Membrane structure
phospholipids
integral proteins:
form channels
Membrane Channels / kanal ion
2. Gated channels
◦ Terbuka/menutup bergantung stimulus.
3 jenis Gated Channels :
1. chemically gated
peka terhadap senyawa hormon,
neurotransmiter & ion (e.g,. H+,
Ca2+)
2. voltage gated
peka terhadap perubahan
potensial membran
3. mechanically gated
peka terhadap stimulus mekanis
(vibration, pressure, stretch; e.g.,
stretch or touch receptors)
Potensial Membran Istirahat
Suatu beda potensial sebesar –70 mV pada membran
dalam kondisi istirahat.
Ini terjadi akibat perbedaan konsentrasi Na+, K+, Cl, dan
protein anions (A) di intra- dan ekstrasel.
Outside: Inside:
more Na+, Cl- more K+, protein (anion)
Negative inside compared to outside; RMP = -70 mV
Sodium-Potassium (Na+/K+) Pump
Merupakan alat
transport aktif (butuh
energi)
Diffusion
Diffusion
Memindahkan :
3 Na+ out of cell;
2 K+ into cell
Perubahan pada Potential Membran
Perubahan dapat berupa 3 event :
◦ Depolarization: bagian dalam membran
berkurang kenegativannya. Potensial
meningkat menuju nol.
◦ Repolarization: potensial membran kembali ke
nilai potensial istirahat.
◦ Hyperpolarization: bagian dalam membran
menjadi lebih negatif daripada keadaan
istirahat
Depolarization and Hyperpolarization
Fluktuasi potensial yang terjadi berfungsi sebagai
sinyal listrik , dan
Graded potentials
decrease in strength
as they spread out
from the point of
origin
Subthreshold and
suprathreshold
graded potentials
in a neuron
Subthreshold and
suprathreshold
graded potentials
in a neuron
2. Action Potential :
• Potensial membran berubah dari
-70 mV ke +30 mV, kemudian
kembali ke -70 mV.
1. Temperature
◦ warmer goes faster
◦ colder goes slower
2. pH (acid – base)
◦ pH < 7.35 (H+ increase) decreased excitability
(depression)
◦ pH > 7.45 (H+ decrease) increased excitability
3. Ca2+ levels
◦ Low Ca2+ → increases excitability
◦ High Ca2+ → decreases excitability
Komponen:
- Dentrites
- Cell Body
- Axon
- Terminal
Klasifikasi neuron
Tinjauan struktur:
◦ Multipolar: three or more processes
◦ Bipolar: two processes (axon and dendrite)
◦ Unipolar: single, short process
Tinjauan fungsi:
◦ Sensory (afferent): transmit impulses toward the CNS
◦ Motor (efferent): carry impulses away from the CNS
◦ Interneurons (association neurons): shuttle signals
through CNS pathways
Struktur:
Fungsi:
Mekanisme konduksi di neuron
Potensial aksi (AP) melintasi akson sebagai suatu
impulse.
2 jenis mekanisme konduksi:
◦ continuous
◦ saltatory
Conduction of Action Potentials
Conduction of Action Potentials
Conduction of Action Potentials
Saltatory Conduction
Stronger
stimulus
34
Jenis dan Fungsi serat saraf
Three groups of fibers:
◦A
◦B
◦C
Berbeda berdasarkan:
◦ diameter
◦ degree of myelination
Fiber Types - Group A
◦ Berdiameter besar (thickest)
◦ memiliki myelin sheath yang tebal
◦ Kecepatan konduksi: 15-150 m/s
◦ Fungsi:
◦ somatic motor dan somatic sensory (dari kulit,
otot skelet dan sendi: sentuh-tekan,
panas/dingin, regang, tekanan).
Fiber Types - Group B & C
Group B (intermediate): Fungsi Group B & C
◦ intermediate diameter antara lain:
◦ myelin sheath tipis ◦ Motorik autonomic ke
◦ Kecepatan konduksi 3-15 m/s
organ viscera
Group C (slowest): ◦ Serat sensori dari organ
◦ small diameter
viscera
◦ no myelin sheath (continuous ◦ Sebagian kecil sensori
conduction)
◦ Kecepatan konduksi 1 m/s, or somatic dari kulit (nyeri,
less
tekanan dan sentuhan
ringan)
Thank you for your attention