dan
Perkembangannya
Kewarganegaraan Semester 5
01 Perjalanan Demokrasi
02 Menjelaskan Demokrasi
03 Tipe-Tipe Demokrasi
04 Demokratisasi
Indikator
Pembahasan 05 Isu-Isu Kritis
06 Prospek Demokrasi
Perjalanan
Demokrasi
Sejarah
Demokrasi
Demokrasi sesungguhnya memiliki sejarah
panjang sejak bangsa Yunani Kuno yang hidup
pada tahun 500 sebelum Masehi menemukan dua
kata yang teramat populer sepanjang masa, demo
(rakyat) dan kratos (pemerintahan) yang
melahirkan istilah demokrasi.
Meski sesungguhnya banyak para sarjana
sepakat tonggak historis gagasan demokrasi dimulai
masa Yunani kuno, yakni masa ditemukannya istilah
tersebut ada baiknya kesemuanya pendapat tersebut
kita coba paparkan dibawah ini, disamping sebagai
pemenuhan upaya perolehan unsur obyektifitas juga
mencerminkan sikap bijak terhadap perbedaan
pendapat yang muncul.
Demokrasi Mesir &
Mesopotamia Kuno
Kajian “archeopolitics” yang ambisius dan
optimistik yang dilakukan oleh sejumlah ahli sejarah
politik, menemukan bahwa nilai-nilai demokrasi
sebetulnya telah tumbuh pada masa Mesir dan
Mesopotamia Kuno.
Schemeil juga menulis secara rinci dan
komparatif bahwa nilai-nilai demokrasi Mesir dan
Mesopotamia Kuno sesungguhnya lebih kaya
ketimbang nilai-nilai demokrasi di masa Yunani kuno.
Orang-orang Mesir dan Mesopotamia telah
membentuk banyak dewan kota dan majelis yang jauh
lebih demokratis ketimbang ―polis Yunani. Mereka
telah pula menyadari bahwa esensi ―demokrasi‖
yang sesungguhnya bukanlah terletak pada citizenship
(kewarganegaraan) melainkan pada pentingnya
memobilisasi warga, inilah bentuk partisipasi politik
yang populer di masa selanjutnya.
Demokrasi Yunani
Kuno (507 SM – 338
SM)
Di masa inilah konsep-konsep demokrasi diakui secara
formal dalam literatur kajian demokrasi disebagai fase awal. Asal
kata demokrasi yang berasal dari bahasa latin, yakni demos,
rakyat dan kratos, pemerintahan, adalah bukti awal bahwasanya
pada masa Yunani sesungguhnya istilah demokrasi dilahirkan.
Terlepas dari kritik yang muncul, sesungguhnya harus diakui
bahwa lembaga politik yang dibangun di masa Yunani Kuno telah
menciptakan pondasi bagi perkembangan demokrasi di masa-
masa berikutnya. Lahirnya kesadaran untuk melihat rakyat sebagai
kumpulan individu-individu yang berhak memerintah dirinya
sendiri, bebas dari tirani, pengenalan lembaga-lembaga politik dan
rotasi kepemimpinan dalam sebuah sistem adalah sumbangan
fundamental bagi perkembangan demokrasi.
Sayangnya demokrasi Yunani kuno harus lenyap di muka
bumi ketika Yunani ditaklukkan oleh Phillip of Macedon, raja dari
kerajaan Macedonia, dalam pertempuran Chaeronea pada tahun
338 SM. Sejak saat itu praktis hukum Macedonia yang digunakan
di wilayah Yunani.
Demokrasi Ro-
mawi Kuno
Polybus adalah sejarahwan yang mencatat perkembangan
demokrasi di masa kerajaan Romawi mulaimasa awal
berlangsungnya peperangan Perang Punic pada tahun 264 SM
hingga menyaksikan kehancuran Carthage pada 146 SM.
Orang Romawi menamakan sistem mereka suatu republik, yaitu
res yang berarti kejadian atau peristiwa dalam bahasa Latin, dan
publicus yaitu publik. Jadi apabila diterjemahkan secara bebas suatu
republik adalah sesuatu yang menjadi milik rakyat (Wattimena, R. A.
2017:181).
Place Your Picture Here Place Your Picture Here Place Your Picture Here Place Your Picture Here
Contents
Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money
and Reputation. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Contents
Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money
and Reputation. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Contents
Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money
and Reputation. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Portfolio Designed
PORTFOLIO
You can simply impress your audience and
DESIGNED
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and
Reputation.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is Place Your Picture Here
beautifully designed.
