Lifmawati, S.

Si
Mata Pelajaran Biologi
MUTASI
Biologi Kelas XII
MUTASI
01 Jenis-jenis mutasi

02 Mekanisme mutasi

03 Penyebab Mutasi

Dampak Mutasi Serta

04 Contoh-Contoh Mutasi
Section Break
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Mutasi
peristiwa perubahan susunan atau
jumlah materi genetik pada
kromosom atau DNA

Mutagenesis

MUTASI

Mutan Mutagen
 Jenis-Jenis
Mutagen

Mutagen
Biologi
Mutagen
Fisika

Mutagen
Kimia
Mecam-Macam
Mutasi
 Mutasi Berdasarkan Jenis
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01 beautifully designed. You can simply
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02 Mutasi Germinal
Terjadi pada sel gamet,
diwariskan ke
keturunannya
 Mutasi Berdasarkan Cara
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Mutasi Alami:
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02
Mutasi Buatan
Berdasarkan tingkatan terjadinya atau jenis
materi genetik:

Mutasi
Mutasi Gen
Kromosom
 Mutasi Gen (Mutasi Titik)

perubahan materi genetik pada gen akibat

urutan basa nitrogen pada rantai DNA yang
berubah.

Place Your Picture Here

Perubahan Jenis Basa
Nitrogen (Subtitusi)

Perubahan Jumlah Basa

Nitrogen
 Mutasi Gen
Perubahan Jenis Basa Nitrogen (Subtitusi)

TRANSISI

Penggantian basa nitrogen yang sejenis

PURIN / A = PURIN / G
PIRIMIDIN / C = PIRIMIDIN / T

TRANSVERSI

Penggantian basa nitrogen yang tidak sejenis

PURIN (A/G) = PIRIMIDIN (C/T)

Dampak
Subtitusi
01 Mutasi Bermakna
Salah

(missense mutation)

perubahan kodon
yang menyebabkan perubahan
kode asam amino berbeda dari
kondisi normal
Your Picture Here

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Dampak
Subtitusi
02 Mutasi Diam

(silent mutation)

perubahan urutan/susunan
basa nitrogen pada dna yang
tidak menyebabkan perubahan
asam amino
Dampak
Subtitusi
03 Mutasi Tak
Bermakna

(nonsense mutation)

perubahan urutan/susunan
basa nitrogen pada dna yang
menghasilkan kodon stop
(UGA, UAG, UAA)
 Mutasi Gen
Perubahan Jumlah Basa Nitrogen Mutasi pergeseran rangka
(Frameshift Mutation)
Adisi / Penambahan

GCG

Delesi / Pengurangan
 Mutasi Gen
Perubahan Jumlah Basa Nitrogen
Insersi / Penyisipan

Duplikasi / Penggandaan
 Lengkapilah tabel di bawah
DNA
mRNA
Protein

Jika DNA tersebut mengalami mutasi menjadi rangkaian DNA di bawah :

1.
2.
3.
4.
Buatlah mRNA dari rangkaian DNA mutan diatas, asam amino yang dihasilkan dan jenis mutasi yang dialaminya.
Jawablah dalam bentuk tabel di bawah.

DNA mutan
mRNA
Protein
Jenis Mutasi
 Mutasi

MUTASI KRO- Your Picture Here

MOSOM
 01 DELESI
40% 80% 60%

DUPLIKASI
02

03 TRANSLOKASI

04 INVERSI

05 KATENASI
 Mutasi Gen

DELESI TERMINAL
 Mutasi Gen
DELESI INTERKALAR
TRANSLOKASI NONRESIPROK
TRANSLOKASI RESIPROK
INVERSI PERISENTRIK
INVERSI PARASENTRIK
 Perubahan Jumlah Kromosom
Euploidi
perubahan pada seluruh
materi genetik dalam satu
set kromosom (genom)
sehingga jumlah kromosom
menjadi kelipatan dari set
kromosom haploidnya.
01
02
Aneuploidi
perubahan jumlah kromosom
dalam suatu individu sehingga
jumlah kromosom menjadi lebih
banyak atau lebih sedikit dari
jumlah individu normal atau
diploid (2n)
 EUPLOIDI

Monoploid (n) Triploid (3n)

tiga genom di dalam
satu genom di
sel tubuhnya
dalam sel tubuhnya

Diploid (2n) Tetraploid (4n)

dua genom di empat genom di
dalam sel tubuhnya dalam sel tubuhnya
Aneuploidi
TRISOMI
MONOSOMI
2n + 1
2n - 1

ANEUPLOIDI

TETRASOMI
NULISOMI 2n + 2
2n - 2
Section Break
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 LK XY PR XX MUTASI
SEL TUBUH 44A+XY 44A+XX 45A+XX+21,
47,XX +21
22AA+XY 22AA+XX 44A+X0
44A+XXX
SEL GAMET 22A+X 22A+X

22A+Y
 DIPLOID TRISOMI NULISOMI MONOSOMI TRIPLOID TETRAPLOID
NO NAMA
(2n) (2n+1) (2n-2) (2n-1) (3n) (4n)
1 Manusia 46
2 Kucing 38
3 Lalat Buah 8
4 Apel 34

KARAKTER
NO SINDROM KARIOTIPE
FENOTIPE
1
2
3
4
5
6
 DIPLOID TRISOMI NULISOMI MONOSOMI TRIPLOID TETRAPLOID
NO NAMA
(2n) (2n+1) (2n-2) (2n-1) (3n) (4n)
1 Manusia 46
2 Kucing 38
3 Lalat Buah 8
4 Apel 34
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping2.htm`l

https://bit.ly/KaryotypingXII
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