A. GEOGRAPHY South Kalimantan is located between 114 19 13 116 33 28 East Longitude and 1 21 49 4 56 31.56 South Latitude, with the border surroundings as follow: Kalimantan Selatan terletak antara 114 19 13 116 33 28 BT dan 1 21 49 4 56 31.56 LS, dengan batas sebagai berikut: Norh Border (Utara) : Province of East Kalimantan (Propinsi Kaltim) South Border (Selatan) : Java Sea (Laut Jawa) West Border (Barat) : Province of Central Kalimantan (Propinsi Kalteng) East Border (Timur) : Makassar Strait (Selat Makasar)
B. CLIMATE South Kalimantan has tropical climate with temperature range between 19,5 C to 35,2 C and humidity between 74 - 91%. On October April is a rainy season, and between April October is dry season. Kalimantan Selatan beriklim tropis dengan suhu rata-rata 19,5 C to 35,2 C dan kelembaban antara 74 91 %. Musim penghujan berlangsung antara Oktober April dan musim kemarau antara April Oktober.
C. ADMINISTRATIVE South Kalimantan is devided into 11 (eleven) regencies and 2 (two) municipalaties with Banjarmasin as a capital. Kalimantan Selatan terbagi dalam 11 (sebelas) Kabupaten dan 2 (dua) Kotamadya dengan Banjarmasin sebagai ibukota propinsi. Table 1. Regencies of South Kalimantan Province No. REGENCY/MUNICIPAL CAPITAL LAND AREA (Km) PROSENTASE (%) 1 Tanah Laut Pelaihari 3.729,30 9,94 2 Tanah Bumbu Batulicin 5.066,96 13,50 3 Kotabaru Kotabaru 9.422,73 25,11 4 Banjar Martapura 4.710,97 12,55 5 Hulu Sungai Selatan Kandangan 1.804,94 4,81 6 Hulu Sungai Tengah Barabai 1.472,00 3,92 7 Hulu Sungai Utara Amuntai 951,25 2,53 8 Balangan Paringin 1.819,75 4,85 9 Tapin Rantau 2.174,95 5,80 10 Barito Kuala Marabahan 2.376,22 6,33 11 Tabalong Tanjung 3.599,95 9,59 12 Banjarmasin Banjarmasin 72,67 0,19 13 Banjarbaru Banjarbaru 328,83 0,88 Kalimantan Selatan 37.530,52 100,00 Source: Kalimantan Selatan dalam Angka, 2003 D. AREA and LAND USE The total area of South Kalimantan including 12 (twelve) miles to the sea is 55.639,52 Km2, composed of land area (37.530,52 Km2 ) and sea area until 12 (twelve) miles (18.109 Km2).Total area Kalimantan Selatan termasuk 12 (dua belas) mil laut adalah 55.639,52 Km2, dengan luas daratan 37.530,5 Km2 dan laut sampai 12 mil laut 18.109 Km2. E. GEOLOGICAL CONDITION Rock formation in South Kalimantan from old to young are as follow : Formasi batuan di Kalimantan Selatan dari tua ke muda adalah sebagai berikut: Pre Tertiary Rocks, have a Mesozoikum age, varied from granitic rocks, granodiorit, gabro, diabas, ultramafik schists, sedimentary rocks and metasediment, show an indication of ore mineralization. This formation lies at Meratus Highland. Grup batuan pra-tersier, berumur Mesozoikum, terdiri atas batuan granitis, granodiorit, gabro, diabas, sekis ultramafik, batuan sedimen dan metasedimen, menunjukkan indikasi mineralisasi bijih. Formasi ini menempati bagian tinggian Meratus. Tertiary Rocks, Kenozoikum Age (Eosen-Plistosen), comprises of Tanjung, Berai, Warukun and Dahor Formation. These sedimentary rocks shaped the hills and brought coal bearing formation (Tanjung and Warukin) and lies dominantly on west and east of Meratus Range. Grup batuan Tersier, berumur Kenozoikum (Eosen-Plistosen), terdiri atas Formasi Tanjung, Berai, Warukun, Dahor dan membawa batubara (Tanjung dan Warukin). Alluvial, produced from weathering process of older rocks, covered the low land area. Endapan Alluvial, dihasilkan dari proses pelapukan batuan sebelumnya, menempati dataran rendah. F. DEVELOPMENT ON MINING