Infographic Style
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos
and Text. You can simply impress your audience and and Text. You can simply impress your audience
add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Easy to change colors, photos and Text. Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and
Text.
AWESOME
PRESENTATION
Portfolio Designed
You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. I hope and I
believe that this Template will your
Time, Money and Reputation.
Infographic Style
Contents Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Easy
s
e nt to change colors, photos.
o nt
C
nts
e
nt
Contents Here Contents Here
Co
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Easy Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Easy
s
to change colors, photos. e nt to change colors, photos.
ont
C
n ts
Contents Here e
ont
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is C
beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Easy
to change colors, photos.
Infographic Style
Modern PowerPoint
Presentation Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully designed.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations.
80% 70% You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations.
We Create Quality Professional
PPT Presentation
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique
zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text. You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
AWESOME
PRESENTATION
EASY TO CHANGE COLORS, PHOTOS.
Infographic Style
Add Text
Content Add Text
Simple
Simple
PowerPoint
Presentation
Here PowerPoint
Presentation
Get a modern
PowerPoint Get a modern
Presentation that PowerPoint
is beautifully Presentation that
designed. is beautifully
Get a modern designed.
Contents Here PowerPoint
Presentation that Contents Here
is beautifully
designed.
Contents Here
AWESOME Place Your Picture Here
SLIDE
LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET,
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET,
CU USU AGAM INTEGRE IMPEDIT.
Infographic Style
AWESOME POWERPOINT
You can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I Portfolio Presentation
hope and I believe that this Template will your
Time, Money and Reputation.
We Create
Professional Presentation Portfolio Presentation
Portfolio Presentation
PORTFOLIO
PRESENTATION
NO.1 POWERPOINT
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. You can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text.
1. Contents Here A
You can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Add Text
2. Contents Here B
You can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
01 02 03 04 05
Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here
Get a modern Get a modern Get a modern Get a modern Get a modern
PowerPoint PowerPoint PowerPoint PowerPoint PowerPoint
Presentation that Presentation that Presentation that Presentation that Presentation that
is beautifully is beautifully is beautifully is beautifully is beautifully
designed. designed. designed. designed. designed.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
PORTFOLIO
PRESENTATION
ALLPPT Layout
Clean Text Slide for your
Presentation
You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. I hope and I believe
that this Template will your Time, Money
and Reputation.
Modern Portfolio
Presentation
Infographic Style
01 02
03 04
Contents_Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your
Add Text Time, Money and Reputation.
Contents_Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your
Add Text Time, Money and Reputation.
Place Your Picture Here
Contents_Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your
Add Text Time, Money and Reputation.
Infographic Style
Content Here Content Here Content Here Content Here Content Here
You can simply You can simply You can simply You can simply You can simply
impress your impress your impress your impress your impress your
audience and add audience and add audience and add audience and add audience and add
a unique zing and a unique zing and a unique zing and a unique zing and a unique zing and
appeal to your appeal to your appeal to your appeal to your appeal to your
Presentations. Presentations. Presentations. Presentations. Presentations.
Get a modern Get a modern Get a modern Get a modern Get a modern
PowerPoint PowerPoint PowerPoint PowerPoint PowerPoint
Presentation that Presentation that Presentation that Presentation that Presentation that
is beautifully is beautifully is beautifully is beautifully is beautifully
designed. designed. designed. designed. designed.
Infographic Style
Column
your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I
hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations.
Style I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. You can
simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
You can simply impress your audience and You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. I hope and I believe that this Presentations. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and Template will your Time, Money and
Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy
to change colors, photos and Text. I hope and to change colors, photos and Text. I hope and
I believe that this Template will your Time, I believe that this Template will your Time,
Money and Reputation. Get a modern Money and Reputation. Get a modern
PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. Easy to change colors, photos and designed. Easy to change colors, photos and
Text. I hope and I believe that this Template Text. I hope and I believe that this Template
Column
will your Time, Money and Reputation. will your Time, Money and Reputation.
You can simply impress your audience and You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint
Style
Presentation that is beautifully designed. Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that
is beautifully designed. is beautifully designed.
THANK YOU
Insert the Subtitle of Your Presentation
Fully Editable Shapes
Fully Editable Shapes
Fully Editable Icon Sets: A
FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com
Fully Editable Icon Sets: B
FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com
Fully Editable Icon Sets: C
FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com