ll I 'I
BETON BERTULANG
Beton Bertulang
Penyusun
Penerb i t
Rekayasa Sai n s
Pemasaran
BI - OBSBS
Pasar Buku Pa1asari No. 82
Bandung 40264
Te1p. (022)73 178 12
Fax .
(022)7317896
Ceta ka n Ketiga
ISBN
979-97478 - 0 - 5
'
KATA PENGANTAR
Beton Bertulang adalah merupakan kelompok MKK (Mata Kuliah
Keahlian), yang relevan untuk memperk:uat penguasaan dan memperluas
waw.asan kompetensi keilmuan atas dasar keunggulan kompetitif serta
komparatif pacta kurikulum Progam Studi S 1 & Diploma 3 atau yang setara
dengannya di program studi Teknik Sipil dan juga program studi
keteknikkan lainnya seperti program studi Arsitektur dan Teknik Lingkungan.
Mahasiswa di program studi tersebut akan sangat bennanfaat jika membaca
buku Beton Bertulang yang dilengkapi soal-soal dan penyelesaian ini,
termasuk para perencana pemula dan praktisi yang ingin mendalami tentang
dasar-dasar perhitungan perencanaan dan pemeriksaan penampang struktur
beton bertulang. Soal-soal dibuat sederhana tentang mekanika tekniknya
sehingga mudah untuk memahami perhitungan-perhitungan.
Kesempatan yang pertama ini dibuat contoh-contoh soal yang sederhana
serta perhitungan betonnya mendetail termasuk perhitungan perencanaan &
pemeriksaan penampang beton bertulang dengan cara analitis, maksudnya
adalah supaya para pembaca buku ini dengan cepat mengerti dan
memahami persoalan penampang akibat gaya-gaya dalam seperti momen
lentur, gaya aksial, gaya geser dan puntir/torsi, dengan dasar ilmu "Strength
Method", tapi ada juga beberapa contoh soal diselesaikan dengan cara
elastis. Kriteria perancangan & pemeriksaan mengacu kepada Standar
Perencanaan Struktur Beton Bertulang SK SNI-T15-1991-03 atau ACI Code
1983 dan peraturan lain yang berkaitan. Dalam buku ini terdapat soal-soal &
penyelesaian meliputi tentang perhitungan perencanaan & pemeriksaan
tulangan pokok, tulangan geser, tulangan konsol pendek (corbel) dan
perhitungan perencanaan fundasi telapak dan penulangannya serta "interaction
diagram" kolom. Juga analisis kolom penampang bulat diberikan contoh
soal & penyelesaian yang dihitung secara terinci, analitis dan sistematis.
Kata Pengantar
Ill
Buku ini telah disusun atas hasil keringat sendiri, pengalaman mengajar
selama 22 tahun dan pengalaman lapangan/proyek selama 15 tahun.
IV
Beton Bertulang
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ------------------------------------------------------------DAFTAR ISI --------------------------------------------------------------------
iii
1.1 Perencanaan Ba1ok Biasa dengan Tulangan Tunggal -----------------------i .2 Perencanaan Penampang Persegi terhadap Momen Lentur dengan Tulangan
Rangkap (REF, PB'89; SNI -- Tl4 - 1991 - 03) --------------------------------------1.2.1 Kriteria Kondisi Tulangan Tekan (As 1) Leleh ------------------------------------1.2.2 Prosedur/Mekanisrhe Perhitungan --------------------------------------------------
34
34
35
38
46
48
49
56
65
BAB m __IC()~()M -------------------------------------------------------------------3.1 Kolom Pendek -------------- --------------------------------------------------3.2 Perencanaan Kolom -------------------------------------------------------3.2 Aneka Ragam Soal diambil dari Buku Reinforced Concrete Design,
CHU- KIA WANG dan CHARLES G SALMON ----------------------
135
135
158
161
Daftar lsi
247
248
249
249
250
252
253
253
253
253
261
262
262
262
262
264
265
265
265
267
267
268
269
269
270
276
280
287
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
292
295
298
30 I
VI
Seton Bertulang
Bab 1
BALOK
<I>
Mn
Mu
Bab l _Balok
(3).
(4).
= 0.003.
d
h
As
1<- - - 4
es
Jika Es < y; dim ana Ey adalah tegangan baja batas (yield stress)
maka :
t'C
t'c: + s
---=d
* EC = C * X + ES * X
c* d - C * X
s = - - - - X
t:s
(5).
t:c(d - x)
X
Seton Bertulang
(6).
(7).
PI
= 0 85 - 0
'
05[.f
'
K,Xl
- - -- ----~-4
As
1-----+ T
I<
>I
Stress balok:
1
= K3 f c * K2X
= As* fs
:E H
=0
=T
Bab l _ Balok
*b
_. K3 f c
* K 2 X * b = As * fs
As* f<;
I.M
=0
Mn
=T ''' Z
= As * rs ( cl - K I X I)
Jika fs
= fy , maka
JY!tt
K1
As * /'v
K_,* K ,* h *f 1c
fyl
K1
As*
Mn :;;;: As * /)' d .-[
K 2 ' I' K 'I I) .,.,. ./ ' 1C
K1
K2 x K ~
0,003
4..,..- -+-I
- --
h -- - ---
As
L-- T'''
\!1
I<E
~I
t:S
=f.y
Bcton Bcrtulang
p > pmin
p < p max
0 0
cc = 0,003
CS=
K~ tinggian
bcrikut:
Modu lus elastisitas beton.
