SISTEM ENDOKRIN

Disusun Oleh :

Arika Widya R. ( 6411418119 )

Agnes Intan I. ( 6411418120 )
Layla Dian N. C. ( 6411418132 )
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Perbedaan Sistem Saraf dan Hormon

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Sistem Saraf Sistem Hormon
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Aksi Rangsangan Bersifat Cepat Bersifat Lambat

Pengaturan Sistem Tubuh Melalui Serabut Saraf Melalui Pembuluh Darah

Sekresi Jangka Pendek Jangka Panjang

Komunikasi Antar Organ Sistem Sirkulasi Sinapsi
Kelenjar Endokrin
Hormon Hipotalamus

Hipofisis Hipofisis Hipofisis

Anterior Pars Media Posterior

• Hormon Somatotropin (STH) • Melanosit Stimulating • Oksitosin

• Hormon tirotropin atau Hormon (MSH) • Hormon ADH
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
• Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)   
• Prolaktin (PRL) atau
Lactogenic hormone (LTH) 
• Hormon Gonadotropin
Hormon Tiroid

Tiroksin Triiodontironin Kalsitonin

(T4) (T3)
Hormon Paratiroid

Parathormon
(PTH) Hormon Timus

Hormon
Timus
Hormon Adrenal

Adrenalin
Mineralokortikoid Glukokortikoid (epinefrin) dan
noradrenalin
Hormon Pankreas

Glukagon

Insulin
Hormon Pienalis

Pienal
Hormon Kelamin

Luteinizing
Follicle Stimulating Prolactine
Hormone
Inhibiting
Hormone Releasing Releasing
Hormone
Hormone
Hormone (PIH)
(LH-RH)
(FSH-RH)
Diabetes Insipidus
 Definisi
Kelainan pada kelenjar hipofisis karena
kekurangan hormon ADH atau vasopresin yang
menyebabkan kondisi seringnya frekuensi buang
air kecil dan rasa haus yang berlebihan.

 Etiologi
Diabetes insipidus sentral disebabkan kondisi
yang mengganggu pembuatan,penyimpanan, dan
pelepasan ADH. Angka kejadian sama antara laki-
laki dan perempuan, dapat terjadi pada
seluruh rentang usia, dengan onset terutama
pada usia 10-20 tahun.
 Patogenesis Manifestasi Klinis Komplikasi

Diabetes insipidus
dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu
diabetes insipidus Diabetes insipidus
Membuat ginjal tidak
sentral, dimana punya gejala yang
bisa menahan air dan
gangguannya umum terjadi, salah
membuang banyak
pada vasopresin itu satunya yaitu
cairan, sehingga
sendiri dan diabetes seringnya frekuensi
akhirnya tubuh
insipidus nefrogenik, buang air kecil dan
kekurangan cairan.
dimana gangguannya rasa haus yang
adalah karena tidak berlebihan.
responsifnya tubulus
ginjal terhadap
vasopresin.
 Prognosis
Diabetes insipidus jarang
mengancam jiwa, tetapi mungkin
menunjukkan keadaan serius yang
mendasari.
Pengobatan
• Diabetes Insipidus Kranial/
Sentral
1. Desmopressin.
2. Thiazide diuretik
3. Obat Anti-inflamasi Non-
steroid
• Diabetes Insipidus Nefrogenik
1. Mengonsumsi obat
2. Meminum banyak air putih
3. Mengurangi asupan garam j
Hipertiroid
Definisi
Hipertiroidisme adalah kondisi
di mana kerja hormon tiroid
mengakibatkan respons yang lebih
besar dari keadaan normal.

Etiologi
Lebih dari 95% kasus hipertiroid disebabkan
oleh penyakit graves, suatu penyakit tiroid
autoimun yang antibodinya merangsang
sel-sel untuk menghasilkan hormon yang
berlebihan.
 Patogenesis

Bukti yang sudah banyak terjadi mendukung suatu

patogenesis autoimun untuk penyakit Graves atau Hipertiroidisme ini.
Autoantibodi mikrosom tiroid didapatkan sekitar 85% dari
semua pasien, dan antibodi tiroglobulin didapatkan sekitar 30%.
Yang lebih penting dari segi patogenik adalah adanya suatu
susunan antibodi terhadap reseptor TSH atau sesuatu yang dimiliki
selaput sel yang sangat erat hubungannya dengan reseptor tersebut.
Manifestasi Klinis

