TETANUS
Oleh :
INDIRA WAHYU SUKMA S (21804101040)
Pembimbing :
dr. Nurike Setiyari Mudjari, Sp.PD
PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang
• Definisi
Tetanus merupakan penyakit akut, yang ditandai dengan gejala spasme otot tubuh dan
gangguan sistem syaraf otonom (gangguan neuromuscular akut berupa trismus, kekakuan, dan
kejang otot).
• Etiologi
Disebabkan oleh eksotoksin yang diproduksi oleh bakteri Clostridium tetani.
Produksi dua eksotoksin yaitu tetanolysin (belum diketahui) dan tetanospasmin (menyebabkan
efek klinis)
Clostridium tetani
• Gram positif
Gambar 2.1 Clostridium tetani, dengan • Perkiraan dosis tetanospasmin mematikan manusia
bentukan khas “drumstick” pada bagian minimum adalah 2,5 nanogram per kilogram berat badan
bakteri yang berbentuk bulat tersebut spora manusia
dari Clostridium tetani dibentuk. (dengan
pembesaran mikroskop 3000x).
• Tetanospasmin adalah rantai polipeptida tunggal yang
terbelah menjadi dua, rantai berat : memediasi
pengikatannya dengan reseptor sel saraf dan masuknya
ke dalam sel dan rantai ringan : memblokade pelepasan
neurotransmitter.
Otitis media
PATOFISIOLOGI dan karies
Umbilicus :
pada bayi
gigi
Masa inkubasi tetanus umumnya antara 3-21 hari, dan umumnya terjadi dalam 8 hari.
Masa inkubasi yang lebih pendek terkait dengan kemungkinan kematian yang lebih tinggi
2. Tetanus cephalic :
• luka mengenai daerah mata, kulit kepala, muka, telinga, otitis media kronis dan jarang
akibat tonsilektomi
• disfungsi saraf kranial antara lain n. III, IV, VII, IX, X, XI dan menyebabkan gangguan
motorik dari serabut saraf tersebut
Manifestasi Klinis
3. Tetanus Umum
• Gejala yang pertama terlihat dan dirasakan
• Kejang lengan fleksi dan adduksi serta
pasien adalah kaku otot masseter yang
tangan mengepal kuat
mengakibatkan gangguan membuka mulut
• Kesadaran tetap baik
(trismus) lock jaw
• Retensi urine sering terjadi karena spasme
• Risus sardonikus (alis tertarik ke atas, sudut
sfincter kandung kemih.
mulut tertarik ke luar dan ke bawah, bibir
• Tidak ada kenaikan suhu jika ada curigai
tertekan kuat pada gigi)
komplikasi ke pusat pengatur suhu
• Kekakuan leher : sulit fleksi pada leher dan
• Kasus berat : mudah terjadi overaktivitas
tubuh gejala kaku kuduk hingga
simpatis (takikardi, hipertensi yang labil,
opisthotonus
banyak berkeringat, dan aritmia)
• Kesulitan menelan akibat spasme otot laring
• Spasme dapat berlangsung selama beberapa
dan otot pernapasan
menit, spasme berlanjut 3-4 minggu
• Kekakuan otot perut
Manifestasi Klinis
4. Tetanus Neonatal
• Kehilangan kemampuan normal menyusu dan menangis antara hari ke-3 sampai hari
ke-28 serta menjadi kaku dan spasme.
• Ditandai dengan kelemahan dan ketidakmampuan untuk menyusu
• Kadang opistotonus
Penegakan Diagnosa
Murni Diagnosis Klinis :
Riwayat penyakit
Temuan pemeriksaan fisik uji spatula : (+) jika
menggigit spatula, (-) jika refleks muntah
Riwayat imunisasi
Menurut WHO :
trismus atau
risus sardonicus atau
spasme otot yang nyeri dan didahului riwayat luka
Interpretasi :
0-1 : severitas ringan, mortalitas 10 %
2-3 : severitas sedang, mortalitas 10-20 %
4 : severitas berat, mortalitas 20-40 %
5-6 : severitas sangat berat, mortalitas >50 %
3. Ablett score 3. Philips score
Gejala klinisnya berupa trismus, kaku leher, epistotonus, risus sardonicus, perut kaku
seperti papan, dan apnea secara periodik atau obsruksi saluran nafas atas oleh
karena kontraksi otot-otot pernapasan
PORTFOLIO
PRESENTATION
DESIGNED
Infographic Style
Option A Option B Option C Option D
Your Text Here X O X O
You can simply impress your You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing and audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations. appeal to your Presentations.
You can simply impress your You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing and audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations. appeal to your Presentations.
You can simply impress your audience and add
a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors, photos and Text3
MEDICAL
GENOME
EDITING
POWERPOINT
80%
Add Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your 50%
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos
and Text. Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully designed Add Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos
and Text. Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Infographic Style
Contents _ Graph
Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
Contents _ Graph that is beautifully designed.
