Trinandika Ardhana
RSUD Dr Moh. Saleh
Probolinggo
Aritmia
• Definisi: irama jantung diluar irama normal (irama
sinus)
• Bervariasi
• Ringan tidak menimbulkan gejala klinis
• Berat menyebabkan gangguan hemodinamik sampai
dengan mengancam nyawa (life-threathening)
Irama Sinus Normal
Sinus bradikardia
Junctional bradikardia
Sinus Arrest
Contoh Bradikardia
SYMPTOMATIC?
SIGN OF
EMERGENCY?
Takikardia
• Takikardia dapat diklasifikasikan dalam berbagai
cara, berdasarkan pemunculan kompleks QRS,
denyut jantung dan regularitas.
Takikardia supraventrikular
Atrial Fibrilasi
Takikardia Ventrikular
Manuver Vagal
• Tindakan untuk memperlambat denyut
jantung dengan menstimulasi n. vagus
• Stimulasi n. vagus akan melepaskan asetilkolin
yang akan menurunkan denyut jantung
• Termasuk: menahan napas, batuk, meletakkan
air dingin di wajah
Carotid Sinus Massage
Cardiac Arrest
• Definisi: Penghentian tiba-tiba fungsi mekanis
kardiovaskular, dapat bersifat reversibel oleh
tatalaksana yang tepat namun dapat
menyebabkan kematian apabila terlambat
ditangani
Ventricular Fibrillation
PEA
Ventricular Tachycardia
PULSELESS
Resusitasi
Tujuan :
> mengembalikan fungsi pernapasan
> mengembalikan sirkulasi
> mencegah kematian /kerusakan otak
20
Prinsip Resusitasi
1. Cepat mengenali dan aktivasi:
cepat mengenali tanda dan gejala henti jantung serta menghubungi
fasilitas kegawat daruratan misal panggil 118
2
o GRACE Score
o CRUSADE Score 3 guideline
o ESC Guideline
o PRECISE-DAPT Score o SCAI Guideline
o CCS Guideline
Diagnostic algorithm and triage in acute coronary syndrome
Timing of the blood draws and clinical decisions when using
the European Society of Cardiology 0 h/1 h algorithm
General Approach to Risk Stratification of Patients With Suspected ACS.
ACS indicates
acute coronary
syndrome; CDP,
clinical decision
pathway; and
ECG,
electrocardiogram
Gulati et al.2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain’ Circulation. 2021.
Algorithm for pre-hospital care of acute coronary syndromes
Jacek Kubica et al.Pre-hospital treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome, Medical Research Journal 2022
Mark et al. Emergency Department Coronary Risk Strategies, J Am Heart Assoc. 2021
Tousek P et al.Real-world registry of acute coronary syndrome Eur Heart J Supplements ,2022
Management strategy for patient STEMI
Flowchart reperfusion strategy ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
EMS, emergency medical services; FL, fibrinolysis; FMC, first medical contact; PCI, percutaneous
coronary intervention; PPCI, primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Wong et al.CCS/CAIC STEMI Guidelines.Canadian Journal of Cardiology,2019
Ibanez B et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of AMI-STEMI,Eur Heart J.2018
Table. Reperfusion treatment goals
Ibanez B et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of AMI-STEMI,Eur Heart J.2018
Management strategy for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Management strategy for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary
syndrome.
Collet JP et al.2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of ACS-NSTE ,Eur Heart J. 2021
Algorithm Selection of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome treatment strategy
and timing according to initial risk stratification
Collet JP et al.2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of ACS-NSTE ,Eur Heart J. 2021