intention To Treat (MITT) Population
Average Duration of Follow-up: 2 Years After the First Vaccination
GARDASIL
Efficacy on HPV
16/18 -related
disease
CIN 2/3 or AIS

Placebo

Cases

Cases

5736

5766

36

Efficacy
(%)
97

CI

P Value

(83100)

<0.001

MITT = received 1 vaccination; HPV 16/18 sero(-) and HPV 16/18 DNA(-) at day 1; cases were counted starting 30 days after first
vaccination.
Gardasil is indicated for the prevention of high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 2/3), cervical carcinoma, high-grade vulvar dysplastic lesions (VIN 2/3), and external genital warts
(condyloma acuminata) causally related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18. The indication is based on the demonstration of efficacy of Gardasil in adult females 16
to 26 years of age and on the demonstration of immunogenicity of Gardasil in 9- to 15-year old children and adolescents. Protective efficacy has not been evaluated in males. The use of
Gardasil should be in accordance with official recommendations.

FUTURE = Females United to Unilaterally Reduce Endo/Ectocervical Disease


CIN = cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
AIS = adenocarcinoma in situ

Combined Phase II/Phase III Studies of


GARDASIL: Primary Efficacy Analysis

Per-Protocol Population
Median Duration of Follow-up = 4, 3, and 2 Years, Depending on Studies
GARDASIL

Placebo

Efficacy on HPV
16/18 -related
disease

CIN 2/3 or AIS

8487

8460

53

100

CIN 2

8487

8460

36

100

CIN 3 or AIS

8487

8460

32

Cases

Cases

Efficacy
(%)

100

95% CI
(93100)

P Value
< 0.001

(89100)
(88100)

PP = received 3 vaccinations within 1 year; no major protocol violations; HPV 16/18 sero(-) at day 1 and HPV 16/18 DNA(-) day 1 to
month 7; cases counted starting after month 7.
CIN = cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; AIS = adenocarcinoma in situ.
GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
Gardasil is indicated for the prevention of high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 2/3), cervical carcinoma, high-grade vulvar dysplastic lesions (VIN 2/3), and external genital warts
(condyloma acuminata) causally related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18. The indication is based on the demonstration of efficacy of Gardasil in adult females 16
to 26 years of age and on the demonstration of immunogenicity of Gardasil in 9- to 15-year old children and adolescents. Protective efficacy has not been evaluated in males. The use of
Gardasil should be in accordance with official recommendations.

Combined Phase II/Phase III Studies of


GARDASIL: Secondary Efficacy Analysis
Pre-specified Modified Intention-to-Treat (MITT) population
Median duration of follow-up = 4, 3, and 2 years depending on studies

GARDASIL

Placebo

Efficacy on HPV
16/18 -related
disease

Cases

CIN 2/3 or AIS

9342

9400

CIN 2

9342

CIN 3 or AIS

9342

1
0

Cases Efficacy
(%)
81

99

9400

55

98

9400

52

100

95% CI
(93100)

P Value
< 0.001

(89100)
(93100)

MITT = received 1 vaccination; HPV 16/18 sero(-) and HPV 16/18 DNA(-) at day 1; cases were counted starting 30 days after
first vaccination.
CIN = cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
AIS = adenocarcinoma in situ

Gardasil is indicated for the prevention of high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 2/3), cervical carcinoma, high-grade vulvar dysplastic lesions (VIN 2/3), and external genital warts
(condyloma acuminata) causally related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18. The indication is based on the demonstration of efficacy of Gardasil in adult females 16
to 26 years of age and on the demonstration of immunogenicity of Gardasil in 9- to 15-year old children and adolescents. Protective efficacy has not been evaluated in males. The use of
Gardasil should be in accordance with official recommendations.

GARDASIL HALAL

NEW
22 Dec 2010
US FDA Approve new indication for GARDASIL to men & women 9 26 : ANAL Cancer

22 Dec 2010
US FDA Approve new indication for GARDASIL to men & women 9
26 : ANAL Cancer

Indikasi baru di US : pencegahan kanker anal terkait HPV tipe 16 dan 18 untuk pria &
perempuan 9-26 yo, dan pencegahan anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) grades 1, 2 & 3
Section 14.3 overviews hasil PPE results untuk Anal Disease Caused by HPV Types 6, 11,
16, and 18 pada pria usia 16 - 26 yo di sub study MSM. Hasil data klinis PPE pada Table 13
:

The efficacy of Gardasil against the combined incidence of HPV 6-, 11-, 16-,
or 18-related AIN 1/2/3 was 77.5 % (39.6, 93.3).
The efficacy of Gardasil against the combined incidence of HPV 6-, 11-, 16-,
or 18-related AIN 2/3 was 74.9 % (8.8, 95.4).
The efficacy of Gardasil against the combined incidence of HPV 6-, 11-, 16-,
or 18-related AIN 1 condyloma acuminatum was 100 % (8.2, 100.0).

Section 14 - Anal HPV infection, AIN, and anal cancer bukan endpoints untuk studies pada
perempuan. Keserupaan HPV-related anal disease pada pria & perempuan menjadi supports
bridging indication pencegahan AIN dan kanker anal di perempuan.

Before Prescribing
GARDASIL please consult
the Full Prescribing
Information
25-06-2009-GRD 2006-MVD-20601237
(25-Jun-2009 GRD-08-ID-129-SS)
GARDASIL is a trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
Copyright 2005 Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA. All rights reserved.

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