PERNAPASAN
Aliran
Proses Kontraksi Perubahan Gradien udara
aktif otot pern. vol. paru tekanan masuk dan
keluar
Otot pernafasan
Otot inspirasi Otot ekspirasi
• Otot inspirasi primer • Intercostalis
• Intercostalis eksternal eksterna
• Diafragma
• Thoracic transversus
• Otot inspirasi
aksesoris • Obliq internal
• Sternoclodio • Ratus abdominalis
mastoidius
• Scalanus
• Obliq eksternal
• Pectoralis minor
• Seratus anterior
Perbandingan bernafas tenang VS
paksa
Bernafas tenang
• Yang terlibat adalah diafragma + intercostalis
eksterna. Ekspirasi terjadi secara pasive
Bernafas paksa
• Otot aksesoris pernafasan terlibat sepanjang siklus
pernafasan. Ekspirasi terjadi secara aktive
• Hubungan
tekanan dan
volume di
paru-paru
AT REST INHALATION EXHALATION
Sternocleido-
mastoid
Scalene muscles
Diaphragm
Pleural Mediastinum
space
Diaphragm
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
External
intercostal
Diaphragm
Pleural Mediastinum
space
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Hb + O2 HbO2
Transport CO2
Transport O2
Plasma Red blood cells Cells in
Pulmonary peripheral
capillary tissues
Hb
Hb O2 Hb O2 O2 O2
O2 Hb O2
O2
Alveolar
air O2
Systemic
space capillary
O2 pickup O2 delivery
Plasma Red blood cell
Pulmonary
capillary
O2 O2
Alveolar
air O2
space
Plasma Red blood cell
Pulmonary
capillary
Hb
Hb O2
O2 O2
Alveolar
air O2
space
O2 pickup
Plasma Red blood cells
Pulmonary
capillary
Hb
Hb O2 Hb O2
O2 O2
Alveolar
air O2
Systemic
space capillary
O2 pickup O2 delivery
Plasma Red blood cells Cells in
Pulmonary peripheral
capillary tissues
Hb
Hb O2 Hb O2 O2 O2
O2 Hb O2
O2
Alveolar
air O2
Systemic
space capillary
O2 pickup O2 delivery
Transport CO2
Cl– Pulmonary
HCO3– Chloride
capillary
shift
HCO3–
Hb H+ + HCO3– Cl–
H+ + HCO3– Hb
Hb H+
H2CO3
H2CO3
Hb H+
CO2 CO2 CO2
H2O H2O
CO2
Hb
Hb CO2
Hb CO2 Hb CO2
Systemic
capillary
CO2
Systemic
capillary
CO2 pickup
H2CO3
CO2
H2O
Hb CO2
Hb CO2
Systemic
capillary
CO2 pickup
HCO3– Chloride
shift
H+ + HCO3– Cl–
Hb
H2CO3
Hb H+
CO2
H2O
Hb CO2
Hb CO2
Systemic
capillary
CO2 pickup
Cl– Pulmonary
HCO3– Chloride
capillary
shift
HCO3–
H+ + HCO3– Cl–
Hb
H2CO3
Hb H+
CO2
H2O
CO2
Hb CO2
Hb CO2 Hb CO2
Systemic
capillary