WINONA MAHESWARI RAMADHAN 25 2011 020

KATA PENGANTAR

KATA PENGANTAR

Dengan mengucapkan syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat, taufik, dan hidayahNya penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas Penyaluran Air Buangan dan Drainase yang merupakan
salah syarat untuk mengikuti Ujian Akhir Semester.
Selesainya tugas ini tidak lepas dari dukungan berbagai pihak, oleh karena itu pada kesempatan ini
penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada:
1.

Moh. Rangga Sururi, S.T., M.T. selaku dosen yang memberi mata Penyaluran Air Buangan
dan Drainase,

2.

Wisnu Yudha, S.T. selaku asisten dosen mata kuliah Penyaluran Air Buangan dan Drainase
yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian tugas ini.

3.

Ibunda tercinta serta seluruh keluarga untuk dorongan moril dan materiil.

4.

Teman-teman sebagai tempat bertukar pikiran dalam penyelesaian tugas ini.

5.

Serta semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu yang telah membantu
pelaksanaan Tugas Akhir ini .
Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan, untuk itu kritik dan

saran sangat penulis harapkan sebagai perbaikan di masa yang akan datang. Akhir kata penulis
berharap agar laporan ini dapat bermanfaat khususnya bagi penulis sendiri dan umumnya bagi
rekan-rekan mahasiswa jurusan Teknik Lingkungan ITENAS Bandung.

Bandung, 22 Maret 2014

Winona Maheswari Ramadhan

(25 2011 020)

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DAFTAR TABEL

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................................................... i

DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................................................... ii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................................................iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR v
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................................vi

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1

LATAR BELAKANG .............................................................................................................. 1

1.2

MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN ....................................................................................................... 3

1.3

SASARAN................................................................................................................................ 3

1.4

RUANG LINGKUP KEGIATAN ............................................................................................ 3

1.5

SISTEMATIKA PELAPORAN ............................................................................................... 4

1.6

PERATURAN PERUNDANGAN ........................................................................................... 5

BAB II

METODOLOGI PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN

2.1

GAMBARAN UMUM METODOLOGI ................................................................................. 1

2.2

LANGKAH DAN URAIAN METODOLOGI ......................................................................... 1

BAB III

GAMBARAN UMUM WILAYAH PERENCANAAN

3.1

UMUM ..................................................................................................................................... 1

3.2

KONDISI FISIK DAERAH PERENCANAAN ...................................................................... 1

3.2.1

Letak Geografis ................................................................................................................. 2

3.2.2

Topografi........................................................................................................................... 2

3.2.3

Penggunaan Lahan ............................................................................................................ 4

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DAFTAR TABEL

3.2.4

Geologi .............................................................................................................................. 4

3.2.5

Geografis ........................................................................................................................... 6

3.2.6

Wilayah Administrasi ....................................................................................................... 6

3.2.7

Klimatologi ....................................................................................................................... 8

3.2.8

Hidrologi ........................................................................................................................... 8

3.2.9

Iklim dan Curah Hujan ...................................................................................................... 8

3.3

KEPENDUDUKAN ................................................................................................................. 9

3.4

KELURAHAN PANARAGAN ............................................................................................. 10

3.4.1

Daerah Pelayanan ............................................................................................................ 10

3.4.2

Perencanaan Sistem Perpipaan Air Limbah Kelurahan Panaragan RW 02 ................... 14

3.5

FASILITAS DI DAERAH PERENCANAAN ....................................................................... 15

3.5.1

Fasilitas Kebersihan ........................................................................................................ 15

3.5.2

Taman Kota ..................................................................................................................... 15

3.5.3

Fasilitas Pendidikan ........................................................................................................ 15

3.5.4

Fasilitas Kesehatan .......................................................................................................... 16

3.5.5

Fasilitas Peribadatan ....................................................................................................... 16

3.5.6

Fasilitas Perdagangan ...................................................................................................... 17

3.6

KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI .......................................................................................... 17

3.6.1

Kondisi Ekonomi ............................................................................................................ 17

3.6.2

Kondisi Sosial ................................................................................................................. 19

3.6.2.1

Jumlah dan Kepadatan Penduduk ........................................................................ 19

3.6.2.2

Penduduk Menurut Mata Pencaharian .................................................................. 20

BAB IV

LANDASAN TEORI

4.1

PENGERTIAN AIR BUANGAN ............................................................................................ 1

4.2

PENGALIRAN AIR BUANGAN ............................................................................................ 1

4.2.1

Jenis Pengaliran Air Buangan ........................................................................................... 2

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DAFTAR TABEL

4.2.2

Persyaratan Pengaliran Air Buangan ................................................................................ 3