t:c =470oM
600
d
600+ fy
Xh =
p = - - atau
IJ*d
pb =
j)J
Ash
= -b* d
fy
B
1
f c
p rn ax = 0,75 pb, As =
A max
ITllll
= 0. 75
r '~ b * d
Asb
1.-+
=-
fr
As min = p min
Bab I _Balok
600 + ./.\'
fy
pb
600
* b '~ d
5
/~
h
---r- - - -
0 0 0
_____.
\ V.._
I<E'--- --7>1
b
Gambar A
Es= Ey
Garnbar
es < ey
Gambar C
Keteran gan:
Gambar A adalah regan gan dalam keadaan Under - Reinforced
Gambar B adalah regangan dalam keadaan Balanced
Gambar C aclalah recrano-an
dalam keadaan Over- Reinforced
b
b
.
Beton Bertulang
untuh Soal - 1
1
Mmax = IOTM
1
Fc
470 mm!!!
=28 MPa
Fy =400MPa
As= 1200 mm
500
As
I<
300 rum
>j
As mtn= o
=O)e>035
h*d
o mcrx
pb
= 0,028
p max
=0,75 * pb
= 0,75
* 0,028
= 0,02 1
Bab l _ Balok
As max
= p max * b * d
= 0 ,02 1 * 300 * 470
?
Contoh Soal - 2
;-- q
=2 tlm
8m
Diketahui :
fc
=28 M Pa
fy
= 400 MPa
= 4700 ffc
= 24 KN I m3
Ec
'yb
Di ameter tu langan 16 mm
Dengan penampan g balok sebagai bcrikut:
500
450
0 0 0 0
$ so
300
~ ~;____-~> I
As t6tal = n. *( l/4) 7t d-
= 4 * ( 1/4) 1t 162
= 804,25 mm2
804 25
30.0 * 400
p ada
= 0,00595
pmin
p m ax
=0,75 pb
pb
= 0,85 * 0,85 * 28 (
400
400
600 )
600 +400
= 0,030345
p max
EC
0,85 f 1c
=0,003
0,8
)(1
- - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - --
':...__ __
I<
Bac l_Balok
.J..___ ds
fo,4x
c
11\
ES
>I
= 47oo ffc
Ec
= 4700
-58
= 24870 Mpa
Asumsi kan baj a sudah leleh
fs
= fy a.fau ES = fY
fs
= 5712 X
T
=As* fy
= 804,25
* 400
= 321 700 N
:EH=O
C- T
5712 X- 321700
5712 X
=0
= 321700
'
= 56,32 fnm
Kontrol:
0,003 0,003 + CS
-- =
56,32
450
(0,003 + ES)
ES
* 56,32 = 0,02397
= 0,02397 > Ey
10
Seton Bertulang
Hukum Hooke
Fy
= Es * cY
= 2, I * 10.., Mpa
Es
fy,
- '---- -
400
--
- Es. - 2,1 * 10 5
= o,po19o
I.M
:= 0
M'n
= C atau T * ( cl -
0,5 X)
mm
= 137451 495 N
= 137451 ,495 KN mm (momen Nominal)
Berat sencliri
=y * A
= -I q * L-~
8
= _!_*3
8 ,6 *8 '
= 28,8 KN m
Bab l _ Balok
1 1
= .!. * 20 * 8
= 160 KN m
Mu
= 490,56 KN
::; 0,8
<I> .Mn >Mu
0,8
C=0,003
1-----'
As
.___ ___.T
ds
ES
Seton Bertulang
Solusi:
Syarat-syarat:
I. p min
= I ,4 I fy
b = 0,85 * /31 * j
p
Jy
c(
600 )
.600+ Jy
2. p max =0,75 pb
3. Ambil nilai Pt =antara pmax dan pmin
4. Brasanya p ""0,2 s,d 0,6 p ma~
5 . Tapi ambil saja p =0,5 p max
dengan Rn
Mu
Mn = __.
~
b *d 2
= Mn
Rn
Rn = p.jy(l-0,5p.m)
l fy p -'
Rn = p.fy-: -m
2
:.
~m !Y.P2 -
p.!y + f?.n = 0
= _!_[~
- 2 m
p,,
Bab l _Balok
(--2)
_ _4.2
Rn ]
m.Jy
1 3
Pr.2
1[1-'Jl~]
-~
= m
1( ~)
0,85 * f'c
d?
500
As?
b?
