Contoh :
Reaksi tanpa Pelarut Air
HCl(g) + NH3(g) NH4+ + Cl- NH4Cl(s)
Asam Basa
Reaksi dengan Pelarut Air
HCl(g) + H2O(aq) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Asam Basa ion hidronium
NH4OH(g) + H2O(aq) NH4OH2+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Basa Asam
2. Alkalosis respiratori
hiperventilasi CO2 banyak yg hilang H2CO3 H+
3. Asidosis metabolik
Diare, DM HCO3- PCO2 H+
4. Alkalosis metabolik
muntah H+ HCO3- PCO2
Gangguan asam-basa:
1. Asam karbonat:Bikarbonat
sistem dapar di CES untuk asam non-karbonat
2. Protein
sistem dapar di CIS & CES (Cairan ekstraseluler)
3. Hemoglobin
sistem dapar di eritrosit untuk asam karbonat
4. Phosphat
sistem dapar di ginjal dan CIS
Keseimbangan ion H+
Mekanisme Regulasi
Keseimbangan Asam-Basa
Normal
PARU
pCO2
ASAM CO
CO22
Nomogram Davenport
Cara membaca AGD
RANGKUMAN GANGGUAN KESEIMBANGAN
ASAM BASA
DISORDER pH PRIMER RESPON
KOMPENSASI
ASIDOSIS HCO3- pCO2
METABOLIK
ALKALOSIS HCO3- pCO2
METABOLIK
ASIDOSIS pCO2 HCO3-
RESPIRATORI
ALKALOSIS pCO2 HCO3-
RESPIRATORI
LATIHAN
Asidosis metabolik
pH 7.32, PCO2 40, HCO3 19 tdk terkompensasi
LATIHAN
pH 7.55, PCO2 20, HCO3 22 Alkalosis respiratorik
tdk terkompensasi
LATIHAN
pH 7.30, PCO2 50, HCO3 27 Asidosis respiratorik
terkompensasi sebagian
pH belum mencapai nilai normal masih
terkompensasi sebagian
LATIHAN
Alkalosis metabolik
pH 7.43, PCO2 48, HCO3 30 terkompensasi
LATIHAN
pH 7.44, PCO2 35, HCO3 26 normal
Terima kasih
Compensation
The Respiratory system and Renal systems compensate for
each other
attempt to return the pH to normal
ABG’s show that compensation is present when
the pH returns to normal or near normal
If the nonprimary system is in the normal range (CO2 35 to 45)
(HCO3 22-26), then that system is not compensating for the
primary.
For example:
In respiratory acidosis (pH<7.35, CO2>45), if the HCO3 is
>26, then the kidneys are compensating by retaining
bicarbonate.
If HCO3 is normal, then not compensating.