ELEKTROLI
T
Na, K
HIPONATREMIA
HIPONATREMIA
0 Hiponatremia serum sodium <135 mEq/L
Simptomatik Asimptomatik
-----------------------------------------------------------
(0.6x
BB)+ 1
Marti G, Schwarz C, Leichtle AB, et al. Etiology and symptoms of severe hypokalemia in emergency department patients. Eur J Emerg Med. 2014 Feb;21(1):46-51. doi:
10.1097/MEJ.0b013e3283643801.
ECG of Hypokalemia (1.7)
• ST depression
• T wave inversion.
• Prominent U waves.
Sources:
Litfl.com
Tatalaksana Hipokalemia
0 Patients with a history of congestive heart failure or myocardial
infarction should maintain a serum potassium concentration of at least
4 mEq/L (4 mmol per L)
0 For hypokalemia associated with diuretic use, stopping the diuretic or
reducing its dosage
0 Another strategy, if indicated to treat a comorbid condition, is use of an
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, angiotensin receptor
blocker (ARB), beta blocker, or potassium-sparing diuretic because
each of these drugs is associated with an elevation in serum potassium.
Viera AJ, Wouk N. Potassium Disorders: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Sep 15;92(6):487-
495.
Because use of IV kalium increases the risk of
hyperkalemia and can cause pain and phlebitis, IV
potassium should be reserved for patients:
• severe hypokalemia,
• hypokalemic ECG changes,
• physical signs or symptoms of hypokalemia,
• those unable to tolerate the oral form
Koreksi cepat :
KCL IV 10 – 30 mEq/ jam
Koreksi lambat :
2 – 3 x 20 – 40 mEq per oral
HIPERKALEMIA
Hiperkalemia
Kadar Serum Kalium Plasma > 5.0 mEq/L
0 Etiologi:
Increase Intake Redistribution from ICF to ECF
Hipoaldosteronism Seizure