I<
fy
1
f c
14
>I
= 400 MPa
= 28 Mpa
Seton Bertulang
p m in
pb
= (1 ,4 I fy) = (1 ,4 I 400)
= 0,0035
= 0,85 * 0,8 * 28 (
400
600 )
600 + 400
= 0,03
p max
= 0,75 ':' pb
= 0,75 * 0,03
= 0,0225
Asumsikan:
= 0,5 p max
= 0,5 * 0,0225
= 0,01125
Rn
= p * fy * ( 1 -
fy
0,85 *
J'c
400
0,85 * 28
=16,806
0,5 *p * m)
= 0,-01125 * 400
= 4,074 Nlmm 2
= Mn
Rn
Mu/
= _ /_r/Jr/J
Rn
120000000 N .mm
=-~-~--,--
0,8.5 * 4,074 N / mm 2
= 34653096,47 mm 3
Bab l _ Balok
15
= 0,5 d
0,5 d
= 34653096,47
* 34653096,47
d3
=2
= V693o6o72,94
=410
=0,5 d
= 0,5
* 410
= 205 mm
=410 mm
=205 mm
440
I<
16
220
>I
Seton Bertulang
As lama
=p * b * d
= 0,01125 * 205
=945 ,6 mm
* 410
Rn
Rn baru
120000000/
=
/ 0,85 = 3 3146 N/mm3
220*440 2
,
p baru
3146
= 0 '01125 34,074
=0 '00915
Kontrol:
p min < p baru < p max
As baru
=p baru ~ b * d
= 0,00915 * 220* 440
= 885,72 mm')
3. Kontrol
I:M -== 0
; l::H=O
di dapat Mn = ?
Mn dengan asumsi
p= o,:; p ' maka
Jika Mu ;::: Mn penampang
--7
OK
Ad a
Bab l_Balok
17
Contoh Soal - 4
Balok di
ala~
P = 20 KN/m 1 (= qll)
1~
lll~ll......---.-.-lll..,.....,--,-lll-r-r--Tlll...,....,_,JJJ
J\
~ -----
_____
L=8:....;;.:.;
m
<I>
O,S~
f'c=28MPa
fy = 400 MPa
ye= 24 KN 1m3
Cll =0,003
Pertanyaan:
Rencanakanl ah pcnampang balok agar kuat menahan bcban luar.
Solusi:
Perencanaan Penarnp<mg Balok
=50 mm
= 2 X 350 = 700
= 7 50 mm
/;\
As
\V
ds
I<
1B
>I
Beton Bcrtulang
B erat sendi r1 :
qdt
qu
= 20 KN/m'
Mu
Mn
F
. O
= -Mu
= 3 16,48
= 395 6 <I> = aktor reduks1= 8
<P
08
' '
'
'
pb = ~ d 0,85f'c) x
fy
600
600+ fy
= 0 85 [ 0,85*28] x[ 600
'
fy
600+400
Jx10_
= 0,030345
Diambil p = 0,5% ;
Sebut
= J.t_ = 0,0035
400
p =0,5 * 0,030345 = 0,0 1522
Rn
I=
w = px fy
f'c
1 --
pm in
0,0152x400 = 0 21714
28
'
---'
= w * fc ( 1 - 0,59 * w)
= 0,2 1714 * 2~ ( 1 - 0,59
= 5,69 N/mm-~
* d2
Mn =
0,5Rn
= Rn * b
= 0,5 d
b= 0,5
* 518
Mn
Bab l_Balok
* 0,1 0857)
'
'
6
395,6* 10
0,5 * 5,69
=518 mm
= 259 mm
19
=700mm
= 350 mm ;
b/d
=0,5
Berat sendiri,
qdl
jadi Mu
Mn
As = p
= 316,48 KN m
= 395,6 KN m.
Pakai tulangan D 25 mm
nt =
1862
~IT(25)
== 4 bh
Garis netral
a= _A_s....::i..::...Y_
0,85 f' cb
89,4
x=--
0,8
Mn
=As
1862400 = 89 4 mm
0,85 * 28 * 350
'
= '111 ,8 mm
* fy [d - a/2)
20
perlu
= 395,6 KN - m
Seton Bertulang
!@fti.@iil
1. Gambarkan penampang balok (lengkap dengan dimensi) dan dilengkapi
dengan diagram tegangan dan regangan.
Dari diagram tegangan dan regangan:
s'
400
= 2x10 5 =0,002
As'
= (T 1 + T 2) = Cc + Cs
Jadi Cs
= As2
T2 =As' . fy
fy
As
As perlu
Contoh Soal- 5
Diketahui:
= 660mm
d' = 80 mm
fy = 400 Mpa
= 350 mm
f'c = 35 Mpa
Mn = 1450KN-m
Pertanyaan:
Rencanakan penampang (b dan d) serta As dan As' jika ditetapkan garis netral
X = 0,375 Xb.
Periksa kekuatan penampang
Bab l _ Balok
2 1
Solusi:
a) Perencanaan Penampang Balok
X
= 0,375 * 396
= 1485 mm
= 0,8
= J 18,8 mm
Cc
= 0,85
148,5
* 35 * 350 * 118,8
= 1237 KN
=0
=Cc= 1237 KN
= 123 7 (660 -
118 8
)
2
=743,3 1 KN
1237 x 103
= - - - 400
=3092,5
Mn2
=Mu - Mn 1 = 1450-743,31
Mn2
=706,7 KN -
Cs
= T2 = 7067700 = 1218 45 KN
660 -80
'
c:s'
5 80
= 148148,5
* 0 003
=0,002
= 0 00 138
'
sehingga fs'
= c:s' . Es
= 0,001 38 * 200000
= 276 MPa
22
Seton Bertulang
=As?= 1218,45x 10
- (276 - 0,85*35)
As'
As
= 3046 + 4948
= 7994 mm2
Garis netral tidak ditentukan clulu , X
Cc
X
* 0,0030
X -80
f'c
fy
35
350
400
Cs
Bab l _Balok
T - Cs
As
As'
rs
700
7994
4948
356./:l
148.5
23
Penjelasan
Dengan " TRAIL AND ERROR" dicari nilai f's yang memenuhi syarat,
melaiui persamaan- persamaan berikut:
Dicoba harga f' s (f's sembarang)
..... (*)
Cc
= 0,85 f'c. b. a
= 0,85*35*350*a
Cs
Cs
Cc
T
= Cc+ Cs
T
:EM=O
:EH=O
..... (1)
..... (2)
..... (3)
..... (4)
..... (5)
..... (6)
=200000 Mpa
Maka harga f' s =c:s' * Es dapat dihitung
Es
Sebut f 's (**) sampai dengan f' s<*>di atas (sampai konvergen), seperti di atas
diambil f's <*> = 356,8 Mpa f's<**) = 356,92 Mpa
24
Seton Bertulang
Sudah konvergen
Mn dihitung = Mn
trial stop.