SECTOR Mining sector give approximately 17,56 % of Total Gross Domestic Product of South Kalimantan Province in 2003. Coal is a major and favorite mining product that attracted investors much and will increase in the year come due to best price of coal. Explorations on iron ore mineral have been conducted on Tanah Laut, Tanah Bumbu, Kotabaru and Balangan and will be exploited if the constrains are low. There is much kind of minerals such as: diamond, gold, marble, clay, serpentinite and etc that opened for exploitation. The derivative products from that mineral will give a economic advantage due the better price than only sale the mineral directly. Sektor pertambangan menyumbang sekitar 17,56 % dari Produk Domestik Bruto Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan pada tahun 2003. Batubara merupakan produk pertambangan andalan yang menarik bagi investor dan akan berkembang pada tahun-tahun mendatang seiring dengan baiknya harga batubara. Explorasi mineral bijih besi telah dilakukan di Tanah Laut, Tanah Bumbu, Kotabaru dan Balangan dan akan mulai dieksploitasi saat kondisinya memungkinkan. Masih banyak jenis mineral lainnya seperti : intan, emas, marmer, lempung, serpentinit dll yang terbuka bagi eksploitasi. Produk turunan dari mineral tersebut akan memberikan nilai tambah ekonomi dibanding memasarkan langsung mineral tersebut. II. POTENCY AND PROSPECT A. METALLIFEROUS DEPOSITS 1. IRON (BESI) Mainly Used Raw material of industries: anufactures, cement basic refractory, etal product, industry, etc.
Rock containing Iron Ore (Collection of Mining & Energy Office Laboratory) Table 2. Location, Resources and Reserves No. LOCATION (REGENCY) RESOURCES AND RESERVES (TONS) QUALITY 1 Tanah Laut Indicated: Hypothetical: 3.429.500 Fe : 50,60 62,57 S : 0,03 0,25 P : 0,04 0,10 2 Tanah Bumbu Indicated: 100.000.000 Fe : 44,2 47,0 T i O 2 : 0,24 0,4 C r2 O 3 : 2,43 2,6 M n O : 0,40 0,78 S i O 2 : 1,20 9,0 3 Kotabaru Indicated : 86.120.700 Fe : 46,76 C r2 O 3 : 1,44 S i O 2 : 2,49 Ni : 0,37 Co : 0,04 AI 2 O 3 : 8,88 4 Balangan Indicated : 86.120.700 Fe : 54,86 58,75 S : 0,07 0,61 P : 0,03 0,05
2. MANGANITE (MANGAN) Mainly Used Raw material of industries: Manufactures, battery industries, paint, furnace, fertilizer, etc. Table 3. Location And Resources and Reserves No. LOCATION (REGENCY) RESOURCES AND RESERVES (TONS) QUALITY (%) 1 Tanah Laut Unknown S i O 2 : 3,37 28,51 MnO 2 : 4,11 68,64 H 2 O : 0,2 6,2 AI 2 O 3 : 11,89 Fe 2 O 3 : 0,98 18,59
3. NICKEL (NIKEL) Mainly Used Raw material of industries: Metal industries, stainless steel, electricity, catalisator, ceramic, magnet, etc Table 4. Location And Resources and Reserves No. LOCATION (REGENCY) RESOURCES AND RESERVES (MILLIONS TONS) QUALITY 1 Tanah Laut Indicated: Ni : 1,2 2 Tanah Bumbu Unknown Ni : 1,12 3 Banjar Unknown Ni :
4. CHROMITE (KROMIT) Mainly Used Raw material of industries: Stainless steel, refractory, and textile
5. GRANITIC ROCKS (BATUAN GRANITIS) Mainly Used Construction material, ornament.
Granite (Collection of Sub Din Pengembangan Wilayah)
Table 5. Location And Resources and Reserve No. LOCATION (REGENCY) RESOURCES AND RESERVES (m) QUALITY 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah Hypothetical : 00.000 - 2 Hulu Sungai Selatan Hypothetical : 481.582.400 - 3 Banjar Unknown - 4 Tanah Laut Unknown -
A. ENERGY RESOURCES 1. COAL (BATU BARA) Mainly Used Electric Power Plant (steam coal), steel industry (coking coal), home energy (coal briquette) etc.