Keluhan yang sering timbul antara lain adalah :

 Gangguan reproduksi
 Tidak tahan panas
 Cepat letih
 Haid sedikit dan tidak tetap
 Mata melotot
 Komplikasi
Komplikasi adalah penyakit jantung
hipertiroid, oftalmopati Graves,
dermopati Graves, infeksi karena
agranulositosis pada pengobatan
dengan obat antitiroid.
Hipertiroid yang terjadi pada anak-
anak juga dapat menyebabkan
gangguan pertumbuhan.
Prognosis
Prognosis dari penderita ini
adalah ragu ragu untuk sehat
karena apabila penderita patuh
menjalani terapi, dianjurkan
supaya pasien dapat datang
kontrol selama 4-6 minggu sekali.
Pengobatan

Obat - Obatan

Terapi Iodium Radioaktif

Operasi
Tiroiditis Hashimoto
 Definisi Etiologi

kondisi peradangan • Genetik

pada kelenjar tiroid • Hormon
yang disebabkan • Radiasi
oleh serangan dari
• Riwayat
sistem kekebalan
tubuh sendiri penyakit
(autoimun) terhadap autoimun
kelenjar tiroid • Usia
 patogenesis

Tiroiditis Hashimoto adalah model

pertama dari suatu penyakit autoimun jaringan khusus.
Suatu model percobaan penyakit tersebut dapat
dibuat pada hewan coba dengan mensensitisasikan terhadap
antigen tiroid, dan pasiennya mempunyai bermacam-macam
autoantibodi terhadap antigen tiroid istimewa. Diantara antibodi
tersebut yang paling banyak adalah (95% dari semua kasus)
antibodi antimikrosom tiroid. Yang agak
kurang sedikit adalah antibodi antitiroglobulin.
Manifestasi Klinis
Pertama umumnya muncul adalah gondok atau
pembengkakan pada kelenjar tiroid lalu
berkembang dari tahun ke tahun dan
menyebabkan kerusakan kronis pada kelenjar
tiroid.

Komplikasi
• Gondok
• Masalah jantung
• Masalah kesehatan mental
• Myxedema (miks-uh-DEE-muh).
• Cacat lahir
 Prognosis Pengobatan

Disfungsi tiroid simtomatik merupakan

Berikut pengobatan Tiroiditis
komplikasi yang paling umum, dengan
Hashimoto, yaitu :
sekitar 5% orang dengan - Hormon Buatan
hipotiroidisme subklinis dan tiroiditis - Obat Levotiroksin
autoimun kronis yang mengalami - - Pembedahan
kegagalan tiroid setiap tahun
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Himawan, Sutisna. 1973. Patologi. Jakarta : Bagian Patologi Antomik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Indonesia
This text can be replaced with your own text
Marianti. 2017. Penyakit hashimoto. https://www.alodokter.com/penyakit-hashimoto (diakses 5 Oktober
2019)
Fitriani, Elies. 2017. Diabetes Insipidus. https://id.scribd.com/doc/34273223/Referat-Diabetes-Insipidus
(diakses 5 Oktober 2019)
Willy, Tjin. 2019. Hipertiroidisme. https://www.alodokter.com/hipertiroidisme (diakses 5 Oktober
2019)Ashoka. 2017.
Anatomi Fisiologi Sistem Endokrin. https://id.scribd.com/doc/28285604/Anatomi-Dan-Fisiologi-Sistem-
Endokrin (diakses 5 Oktober 2019)
Lusca, Aditya. 2016. Makalah Sistem Endokrin. https://id.scribd.com/doc/207770715/Makalah-Sistem-
Endokrin (diakses 5 Oktober 2019)
Dilla. 2017. Sistem Endokrin. https://id.scribd.com/doc/269406518/Sistem-Endokrin (diakses 5 Oktober
2019)
Rahma, Ajeng. 2018. Diabetes Insipidus. https://www.academia.edu/34007261/diabetes_Insipidus (diak-
ses 5 Oktober 2019)
Wikipedia. 2017. Hipotiroidisme Hashimoto. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashimoto
%27s_thyroiditis (diakses 5 Oktober 2019)
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