OK.
=3850 KNrn > Mn perlu = 1450 KNrn
Contoh Soal- 6
D iketahui:
f'c
Es
= 30Mpa
5
eCU
= 2. 10 Mpa Ey
=0,003
= 0,00175
= 8 KN/m'
= 10 KN!m'
= 50 KN
..
300
...
Pertanyaan:
a. Periksa kekuatan balok dengan penulangan 5D22
b. Apabila tulangan pokok salah pasang sehingga kedalaman efektifnya
menjadi d = 500 mm, Periksa apakah balok rnasih kuat?
=4,32 K.Nim'
25
= 10 KN/m'
=50 KN/m'
pu
=1,6 (50)
= ((1/8)
Mu
=80 KN
* qu *
2
L)
= (1/8 * 30,784 * 6
Mu
Mn perlu
= Mu=
ci>
* L)
* 80 * 6) = 258,528 KN/m'
+ ((1/4) * Pu
)
+(lA
258 528
= 323,16 KN/m'
0,80
. 2
+-A!--..-'
c =0,85 f"c . a. b
Z =d-a/2
600
5D22
-
1r
L-L----
300
t so
Ns
eS > Ey
Ill>
:EH= OHk.Hook Es = fy
t:y
Ne
= N fy
= Es . e.y
=2.
0,00 175
10 5 .
26
Seton Bertulang
p balance
_ 0,85f'ca
fyd
p balance
= ~ 0,85.f'c . (
c'cu
)
1 fy
c'cu+ y
_A
-pi
f'c
~I
= 0 85 - 0 05 (
,.
'
pb
= 0,85 0,85 * 30 (
0,85f'c . ..:..
fy
d
30 28
) = 0 8355
6,9
'
350
0,0032
) = 0,03975
0,0032 + 0,00175
300 * 550
'
a= ~I
= !!__=
/31
86 96
= 102 306 mm
0,85
'
= d- a/2 = 550Mo
86 96
= 506 521 mm'
'
=T . Z = As . fy . Z
= 1900,6635 * 350 * 506,521 . 10- 6 KNm'
Bab l _ Balok
27
Periksa Regangan
s'cu
ss
- = -x
d- x
cs
= E'cu(d -x)
X
_ 0,0030(550-104,08)
104,08
As(5D22)
bd
6635
= 1900
a tau
maka dapat dipasti kan tul angan baja tarik sudah Jelch.
Z = d- a/2 = 500 Mn kapasitas
86 96
= 456,52 mm'
2
=T . Z
==
As (5022) . fy . Z
KNm
28
= 500
mm,
Seton Bertulang
Contoh Soal 7
Diketahui:
f'c
= 25 Mpa
e-'cu
= 0,0032
Es
= 2 . 105 Mpa
= 0,002
t-y
PL =25 /KN
qo = 10 KN/m
~I ~
q,= IS KN/m
fHyAAi~
-~- 4000 ~m
:
8000 mm
Pertanyaan:
a. Sketsa rencana penulanga n lengkap dengan kontrol regangan dan
kekuatan balok.
b. Gambar diagram regangan pegangan.
= 36
pu
Mu
= 1/R . 36 . 64 + 1/.1 . 40 . 8
= 368 KN/m'
qu
KN/rn'
= 40KN
Mu
368
Mn perlu = - = - - = 460 KN!m' = 460. 106 Nmm'
<ll
Bab l _ Balok
0,80
29
ECU
=0,0032
d
Nt =As.
:EH = O
Hk.Hook Es = fy
Ne = Tfy
=Es. cy
=2. 105 . 0,00175
r
0,85 rc . a . b = p . b . d . fy
p balance
= 0,85f'c a = ~ 1
fy d
p balance
=~ 1
0,85f'c -~
fy
d
0,85f'c ( ,&'cu
)
fy
E cu+&y
=0,85
0,85 * 25 (
0,0032
)
400
0,0032 + 0,002
=0,0278
pmax
.
pmm
30
=0,75 Pa
=
1,4
400
= 0,02084
= 0,0035
Seton Bertulang
fy
= _____::...:...___
0,85f'c
= -400
-0,85*25
= 18,8235
Rn
= p. fy (1 - Yz p . m)
=0,01563 * 400 (1- Yz. 0,01563. 18,8235)
=5,3323 N/mm2
Rn
= Mnper1u
bd 2
ambil b
d
=280 mm'
Mn perlu
=
b.Rn
460.10 6
280 * 5,3323
=555 mm'
kontro] dengan ratio penampang r =b/d
=0,2- 0,6
= b/d =
280
555
=0,5045 memenuhi syarat.