Coal and its mainly uses (Collection of Laboratory of Mining and Energy Office, South Kalimantan Province)
Table 6. Location And Resources and Reserves No. LOCATION (REGENCY) RESOURCES AND RESERVES (TONS) QUALITY 1 Kotabaru Hypothetical : IM : 3,17 22,04 Ash : 0,42 20,99 FC : 29,17 51,1 S : 0,4 4,18 VM : 33,91 50,4 Kal : 4.821,8 7.280 kal/gr 2 Tanah Laut Measured : 325.031 IM : 7,58 16,51 Ash : 1,21 24,29 FC : 25,94 46,62 S : 1,35 2,30 VM : 34,23 46,62 Kal : 4.714 6.316 kal/gr Stut : 0,28 1,62 HGI : 52 91 N.Cal : 5612 6415 kal/gr 3 Banjar Measured : Indicated : IM : 2,87 18,6 Ash : 1,57 34,65 VM : 9,40 48,40 Kal : 4.030 7.908 kal/gr S : 0,25 1,5 4 Tapin Hypothetical : Indicated : Measured : Inferred : IM : 5,00 37,75 Ash : 0,40 20,80 VM : 32,91 53,90 Kal : 4.442 7.340 kal/gr S : 0,02 4,24 HGI : 48 FC : 22,90 50,45 5 Hulu Sungai Selatan Hypothetical : IM : 2,05 22,20 Ash : 0,58 10,46 VM : 2,45 45,84 Kal : 5.416 7.457 kal/gr S : 0,24 1,44 FC : 4,21 50,41 6 Balangan Hypothetical : Measured : 780.000.000 Indicated : 292.000.000 Inferred : 325.000.000 IM : 6,70 21,43 Ash : 1,00 11,74 VM : 34,15 46,80 Kal : 4.806 7.111 kal/gr S : 0,07 2,90 FC : 37,28 52,50 7 Tabalong Hypothetical : IM : 6,37 22,01 Ash : 2,36 24,09 VM : 29,06 42,71 Kal : 4.208 6.912 kal/gr S : 0,28 9,35 FC : 31,16 51,42 8 Hulu Sungai Tengah Hypothetical : IM : 8,11 21,31 Ash : 0,72 13,91 VM : 36,14 46,28 Kal : 5.946 6.980 kal/gr S : 0,25 1,54 FC : 31,97 51,98
2. PEAT (GAMBUT) Mainly Used Alternative energy resources. Table 7. Location And Resources and Reserves No. LOCATION (REGENCY) RESOURCES AND RESERVES (m) QUALITY 1 Banjar Hypothetical : 13.682.000 IM : 79,60 91,78 Ash : 0,17 7,78 FC : 6,67 17,03 S : 0,01 0,05 Kal : 372 989 kal/gr 2 Tapin Unknown IM : 10,74 14,43 Ash : 42,44 56,08 FC : 9,53 12,15 S : 0,25 0,54 Kal : 663 3.585 kal/gr 3 Hulu Sungai Utara Hypothetical : 350.069.000 IM : 9,74 Ash : 4,79 VM : 54,29 Kal : 4.950 kal/gr 4 Balangan Hypothetical : 112.000.000 IM : 11,25 12,82 Ash : 11,88 24,65 VM : 47,07 51,54 Kal : 3.238 4.637 kal/gr FC : 15,46 25,33
CONTRACT OF WORK ON MINING IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN (PEMEGANG IJIN USAHA PERTAMBANGAN DI PROPINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN)
I. CONTRACT OF WORK (KONTRAK KARYA)
No. Company Name Activity Area (Ha) Kind of Mineral Remark Remark 1 PT. Meratus Sumber Mas Exploitation Facilities Development 8,684.00 Gold Emas Kotabaru, Tapin and Banjar 3 rd
Generation Generasi III 2 PT. Galuh Cempaka Exploitation Facilities Development 2,944.00 Diamond Intan Alluvial Banjar baru and Tanah Laut 7 th
Generation Generasi VII 3 PT. Pelrast International Exploration 201,000.00 Gold Emas Banjar, Tanah Laut and Kotabaru 7 th
Generation Generasi VII T O T A L Eksploration: 201,000.00 ha Construction of exploitation facilities: 11,628.00 ha II. AGREEMENT OF WORK ON COAL MINING PERJANJIAN KARYA PENGUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA (PKP2B) No. Company Name Activity Area (Ha) Regency Remark 1 PT. Arutmin Indonesia Exploitation/Production 59,217.00 Kotabaru, Tanah Laut dan Tanah Bumbu 1st Generation Generasi I 2 PT. Adaro Indonesia Exploitation/Production 35,782.00 Tabalong dan Balangan 1st Generation Generasi I 3 PT. Bentala Coal Mining Exploitation/Production Construction 2,095.00 32,005.00 Balangan 2nd Generation Generasi II 4 PT. Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku Exploitation/Production 5,871.00 Kotabaru 2nd Generation Generasi II 5 PT. Antang Gunung Meratus Exploitation/Production 22,433.00 Banjar, Tapin, Hulu Sungai Selatan & Hulu Sungai Tengah 2nd Generation Generasi II 6 PT. Jorong Barutama G Exploitation/Production/ Construction 7,341.00 12,770.00 Tanah Laut Tanah Laut 2nd Generation Generasi II 7 PT. Bara Multi Exploitation/Production 6,625.00 Banjar, Tanah Laut & 3rd Sukses Sarana Banjarbaru Generation Generasi III 8 PT. Kadya Caraka Mulia Exploitation/Production/ Exploration 1,575.00 3,053.00 Banjar 3rd Generation Generasi III 9 PD. Baramarta Exploitation/Production Exploration 1,621.00 5,865.00 Banjar 3rd Generation Generasi III 10 PT. Sumber Kurnia Buana Exploitation/Production Exploration 10,920.00 Banjar & Tapin 11 PT. Tanjung Alam Jaya Exploitation/Production Exploration 1,232.00 8,877.00 Banjar 3rd Generation Generasi III 12 PT. Kalimantan Energi Lestari Exploitation/Production Exploration 6,261.00 Kotabaru 3rd Generation Generasi III 13 PT. Senamas Energindo Mulia Exploitation/Production FS Exploration 10,000.00 25,830.00 13,250.00 Kotabaru Kotabaru Kotabaru 3rd Generation Generasi III 14 PT. Bina Bangun Banua Feasibility study 6,960.00 Banjar & Tapin 3rd Generation Generasi III 15 PT. Borneo Indobara Feasibility study 24,100.00 Tanah Bumbu 3rd Generation Generasi III 16 PT. Mantimin Coal Mining Construction Exploration 8,280.00 12,327.00 Tabalong & Balangan Balangan & Tengah 3rd Generation Generasi III 17 PT. Bara Pramulya Abadi Exploration 56,980.00 Tabalong 3rd Generation Generasi III 18 PT. Wahana Baratama Mining Feasibility study 7,811.00 Tanah Laut dan Tanah Bumbu 3rd Generation Generasi III 19 PT. Lianganggang Cemerlang Development Exploration 236.00 1,855.00 Tanah Laut Tanah Laut 3rd Generation Generasi III 20 PT. Interex Sacra Raya Exploration 9,710.00 Tabalong 3rd Generation Generasi III 21 PT. Eka Satya Yanatama Exploration 51,010.00 Tanah Bumbu & Kotabaru 3rd Generation Generasi III 22 PT. Multi Tambang Jaya Utama Exploration 80.00 Tabalong 3rd Generation Generasi III 23 PT. Terrarex General Study 664.80 Tabalong 3rd Generation Generasi III 24 PT. Tohar Antareja General Study 4,404.00 Tabalong T O T A L General study: 5,068.80 ha Explorati on: 258,028.60 ha Feasibility Study: 80,341.00 ha Construction: 47,441.00 ha Production/Exploitation: 170,973.00 ha Total Mining Authority (Kuasa Pertambangan (KP)): 129 Total Mining Authority for Small Scale (Kuasa Pertambangan KUD): 40
III. INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPPORTING FACILITIES A. ROAD Road facilities on South Kalimantan devided into 3 (three) classes with total lenght are 7721,65 Km, in which national, provincial and regency road are 864,07 Km, 954,23 Km and 5903,35 Km. These road have 4,55 m in width and can be used with 8-10 ton capacity. Fasilitas jalan di Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan terbagi menjadi 3 (tiga) kelas dengan panjang total 7721,65 Km masing-masing 864,07 Km, 954,23 Km and 5903,35 Km panjang jalan negara, propinsi, dan kabupaten. B. HARBOR Trisakti harbor is the biggest harbor in South Kalimantan Province and act as an entry from and to South Kalimantan, East region of Central Kalimantan and south region of East Kalimantan. This