4.2.3

Persyaratan Aliran Air Buangan ....................................................................................... 4

4.3

KUANTITAS, KUALITAS DAN KARAKTERISTIK AIR BUANGAN .............................. 7

4.3.1

Kuantitas Air Buangan ...................................................................................................... 7

4.3.2

Kualitas Air Buangan ........................................................................................................ 7

4.3.3

Karateristik Air Buangan .................................................................................................. 8

4.4

DASAR PERHITUNGAN ..................................................................................................... 12

4.4.1

Perhitungan Hidrolis ....................................................................................................... 12

4.4.2

Persamaan Aliran ............................................................................................................ 13

4.4.3

Debit Air Buangan .......................................................................................................... 14

4.5

4.4.3.1

Debit Satuan Air Buangan Domestik .................................................................... 15

4.4.3.2

Debit Air Buangan Domestik ............................................................................... 15

4.4.3.3

Debit Satuan Air Buangan Non Domestik ............................................................ 15

4.4.3.4

Debit Air Buangan Non Domestik ........................................................................ 16

4.4.3.5

Debit Rata-Rata..................................................................................................... 16

4.4.3.6

Debit Satuan Rata-Rata ......................................................................................... 17

4.4.3.7

Debit Satuan Hari Maksimum Air Buangan ......................................................... 17

4.4.3.8

Debit Satuan Hari Minimum................................................................................. 17

4.4.3.9

Debit Inflow .......................................................................................................... 17

4.4.3.10

Debit Puncak ......................................................................................................... 18

4.4.3.11

Debit Minimum..................................................................................................... 18

4.4.3.12

Debit Peak Design ................................................................................................ 19

SISTEM PENGELOLAAN AIR BUANGAN ....................................................................... 19

4.5.1

Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah Setempat (On Site System) .......................................... 19

4.5.2

Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah Terpusat (Off Site System) ........................................... 22

4.5.2.1

Conventional Sewer .............................................................................................. 22

4.5.2.2

Shallow Sewer ....................................................................................................... 22

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4.5.2.3
4.6

DAFTAR TABEL

Small Bore Sewer .................................................................................................. 23

DASAR PERENCANAAN DAN PERENCANAAN TEKNIS ............................................ 24

4.6.1

Dasar Perencanaan .......................................................................................................... 24

4.6.2

Faktor Penentu Perencanaan Sistem ............................................................................... 25

4.6.3

Pemilihan Sistem............................................................................................................. 25

4.6.4

Proyeksi Jumlah Penduduk ............................................................................................. 27

4.6.5

Sistem Pengumpulan ....................................................................................................... 29

4.6.6

Perencanaan Pola Jaringan .............................................................................................. 33

4.7

PRINSIP DALAM PENYALURAN AIR BUANGAN ......................................................... 35

4.7.1

Prinsip Kontinuitas .......................................................................................................... 35

4.7.2

Persamaan Energi ............................................................................................................ 35

4.7.3

Persamaan Aliran dari Manning...................................................................................... 36

4.8

PERPIPAAN .......................................................................................................................... 36

4.8.1

Profil Pipa ....................................................................................................................... 38

4.8.2

Bahan Pipa ...................................................................................................................... 39

4.8.3

Perletakkan Pipa.............................................................................................................. 42

4.8.4

Kemiringan Pipa ............................................................................................................. 44

4.8.5

Beban Terhadap Pipa ...................................................................................................... 45

4.8.6

Kedalaman Aliran ........................................................................................................... 46

4.8.7

Kedalaman Pemasangan Pipa ......................................................................................... 46

4.9

PERLENGKAPAN SALURAN ............................................................................................. 46

4.9.1

Manhole .......................................................................................................................... 46

4.9.2

Drop Manhole ................................................................................................................. 48

4.9.3

Terminal Clean Out ........................................................................................................ 49

4.9.4

Siphon ............................................................................................................................. 49
4.9.4.1

Kriteria Perencanaan ............................................................................................. 49

4.9.4.2

Dimensionering..................................................................................................... 50
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4.9.4.3

DAFTAR TABEL

Kehilangan Tekanan ............................................................................................. 50

4.9.5

Inlet Chamber ................................................................................................................. 51

4.9.6

Outlet Chamber ............................................................................................................... 51

4.9.7

Drain ............................................................................................................................... 51

4.9.8

Bangunan Penggelontor .................................................................................................. 51

4.9.9

Junction dan Transition .................................................................................................. 52

4.9.10

Belokan ........................................................................................................................... 52

4.9.11

Stasiun Pompa ................................................................................................................. 52

4.9.12

Ventilasi .......................................................................................................................... 53