=555 mm'
_ Mn perlu _ 460.106
bd 2 - 280 * 555 2
= 5,3335 N/mm 2
p perlu=
=
= 0,0156
Bab l _Balok
1- 2 * 18,8235 * 5,3335)
400
Aspcrlu = pperl u . bd
40
40~
200
H 602
d =555
5 D25
14'7. . . . . ..... ..
L-----------------~
33.3
33.4
33,1
~~~
I~
280
Ukuran balok dikontrol dengan dimensi. Mcnumt SK. SNI. T. 15 - 199 1 03 , Diman a sengkang D.lO. H = 555 + 25/2 + 10 + 25 = 602 mm. Jadi
beton dicor dengan split 2/3.
32
H 602
280
1:H
=0
Ne
=T
= AS(5D25)ofy
0,85f ' coh
=~ 1
165
=-j3a = -0,85
= 194' 12
1
=d -
=T
a/2
=555 - -165
= 472 '5 mm'
2
= As (5D25)0 fy = 2454,37
* 400
=981747 ,7N
= 982 KN
Bab l _ Balok
33
Mo l<apasitas
=T .Z
= As. fy . Z
rs
34
( 1).
As 1
As
p = bxd ; p = bxd
2
( ).
b = /}1x0,85X;tc ( 600
fy
600 + fy
J
Beton Bertulang
(3).
p max = 0,75 pb
d
As
(4)
(5)
't = 60j
f
1_ 0,85fi,xf'cxd
. " vl
(10- p') .
fyxd
As
1
p = bxd ; p
(7).
.
1,4
pmm = fy
As 1
= bxd
{p - p'}~ 0,85~tcxd'xP1 (
fyxd
Bab l_Balok
600
600+ fy
3S
= fy
(8).
S -
( _ 0,85/31 x/cxd
600 1
.
I)
fyxd - p
(f)
< Y
J d .tarnb.l
I
p = O,Spb
(9).
~ 0,75ph + p'f's p
.
fy
( 10) . a
= AsJ..jy -
A sxf s
0,85xf 1cxb
Catatan:
Tulangan tekan berperan utama untuk mengurangi rangkak beton clan
lendutan yang tetjadi .
Sedikit perannya untuk meningkatkan kekuatan
Contoh Soal - 8
Diketahui:
36
= 355 mm
d
dl
=660mm
A 1s
= 1100 mm2
As
= 3300 mm 2
= 75mm
Beton Bertulang
= 35 MPa
= 400 Mpa
f c
fy
~
=
hxd
3300
= 0 014085
355x660
'
PI = AI s =
bxd
1100 = 0,004695
355x660
1
p min = ,4 =~=00035
f y 400
,
Kontrol:
c)
1_ 0,85xt
p \
fy
1{
fyxd
600 )
600+ fy
/31x0,85xf c (
fy
600 )
600+.fy
= 0,8x0,85x35 (
600 )
400
600 +400
= 0,0357
l t l
p ~ 0,75xpb+ P . s
.fy
0 0004695 400
x
0,014085 ~ 0,75x0,0375 +
400
0,014085 ~ 0,031470
a= As~fy - A sxf s
0,85xf 1cxb
1
Bab l_Balok
37
_ (3300x400)- (1100x400)
0,85x35x355
= 83,32 mm
a=~~* X
83 32
= 10415 mm
08
'
'
104 15
x100%0 = 15 78%0
660.
'
X =
(bagus)
d1 )J
= 641231360 = 80 1539200N- mm
0,8
= 801539,2N-M
= 801,5392 KN-M = 80,15392 T- M (Momen Nominal)
Kapasitas Momen
$Mn
=Mu
= 641,23 KN- M
Langkah-langkah:
Dalam Tulangan tunggal dihitung momen maksimum yang bisa dipikul
oleh penampang, Mn
Cek apakah Mn yang didapat Iebih besar dari Mu yang bekerja (Mn ;:::: Mu)
Jika Ya, maka dite.ntukan L\ Mn = Mn- Mn~. kemudian L\ Mn sebagai
penyebab tulangan tekan
38
Beton Bertulang
Contoh Soal - 9
Diketahui penampang balok dengan ukuran seperti gambar dibawah ini:
f 1c
= 35 MPa
fy
=400 MPa
Es
=200000 Mpa
*10mm
=70mm
= 280 KN- m
= 500 KN- m
Solusi:
Step 1.
Mu = ( 1,2 * DL) + ( 1,6 * LL)= (1,2 * 280) + (1,6 * 500) = 1136 KN - m
Bab l_Balok
39
Step 2.
<1>
Mn =Mu
=Mu=1136 = 1420KN - m
</J
0,8
Mn
Step 3.