harbor has quay lenght 510 m, warehouse 8.450 m2 and container field 48.836 m. Pelabuhan Trisakti adalah pelabuhan terbesar di Kalsel dan merupakan pintu masuk ke dan dari bagian timur Kalteng dan bagian selatan Kaltim, memiliki panjang dermaga 510 m, gudang 8.450 m2 dan lapangan kontainer 48.836 m. The second biggest harbor is an open ocean harbor lies in Batulicin. This harbor served the passenger ship from and to Makassar, Balikpapan and Surabaya. Pelabuhan terbesar kedua adalah pelabuhan samudera yang berada di Batulicin yang melayani arus penumpang dari dan ke Makasar, Balikpapan dan Surabaya. The third harbor is special harbor for coal export in Mekar Putih, that can be anchored vessel with tonage 100.000-200.000 Dwt. Pelabuhan ketiga merupakan pelabuhan khusus batubara di Mekar Putih yang dapat disandari kapal dengan bobot 100.000 200.000 Dwt.
A. RIVER TRANSPORTATION There are many river lie in South Kalimantan that can be used for transportation around South Kalimantan itself or to and from Central Kalimantan such as: Buntok, Muara Teweh, Palangkaraya and Kapuas. Kalsel memiliki banyak sungai yang dapat digunakan sebagai sarana transportasi sampai ke arah Buntok, Muara Teweh, Palangkaraya dan Kapuas.
A. AIRPORT South Kalimantan Province has 1 (one) domestic airport, Syamsuddin Noor Airport, with base lenght 2.500 meter that can be landed by Boeing 767 or equal with Boeing 747 (only for pilgrimage service). The other airport are Stagen in Kotabaru, Bersujud in Tanah Bumbu and Warukin in Tabalong. They only can be landed by small plane like F - 27. Kalsel memiliki 1 (satu) bandar udara domestik, Syamsudin Noor, dengan landasan pacu sepanjang 2.500 m dan dapat didarati pesawat Boeing 767 setara Boeing 747 (untuk keperluan haji). Bandar udara lainnya terdapat di Stagen, Kotabaru; Bersujud, Tanah Bumbu dan Warukin, Tabalong yang bisa didarati pesawat kecil jenis F-27.
B. ELECTRICITY Electricity in South Kalimantan provided by PT PLN and devide into 2 (two) sectors and 3 (three) branches as: Barito and Asam-asam sector, and Banjarmasin, Kotabaru and Barabai branch. In 2002 PT PLN produced 171 MW electricity and sale to the community (total customer 510.953) about 495 GWH and approximately covered 87,45% of total villages. From the total customer, 475.401 are municipal customer, 19.923 are private services,500 industrial customer and 15.129 are public services. Tenaga listrik di Kalsel disediakan oleh PT PLN dan terbagi dalam 2 (dua) sektor dan 3 (tiga) cabang. Di tahun 2002 PT PLN memproduksi 171 MW dan melayani 510.953 pelanggan sekitar 495 GWH dan menliputi 87,45 % dari total desa. Dari total pelanggan tersebut, 475.401 adalah pelanggan rumah tangga, 19.923 usaha, 500 industri dan 15.129 umum.
C. TELECOMMUNICATION Until December 2002, Central phone capacity provided by PT Telkom is 103.198 an distributed to customers 84.260 phone connection, 497 public phone and 2.684 of Wartel. This condition shows that the central phone capacity is much bigger than new requesting phone connection. Sampai dengan Desember 2002, kapasitas sentral telpon terpasang yang disediakan PT Telkom adalah 103.109 yang meliputi 84.260 rumah tangga, 497 telpon umum, dan 2.684 wartel. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas sentral telpon masih lebih besar daripada permintaan sambungan.