4.10 Pipe Jacking ........................................................................................................................... 54

4.10.1

Metodologi Pekerjaan Pipe Jacking................................................................................ 54

4.10.2

Traffic Management Pekerjaan Saluran Pembawa (Jacking Methode)........................... 59

BAB V

KONSEP DESAIN SISTEM PERPIPAAN AIR LIMBAH

5.1

CATCHMENT AREA ............................................................................................................. 1

5.2

BAHAN PIPA DAN METODE PEMASANGAN PIPA ......................................................... 2

5.3

KEBUTUHAN BANGUNAN PELENGKAP ......................................................................... 2

BAB V

PERHITUNGAN PERENCANAAN JARINGAN PIPA AIR BUANGAN

6.1

KRITERIA PELAYANAN DAN TIMBULAN AIR BUANGAN .......................................... 1

6.2

TIMBULAN DEBIT AIR BUANGAN .................................................................................... 3

6.3

KEBUTUHAN DIAMETER PIPA AIR BUANGAN ............................................................. 6

6.4

BANGUNAN PELENGKAP ................................................................................................... 9

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DAFTAR TABEL

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Kemiringan Lereng Berdasarkan Luas Lahan............................................................... III-2

Tabel 3.2 Jumlah Penduduk Kota Bogor Tahun 2003 - 2012 ..................................................... III-10
Tabel 3.3 Jumlah Penduduk Wilayah Perencanaan RW 02 ........................................................ III-10
Tabel 3.4 Perkiraan Penduduk Terlayani RW 02 Kelurahan Panaragan .................................... III-11
Tabel 3.5 Fasilitas Pendidikan Formal Kota Bogor Tahun 2003 2012 .................................... III-16
Tabel 3.6 Sarana Kesehatan Kota Bogor Tahun 2002 - 2011 ..................................................... III-16
Tabel 3.7 Fasilitas Peribadatan Kota Bogor Tahun 2002 - 2011 ................................................ III-16
Tabel 3.8 Perusahaan Perdagangan Nasional di Kota Bogor ...................................................... III-17
Tabel 3.9 Balai Penelitian di Kota Bogor ................................................................................... III-18
Tabel 3.10 Luas Wilayah, Jumlah dan Kepadatan Penduduk Tahun 2003 - 2012...................... III-19
Tabel 3.11 Jenis Mata Pencaharian Penduduk di Kota Bogor Tahun 2003 2012 .................... III-20
Tabel 4.1 Karakteristik Fisik Air Buangan ................................................................................... IV-9
Tabel 6.1 Kriteria Pelayanan ......................................................................................................... VI-1
Tabel 6.2 Proyeksi Kebutuhan Air Limbah .................................................................................. VI-3
Tabel 6.3 Timbulan Debit Air Buangan ........................................................................................ VI-3
Tabel 6.4 Diameter Pipa Air Buangan .......................................................................................... VI-6
Tabel 6.5 Tipe Bak Kontrol .......................................................................................................... VI-9
Tabel 6.6 Kebutuhan Bangunan Pelengkap dan Metode Pemasangan Pipa ................................. VI-9
Tabel 6.7 Kebutuhan Bak Kontrol .............................................................................................. VI-12

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Metode Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan ...................................................................................II-3

Gambar 3.1 Peta Kontur Kota Bogor ............................................................................................ III-3
Gambar 3.2 Peta Geologi Kota Bogor .......................................................................................... III-5
Gambar 3.3 Peta Administrasi Kota Bogor................................................................................... III-7
Gambar 3.5 Lokasi Perencanaan Daerah Pelayanan ................................................................... III-11
Gambar 3.6 Peta DAS di Daerah Perencanaan ........................................................................... III-12
Gambar 3.7 Cakupan Pelayanan Perpipaan Air Limbah Kel.Panaragan RW 02 ........................ III-14
Gambar 3.8 Skematik Perpipaan Air Limbah Komunal Kel. Panaragan RW 02........................ III-14
Gambar 4.1 Sistem Pengaliran Air Buangan ................................................................................ IV-2
Gambar 4.2 Mannings Nomogram............................................................................................... IV-4
Gambar 4.3 Sistem Pembuangan Air Limbah On-Site .............................................................. IV-21
Gambar 4.4 Sistem Pembuangan Air Limbah Off-Site ............................................................... IV-23
Gambar 4.5 Sistem Terpisah ....................................................................................................... IV-29
Gambar 4.6 Sistem Tercampur ................................................................................................... IV-30
Gambar 4.7 Sistem Pengumpulan Air Buangan Kombinasi ....................................................... IV-31
Gambar 4.8 Skema Small Bore Sewer ........................................................................................ IV-32
Gambar 4.9 Layout Saluran Shallow Sewerage pada Perumahan ............................................... IV-32
Gambar 4.10 Pola Tegak lurus .................................................................................................... IV-33
Gambar 4.11 Pola Interceptor ..................................................................................................... IV-33
Gambar 4.12 Pola Lingkaran ...................................................................................................... IV-34
Gambar 4.13 Pola Kipas (Fan) ................................................................................................... IV-34
Gambar 4.14 Pola Radial ............................................................................................................ IV-35
Gambar 4.15 Jaringan Perpipaan Air Buangan ........................................................................... IV-36