Garis Netral dalam kcadaan " balanced" atau berimbang
ecu
=0,003
1~1
lx
- -- - -
)I
esb = ey
Xb
0,003
d
0,003 + 0sb
400
Esb = fy =
= 0 002
Es 200000
'
Xh =
X ada
0 003
+ 630 = 378 mm
'
0,003 + 0,002
= 0,75 * Xb
= 0,75 * 378
= 283,5 mm
40
Beton Bertulang
a
1
fc
=P1* X ,
=35 maka p, =0,8
= 0,8
* 283,5
=226,8
* f 1c * b * p, * X
= 0,85 * 35 * 350 * 0,8 * 283,5 = 2361555 N
C m ax = 0,85
=2361 ,555 KN
LH
As 1 * fy
=C max
Cmax
fy
2361 ,555 * 1o'
= -----
5903,898
=5903,898 mm2
LM
=0
Mn t
= C * ( d - 0,5 a)
113,40) 10 -3
= 1219,98 KN-m
Cek:
41
Step 4.
Momen yang dipikul tulangan tekan adalah ~ Mn.
Maka:
Mn = 1420- 1219,98
=200,02 KN -
!::J.Mn
sehingga: Cs = - d-d1
200,02 * 10 3
630 - 70
=357, 18 KN
c=
630-70
630
42
Seton Bertulang
As
T2
1
A s
=Cs
= As2
T,
= -fy
835,54 * IOJ
= - --
400
= 2088,86 mm 2
= 2088, 86 mm 2
As
I
= As+
Asz
= 5903,888 + 2088,85
=7992,738 mm 2
Bab l _Balok
43
700
As = 7992,735
xtx70
I(
350 mm
>I
Contoh Soal- 10
Diketahui:
momen, beban mati =300KN - M
Momen beban hidup =500KN - M
<I>
=0,8
b
d
= 350mm
= 660mm
cCU
= 0,0030
=80 mm
d'
Es
f'c
fy
=2 * 105 MPa
= 35 Mpa
=400 Mpa
44
Seton Bertulang
Garis netral:
0 003
x660 = 396 mm
400
0 003+
'
200000
X maks
~I
=0 85 '
0 05 [
'
35 28
]
69
)
= 0,799 z 0,8
C
max
=2474 KN
T=C
As
max ,
As
max
Mn
,
T
tulangan tunggal = .fy
2474
J
= --xlO
=6185 mm2
400
(max)
Mn1
= 2474(660-
237 6
)
2
* w- 3
= 1040 KN -M
Mn 1 < Mn pcrlu
Jadi perlu tulm:gan tekan As'=?
Mnz
= Mn-Mn1
Mn 2
Cs perlu =
Mn 2
- =
d-d
410
x10 3 = 707 KN
660-80
Bab 1_ Balok
45
b. Fondasi
~-JT
d
I
r+ b
T ~M
.. . .l~ . ~-
I
Pcnampang b dan c
46
Pcnampang d
Beton Bertulang
! ! t t! t trtt t !IT:u l
!I
!I
if
!g
~-- .
I
.
.I
.
I
I
~e
I
.
.I
I
Penampang e, penampang T
,...t....L-L-J )
Tx
- - -- -- -- -T- --
} --)M -----
Bab l _Balok
47
-r)~.
xl
I(
bm
Gmnbar 1
r~-M
lt
bm
71
Gambar2
lo '
I<
>I
>I
I<
I<
>I
IL
hw/2
In
I~
4 8
Beton 8ertulang
bE~bw+ -
12
2. bE ~ bw + - Ln
2
Balok Tepi
I.
bE~
1
- L
bE~
bw + 8 t
bE::;:; Ln
&c
=0,003
I<E--71
.,
.1- -------lf.lih---I~ .
.I
' I
I
h
d
As
t:
d-a/2
I<
Bab l _ Balok
& <&
s
>I
49
0 85 * /c*b
Jika a ~ t, maka As< '
fy
Untuk X = -
/31
Dimana:
c = 0,85 * f 1c * be * a
T = As* fy
Sehingga:
1
0,85 * f c * bE * a- As * fy
As * fy
a=
0 ,85*f1c*bc:
L.M=O
Mn - As* fy
* ( d - 0,5 * d )
1~-- > 1
0,0031
1
~ ;:.
Q,85* f 1c
1~1
a/2
1 .-C
d - a/2
As
_, < 1
1~ ~I
so
Seton Bcrtulang
Ct
=0,85 * f 1e *a* bw
C2
= 0,85
1:H
=0
Tt
=Ct
T2
= c2
=TI +T2
* f 1e *(bE- bw) * t
=C 1+C2.
sehi ngga:
1
*t
= As* fy
1
c*(b - b )*t
a= A\'' * .~~~. - 085f
> 0 ,85 * j I C *h...
IV
a=
T - C,
1
0,85 * f c *h.,.
Contoh soal - 11
Diketahui penampang T seperti di bawah ini:
0,85 * f c
1
_
1' 200..
f.-- 2500 mm
~~
-+j
_ - - - - - - -
\!1
a/2
~ llO...-----~ ~-1--4-1-...L--.+- C
600mm
(d -0,5*d)
As
Lso
V
1....---~ T
1<:30(~1
Bab l_Balok
51
Jika
f 1c
fy
= 28 MPa
= 320 MPa
As
= 6000 mm2
Solusi:
Cek tintuk X = 130 mm, berapakah As perlu?
C
=0,85 * f 1c *a* bE
=As* fy
C-T
=0
320 *As
= 7735000
As
Jika tinggi (a) dari balok persegi Jebih kecil dari (t) untuk As ada = 4051,6
mm 2 , j adi T perlu.