Example Text : Get a modern
PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. I hope and I Contents _ Graph
believe that this Template will
Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint
your Time, Money and
Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Reputation. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text. Get a
modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully
Contents _ Graph
designed. I hope and I believe Contents
that this Template will your Time, Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint
Money and Reputation. Easy to Title Presentation that is beautifully designed.
change colors, photos and Text.
Contents _ Graph
Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed.
Content Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
Portfolio Presentation designed. hope and I believe that this Template will your Time. I
hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and
Reputation. You can simply impress your audience and add a
Beautifully Designed unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Designed
Infographic Style
A B
Content Here
Simple PowerPoint Presentation You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors,
Simple PowerPoint Presentation photos and Text.
Infographic Style
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience Add Contents Title
and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
Content A Content C
Get a modern PowerPoint
Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully
Presentation that is beautifully
designed.
designed.
Content D
Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully
designed.
Content B
Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully
designed.
Your Text Here Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Easy to change your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text. colors, photos and Text.
Simple PowerPoint
Presentation
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos and Text. You can simply impress
your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text.
Infographic Style
Add Contents
Add Contents Title Add Contents Title
Here
You can simply impress your audience and add You can simply impress your audience and add
a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Contents Title
Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to
You can simply impress your audience
your Presentations. Easy to change
and add a unique zing and appeal to
colors, photos.
your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos.
Contents Title
Contents Title
Presentation Presentation
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed. Easy to
01 04 that is beautifully designed. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text. change colors, photos and Text.
Presentation Presentation
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed. Easy to
02 05 that is beautifully designed. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text. change colors, photos and Text.
Presentation Presentation
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed. Easy to
03 06 that is beautifully designed. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text. change colors, photos and Text.
MEDICAL
GENOME
EDITING
POWERPOINT
Simple PowerPoint
Presentation
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy to change colors,
photos and Text. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations.
30% 30%
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed. that is beautifully designed.
1 AWESOME
TEXT
SLIDE
LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET,
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET,
CU USU AGAM INTEGRE IMPEDIT.
Portfolio Presentation
This text can be replaced with your own text
Content Here
Text Here Text Here You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
Easy to change Easy to change appeal to your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint
colors, photos and colors, photos and Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Text. Text.
Content Here
Text Here Text Here Text Here You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
Easy to change Easy to change Easy to change appeal to your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint
colors, photos and colors, photos and colors, photos and Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy to change colors,
Text. Text. Text. photos and Text. I hope and I believe that this Template will your
Time, Money and Reputation.
Infographic Style
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe
that this Template will your Time.
Add Text
A
You can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope
and I believe that this Template will your Time.
Add Text
Add Text
Add Text
D You can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope
and I believe that this Template will your Time.
Get a modern PowerPoint
Portfolio Presentation that is beautifully
designed. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text.
Modern Portfolio You can simply impress your audience
Designed and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text. Get a modern
PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. I hope and I
believe that this Template will your
Time, Money and Reputation. You can
simply impress your audience and add
a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Get a modern
PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.
Contents Here
Get a modern
PowerPoint
Presentation that is Step 4
Contents Here beautifully designed.
Get a modern
PowerPoint
Presentation that is
Step 3
beautifully designed.
Step 2
Contents Here
Get a modern
Step 1 PowerPoint
Presentation that is
Contents Here beautifully designed.
Get a modern
PowerPoint
Presentation that is
beautifully designed.
AWESOME
SLIDE
LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET,
CU USU AGAM INTEGRE IMPEDIT.
Infographic Style
Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations.
Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations.
Contents Title
You can simply Contents Title
impress your audience
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
and add a unique zing
appeal to your Presentations.
and appeal to your
Presentations.
Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations.
Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations.
Infographic Style
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Contents Title
Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos
and Text. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique
zing and appeal to your Presentations.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Two Columns
You can simply impress your audience You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. I hope and I believe your Presentations. I hope and I believe
that this Template will your Time, Money that this Template will your Time, Money
and Reputation. Easy to change colors, and Reputation. Easy to change colors,
photos and Text. Get a modern photos and Text. Get a modern
PowerPoint Presentation that is PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. You can simply beautifully designed. You can simply
impress your audience and add a unique impress your audience and add a unique
zing and appeal to your Presentations. zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors, photos and Text. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to
Columns
your Presentations. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Infographic
Money and Reputation. You can simply impress your audience and add a Simple
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors, Portfolio
photos and Text.
Designed
Thank You
Insert the Sub Title of Your Presentation
Fully Editable Shapes
Fully Editable Icon Sets: A
You can Resize without
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color
FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com
Fully Editable Icon Sets: B
You can Resize without
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color
FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com
Fully Editable Icon Sets: C
You can Resize without
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color
FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com