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 4.16 Pipa Bulat Lingkaran ............................................................................................. IV-38

Gambar 4.17 Pipa Bulat Telur .................................................................................................... IV-39
Gambar 4.18 Profil Pipa Segi Empat .......................................................................................... IV-39
Gambar 4.19 Pipa Tanah Liat ..................................................................................................... IV-40
Gambar 4.20 Pipa Beton ............................................................................................................. IV-40
Gambar 4.21 Pipa Asbes ............................................................................................................. IV-41
Gambar 4.22 Pipa Besi................................................................................................................ IV-41
Gambar 4.23 Pipa PVC ............................................................................................................... IV-42
Gambar 4.24 Macam Penempatan Saluran Air Limbah ............................................................. IV-42
Gambar 4.25 Penempatan di Tepi Jalan ...................................................................................... IV-43
Gambar 4.26 Penempatan di Tengah Jalan ................................................................................. IV-43
Gambar 4.27 Penempatan pada Bagian Paling Banyak Beban Air Buangan ............................. IV-43
Gambar 4.28 Penempatan di Kedua Sisi Jalan ............................................................................ IV-44
Gambar 4.29 Penempatan Saluran pada Sisi Jalan dengan Elevasi Lebih Tinggi ...................... IV-44
Gambar 4.30 Manhole Riol Tipikal (A) dan Drop Manhole (B) ................................................ IV-49
Gambar 4.31 Potongan Stasiun Pompa Tampak Samping .......................................................... IV-53
Gambar 4.32 Bagan Alir Pipe Jacking ....................................................................................... IV-54
Gambar 4.33 Galian Tanah Tahap 1 ........................................................................................... IV-55
Gambar 4.34 Galian Tanah Tahap 2 ........................................................................................... IV-55
Gambar 4.35 Pemasangan Turap ................................................................................................ IV-55
Gambar 4.36 Pengecoran Lantai Kerja pada Lokasi Starting Pit ............................................... IV-56
Gambar 4.37 Mobilisasi Mesin Micro Tunneling ke Starting Pit ............................................... IV-56
Gambar 4.38 Pengecoran Truch Wall ......................................................................................... IV-57
Gambar 4.39 Pengeboran Micro Tunneling ................................................................................ IV-57
Gambar 4.40 Pengeboran Micro Tunneling ................................................................................ IV-58
Gambar 4.41 Proses Pengeboran Pemompaan Air pada Starting Pit.......................................... IV-58
Gambar 4.42 Pemasangan Pipa Non Jacking pada Dua Arah..................................................... IV-59
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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 4.43 Peragaan Pengaturan Traffic pada Siang dan Malam Hari.................................... IV-61
Gambar 5.1 Catchment Area Jaringan Pipa Air Limbah Kelurahan Panaragan ............................ V-1
Gambar 5.2 Rencana Jaringan Pipa Air Limbah Kelurahan Panaragan RW 02 ............................ V-1
Gambar 6.1 Kelurahan Panaragan RW 02 Terlayani .................................................................... VI-3

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1

Peta Rencana Jaringan Pipa Air Buangan ........................................................... L I

Lampiran 2

Peta Rencana Jaringan Pipa Air Buangan Blok Utama ......................................L II

Lampiran 3

Peta Rencana Jaringan Pipa Air Buangan Blok A............................................ L III

Lampiran 4

Peta Rencana Jaringan Pipa Air Buangan Blok B ............................................ L IV

Lampiran 5

Peta Rencana Jaringan Pipa Air Buangan Blok C ............................................. L V

Lampiran 6

Peta Rencana Jaringan Pipa Air Buangan Blok D............................................ L VI

Lampiran 7

Typical Manhole Tipe 01 Sampai 03 .............................................................. L VII

Lampiran 8

Typical Manhole Tipe 04 Sampai 07 ............................................................ L VIII

Lampiran 9

Typical Manhole (Pertemuan) Tipe a Sampai c ................................................ L IX

Lampiran 10

Detail dan Potongan Tutup Manholeh ............................................................... L X

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