= fy
= 0,85 * f c *a* bE
L.M
=0
Mn
C
0,85 * f' c *b
1920000
= 32 27 mm
0,85*28*2500
'
~ 32,27)
= 1121020800 N - mm = 1121,02 KN - m
Con"toh Soal - 12
Ditentukan penampang T seperti gambar dibawah ini. Jika garis netral (X )
> t, t aclalah tebal flens..
52
Seton Bertulang
0,003
t/2
L...-----+ T
Ji ka:
f 1c
=22 MPa,
maka,
~
= 0 ,85
= 0 ,85 X
fy
= 320 MPa
As
= 8000 mm
Pertanyaan:
Tentukan Momen Nominal (Mn) dan Penampang T di atas
Solusi:
(Asumsikan S > y sehi ngga fs > fy)
Menurut SK SNI T- 15 - 1991 - 03 bE::;; 4 bw
Cck Lcbar Efck tif,
bE
= 800 ::; ( 4 * 350 mm)
= 800::;; 1400 mm ( OK ! )
Bab l _ Balok
53
Cs
= t * CbE- bw ) * 0,85 * f c
= 150 * ( 800- 350 ) * 0,85 * 22
= 980950 Newton
Cc
= 0,85 * f c * bw * a
= 0,85 * 22 * 350 * a
=6545 *a
=As* fy
= 8000 * 320
= 2560000 Newton
LH
=0
Cs- Cc- T = 0
980950 + ( 6545 * a) - 2560000 = 0
a
a
X
=391 mm
=0,85 * X
391
= -=48875mm
0,85
,
Sehingga:
Cc
= 6545 * 391
= 2559095 Newton
LM=O
1
a
Mn - Cs *(725- -) -Cc *(725--) =0
150
Mn - 980950 (725- -
391
)- 2559095 * (725 - - ) = 0
54
Seton Bertulang
Contoh Soal-13
Tulangan Tarik ( As ) maksimum penampang T
p maks = 0,75 pb ( balanced)
Garis netral balanced, Xb
Xb =
0 ,003
0,003+ Es
data lainnya:
f 1c
=24MPa
= 360 MPa
=2 ,1 * 105 MPa
fy
Es
l<o oo3>I
~50
I
X
ab
700
- - - - - - - --
As
= _..fy_ =
E,
>I
I~
l~>l
c: \"
>.ey
350m
360
s = 0,00171
2,L * 10
Xb =
700 = 445,86mm
0,003 + 0017 j
clari tepi atas .
o,os( I
c- 28,6 )
7.15
55
p,
p,
ab
=CRm
= 0,85
* f 1c * bw * ab
Csl
= Cflens
=0,85 * f1 c * ( bE - bw ) * t
=0,85 * 24 * ( 750-350 ) * 150
=1224000 Newton
L H=O
T -Cs 1 - Cc
=0
As * fy - 2706060 - 1224000 =0
As * 360
= 3930060
Tulangan B alanced ; Asb
=10916,8 mm2
Tulangan maksimum
= 0,75 Asb
As maks
=8187,625 mm 2
Contoh Soal- 14
Diketahui penampang seperti gambar berikut ini:
56
Beton Bertulang
= 1500 KN -m
=22MPa
= 360Mpa
Pertanyaan:
I. Apakah a> t?
2. Rencanakan tulangan As.
Solusi:
Akibat momen lentur yang terjadi <t> = 0,80
I. Cek a> t
Jika a
=t
= 0,85 * f
1
C
* bE * t
Bab l_Balok
c(
d-
s 7
<I>* Mn
= 0,85 * 4413,2
Mn
Rn = Mu(momenterfaktor)
rp*b*d 2
atau
Rn = p
n{
dengan m =
1-
~ p *m).
fy
0,85 * j 1c
=0,85 * f 1c *bE* a
= 0,85 * 22 * 2000 * a
= 37400 * a .. .......( 1)
I.H = 0
C-T = O
sehingga C
=T
= As* fy
=As* 360
= 360 * As
Dari persamaan T = C,
58
Seton Bertulang
M aka:
360
* As = 37400 * a
a=
360
As =0,0096256 * As
37400
=37400 * 57,574
=2160000N
= 51620 KN
Mn
c(
d- ;) = 2 160(0,65-
~ )
0 58
Mu 1500
= 1341 ,38 KN - m < - < - - < 1875 KN - m
4'
0,8
Harga Mn ini sebagai harga kontrol.
Dicoba lagi dengan harga As = 7000 mm2
a
C
Mn
= 67.379 mm < t
=2520 KN
0 06 379
= 252o(0,65 - ~
= 1553 KN -
m < 1875 KN - m
a
C
Mn
'
0 072 1
)
2
Bab l_Balok
59
= 3096 KN
Mn
= 3096( 0,65-
0 0 278
~ )
Contoh Soal-15
Diketahui balok penampung segi tiga
Pertanyaan
Untuk keadaan ''Under Reinforced" hitunglah besar As maksimum, dan
besarnya momen terfaktor Mu.