D. FRESH WATER SUPPLY Fresh water supplied by PDAM if in the capital of regency or province, while on remote area dominantly from private wells or a river. Sarana air bersih disediakan oleh PDAM di kota-kota kabupaten atau propinsi, sementara di pedesaan umumnya menggunakan sumur dangkal atau sungai.
IV. SUPPORTING FACILITIES AT MINING AND ENERGY OFFICE A. LABORATORY The laboratory under Unit Pelayanan Jasa Sumberdaya Mineral (UPJSDM) provided many analyses as in the table below: Laboratorium di bawah Unit Pelayanan Jasa Sumberdaya Mineral (UPJSDM) menyediakan pelayanan seperti dalam tabel sebagai berikut: Table 10. Services provided by Laboratory UPJSDM Mining & Energy Office No. Services Kind of Examination 1 Sample preparation (Preparasi contoh) Homogenous sample preparation 2 Chemical Water Analyses (Analsis Kimia Air) Physical and Chemical Analysis 3 Coal analysis (Analisis Batubara) Proximate analysis 4 Coal Briquette analysis (Analisis briket) Proximate analysis 5 Iron analysis (Analisis batubesi) Wet chemical and gravimetric analysis 6 Quartz sand analysis (Analisis Pasir Kuarsa) Wet chemical and gravimetric analysis 7 Kaolin analysis (Analisis Kaolin) Wet chemical and gravimetric analysis 8 Clay analysis (Analisis Lempung) Wet chemical and gravimetric analysis 9 Phosphate analysis (Analisis Fosfat) Wet chemical and gravimetric analysis 10 Mangaan analysis (Analisis Mangan) Wet chemical and gravimetric analysis 11 Limestone analysis (Analisis Batugamping) Wet chemical and gravimetric analysis 12 Physical analysis (Analisis Fisik) Size analysis, HGI, Density A. EXPLORATION SERVICES UPJSDM provided services as follow: UPJSDM menyediakan jasa antara lain: 1. Topographical Survey (Using Theodolite Wild TO, Theodolite Digital Nikon, Theodolite Nikon NE 10 LA, Planimeter, GPS etc) Survey Topografi (Menggunakan Theodolite Wild TO, Theodolite Digital Nikon, Theodolite Nikon NE 10 LA, Planimeter, GPS dll) 2. Exploration Services (Using GPS Garmin, Hand Auger, Geological hammer, geological compass, Suunto, Loupe etc) Jasa eksplorasi GPS Garmin, Hand Auger, Geological hammer, geological compass, Suunto, Loupe dll) 3. Drilling services for coal exploration and groundwater. Jasa pemboran eksplorasi dan air bawah tanah. 4. Geophysics exploration: Earth Resistivity (groundwater survey, lithological survey), and Logging Eksplorasi geofisika: Geolistrik (survey air bawah tanah, litologi) dan logging. 5. Map (geological, mineral resources, Mining Authority (KP), etc) Peta (geologi, mineral, Kuasa Pertambangan, dll) ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Our thanks are due to several people. They are : Kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:
Advisors: 1. Drs. Sukardhi (Head of Mining and Energy Office, South Kalimantan Province) 2. Siswansyah, SH, M.Si (Vice Head of Mining and Energy Office, South Kalimantan Province) 3. Ir. H. Tajuddin Noor, MS (Head of Subdin Pengembangan Wilayah) 4. Ir. Kustono Widodo ( Head of Unit Pelayanan Jasa SDM ) 5. Ir. R. Dwijono PHS (Head of Subdin Bina Pengusahaan Listrik & Energi) 6. Ir. Heryozani Dharma (Head of Subdin Bina Pertambangan) 7. Dra. Siti Rusmini Djaelani (Head of Tata Usaha) Reviewers and editors: 1. Ir. Ishak Haning (Mining Engineer, Kasi Penyiapan Wilayah & Lingkungan) 2. Ir. Rasman (Mining Engineer, Kasi Hidrogeologi & GTL) 3. Ir. Dahniar Ismahani (Geologist, Kasi Geologi & Sumberdaya Mineral) 4. Ir. Bambang Tri Wahyudiono, MT (Senior Geologist) 5. Ir. Aladdin GT Hutahayan (Senior Geologist) 6. Ir. Sarwi Eko Astuti (Chemical Engineer, Head of Laboratory)