Focus Group Discussion

MK TEKNIK ANALISA KUALITATIF

PRODI PWK ITK - 2017

 Definisi FGD
2

A unique method of qualitative research that

involves discussing a specific set of issues with a pre
determined group of people (Hennink, 2010)
Is a carefully planned series of discussions designed
to obtain perceptions on a defined area of interest in
a permissive, non-threatening environment
conducted with six to eight people influencing each
other by responding to ideas and comments of
others. (Krueger and Casey 2000)

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 Tujuan FGD
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To identify a range of different views around the research

topic
To gain an understanding of the issues from the perspective
of the participants themselves
To collect more wide-ranging information in a single
session
To create greater spontaneity in the contributions of
participants as it replicates everyday social interactions.
IS NOT TO reach consensus on the issues discussed, but to
encourage a range of responses which provide a greater
understanding of the attitudes, behavior, opinions or
perceptions of participants on the research issues
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 Kekurangan Interview Sederhana
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The artificial nature of standard interview

procedures
the influence of an interviewer on a respondent’s
comments
the limitations of pre-determined closed questioning
on enabling spontaneous responses or identifying
new issues

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 Kelebihan dan Batasan FGD
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 Kekurangan FGD
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 Sering didominasi oleh beberapa partisipan yang cenderung
memonopoli
 FGD lebih mengarah pada jawaban atas pertanyaan
“mengapa” atau “bagaimana”
 Sangat mengandalkan moderator yang handal, menggali
informasi lebih mendalam, menghentikan pembicaraan jika
sudah menyentuh hal-hal yang tidak berkaitan dengan topik
yang disodorkan, sikap dan komentar moderator yang tepat
akan berakibat pada rusaknya kinerja kelompok
 Tidak mampu menahan diri akan mendominasi diskusi,
sehingga “suara” partisipan yang sesungguhnya lebih
diharapkan malah tenggelam.
 Sulit menjumpai responden atau informan yang sesuai atau
tepat dengan topik serta tujuan yang ada.

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 Konteks FGD (vs Interviews)
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 Komposisi FGD
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 Moderator
 managing the discussion and the participant
 responsible for creating a comfortable environment within the
group to put participants at ease, ensuring that all members
share their views
 listening to contributions and asking follow-up questions
 monitoring the reactions of participants
 Remembering earlier points
 anticipating the next topic of discussion and remaining aware
of the timing and pacing of the discussion
 reinforcing that the views of all participants are valued, and
through managing the group dynamics so that certain
participants do not dominate the discussion
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 Komposisi FGD
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 Moderator (What should facilitator do)

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 Komposisi FGD
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 Moderator (What should facilitator do)

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 Komposisi FGD
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 Moderator (What should facilitator do)

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 Komposisi FGD
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 Note Taker
 to record the key issues raised in the discussion in as much
detail as possible
 record the facts as they are discussed and refrain from writing
any judgements about what is said
 Operate tape recorder
 to monitor the topics discussed in the group against those on
the discussion guide to identify whether the moderator has
overlooked any key areas
 to pay attention to the timing and pacing of the discussion
 Participants
 Not less than 6 and not more than 12 per group
 Stakeholders (informan)
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 Metode Pemilihan Partisipan
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 Nomination
 Key individuals nominate people they think would make
good participants
 Familiar with the topic
 Known for their ability to respectfully share their opinions
 Random Selection
 Participants will come from a large but defined group with
many eager participants, names can be randomly drawn
from a hat until the desired number of verified participants is
achieved

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 Metode Pemilihan Partisipan
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 All members of the same group

 Sometimes an already existing group serves as an ideal pool
from which to invite participants
 Same role/Job title
 defined by position, title or condition
 Volunteers
 When selection criteria is broad, participants can be
recruited with flyers and newspaper ads

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 Proses FGD
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1.Definisikan masalah
2.Tentukan sampel partisipan
3.Tentukan jumlah kelompok yang diperlukan (sebaiknya
buat lebih dari satu kelompok untuk memperoleh
kesamaan atau perbedaannya)
4.Menyiapkan pelaksanaan (meliputi pembentukan panitia
diskusi yang akan membantu merekrut partisipan,
penyiapan tempat yang kondusif, waktu yang tepat,
penyiapan moderator, serta penentuan alat bantu
rekam)
5.Penyiapan materi diskusi
6. Pelaksanaan diskusi
7. Analisis hasil

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 Pertimbangan Pemilihan Partisipan
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 Age
 Gender
 Experience Every person feels
more comfortable
 knowledge
expressing their
 Location opinions when they
 Affected are in a group
 Influenced
 Varying perspectives

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 Permsalahan Saat FGD
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 Permsalahan Saat FGD
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Participant’s domination

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 Desain Pertanyaan FGD
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 Short and clear

 Use everyday language of the target group (avoid: jargon [e.g.
protocol], abbreviations, acronyms).
 Open-ended (no fixed answers).
 Invitation to discussion: often begin with “how”, “what”, or
“why”.
 Developed or translated in the language of the FGD.
 Try to avoid questions that might trigger a conflict between the
facilitator and the participants
 Questions can involve activities: making a list, using rating
scales, drawing pictures, sorting pictures.
 Avoid leading participants towards a particular answer.

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 Desain Pertanyaan FGD
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 Phrased as discussionquestions not research questions

 Short and simple
 Use familiar phrases or terminology
 Informal and conversational
 Non-technical language
 Non-judgemental
 Uni-dimensional
 Open and non-directive
 Avoid dichotomous questions (yes or no)
 Promote discussion

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 Contoh Desain Pertanyaan FGD
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 Koleksi Data FGD
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 Record the main issues raised in the discussion

 Paraphrase the issues discussed
 Develop anobjective recordof the discussion
 Avoid recording own interpretation or judgements about the issues
 Retain specific colloquial phrases or terms in local language
 Record body language and non-verbal signals of participants
 Write notes in the language of the discussion for later translation
 Clearly label notes to correspondwith the discussiongroup and tape
recording
 Structure notes by discussion topic or questions on the
discussionguide
 Operate the tape-recorder
 Remind moderator of issues overlooked during the discussion

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 Analisis Hasil
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 Because of discussion process, analysis data should be conducted based
on transcript of the discussion process

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 Proses Analisis Hasil
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1. Melakukan coding terhadap sikap, pendapat

partisipan yang memiliki kesamaan
2. menentukan kesamaan sikap dan pendapat
berdasarkan konteks/ tema yang berbeda
3. menentukan persamaan istilah yang digunakan,
termasuk perbedaan pendapat terhadap istilah tadi
4. melakukan klasifikasi dan kategorisasi terhadap
sikap dan pendapat peserta FGD berdasarkan alur
diskusi.
5. mencari hubungan di antara masing-masing
kategorisasi yang ada untuk menentukan bentuk
bangunan hasil diskusi atau sikap dan pendapat
kelompok terhadap fokus diskusi
6. Menyiapkan draf laporan FGD

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 Tools Analisis Hasil (2)
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Tools How to
 Discourse analysis  Analyse question by
 Analytical induction question.
 Content Analysis  Look for themes
 Conversation analysis (repetitions).
 Look for group consensus or
dissenting views.
 Compare data from all
groups.
Data from recordings (transcripts),  Capture any key similarities
(transcripts of) focus group notes,
notes of debriefing with facilitator and in groups or notable
note taker differences.

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 26

Contoh
Pengelompokan
Tema pada
transkip

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