60
Seton Bertulang
=fy I Es
=
Yu,b
Bab l _ Balok
Y u.b =
0,003
70
0,003+0,0019 X
61
b. =
37 14
.40 =18 57cm
80
,
Cc,h = 0,85 x 28 x (
T s,b = A .fJ,fy
A
s,b
400+ 185,7
2
ab
= 2987269
= 2987269 = 7468 mm 2
400
As, maksimum
b. Underreinforced
62
Seton Bertulang
Cc
= O85 /c[400x800
Cc
'
400.(800-af]
2x800
a)
l:H=0 -7 T' = Cc
2240400 =3808000-5,95 ( 800- a )2
2240400 = 3808000- 5,95 ( 640000- 1600 a+ a2 )
2
= 800 _!_.J2560000-1506151,2
2
= 8oo
LJt
o53848,8
2
a1
=286,7 mm
400IMI
pq
=b"
3
= 513
800 .400 =256 ,65
Bab l_Balok
63
a*
1248522,62
93944,425
= 132,9 mm
lengan m omen, z
=( 700 -
132,9 ) =567, 1 mm
=Ts.z
= 2240400 N x 567, 1 mm
=12705308,840 N -
mm
;- 1270,5 KN - m
( Momen terfaktor )
64
Beton Bertulang
Bab2
TULANGAN GESER
------ -H----------...
If
65
I:H
Vn
=0
=Vcz + Vd +Vay+ Vs, atau
Vn
=Vc +Vs
Dim ana:
Vc =Vcz+Vd+Vay
Vc = Gaya geser beton tanpa tulangan
V = Gaya geser
Vn = Gaya geser nominal
Vs = gaya tul angan geser
Catatan:
Untuk lebih rinci mengenai tulangan geser dapat dipelajari dalam buku
"Design of Reinforced Concrete" by; Wang at all.
Vu = VcR +Vs
VeR = gaya geser, terjadinya keretakan diagonal pertama sekali tanpa
tulangan geser.
Vu = tegangan geser terfaktor
Vs = gaya geser yang dipikul oleh sengkang
Dimana gaya geser dengan miring, a. terhadap horisontal adalah :
Vs=
A v* fy* d
(Sina+ Cos a)
dimana:
d = tinggi effektif balok
S = jarak sengkang/tulangan geser
Av = luas total tulang sengkang
Jika a.= 90, maka
Av * fy*d
Vs=----=;..:;__S
66
Seton Bertulang
. .
bw.S
(Sin
. .
bw.S
A m1mmum= - -
3jy
d) Jarak sengkang, S
S maksimum = ~
2
~ 600 mm
1
Jika Vs > .!.
lrl:f
c *b IV *d,
3 "1/JC
maka:
67
(1)
Vc = (~ ~f
(2)
1
Vc = (_!_ lrl::"f
6 vJ c
c)(J+ 14Nu*
Ag
) *b
* d, satuan Newton
dimana:
Nu
bw
Ag
d
Contoh Soal- 1
Ba lok di atas dua tumpuan sederhana, diketahui bentang bersih 6 m, harus
memikul beban mati merata sebesar 20 KN/m 1 (termasuk berat sendirinya),
1
dan beban hidup merata sebesar 35 KN/m
Muru beton, f =28 MPa
Mutu baja, fy = 300 MPa
Ukuran penampang 300 mm
Penutup beton = 50 mm
1
* 500 mm
500 mm
6 8
=20 KN/m 1
= 35 KN/m 1
Seton Bertulang
Beban terfaktor:
Wu
= 1,2 * B.s + 1,6 * LL
= I ,2 * 20 + I ,6 * 35
= 80 KN/m 1
=R2
= .!_ * Wu *lt 2 = .!_*80 *3 2 = 360K.N(=V)
2
2
Vu
=.!_ * Wu * (lt - d?
2
=
~ *80*(3 -
0,5Y
=250KN
Vc
= .!_
~!Ic * b w * d = _!_6 *
6~1 c
= 119,059 KN
6
= 595,294 KN
69
~
250
Vn = - 1 =-=416,67KN < Vc = 595,29 KN
fjJ
0,6
-(~ -Vcr
S=
(~~~ -119,059]
30520 8
= I02 55 mm
297,61
,
Maka: S maksimum =
~
4
Kontro1:
.!3-.JJC
~f'c *b
IV
*d =!m
*300*45o
3
,
= 238,118 Newton
Vu 250
(Vn- Vc) = - = --119,059 = 297,61 Newton
fjJ
0,6
70
Seton Bertulang
~ ffc * b.., *d
450
maka S maksimum = E:_ =
= 225 mm
2
2
Geser
Vu = 1.4 V DL + V Lll
Vu kritis pada j arak ' d' dari muka tumpuan
Prinsip perencanaan Vu ~ <1> (Vc +Vs) ~ aVmax = <j>(V6+Vs)
Kekuatan geser yang disumbang beton
geser + axial
geser + torsi
Kasus:
Vu ~ 0.5 <1> V c
0.5 <1> Vc< Vu
<1>
Vs min =
<1>
bw.
S = Av. fy.d
v smin
.
3Av.fy
Smm= ----=-.:....
bN
s ~d/2
S
12 inci
71
Vu> <I> Ye
<!>Vs
s
=Yu - <I>Yc
A v. fy.d
= Vs
s ~ d/2
s
12 inci
= bentang
2.1
72
Seton Bertulang
Contoh Soal - 2
Mutu bahan:
Beton:
Fe'= 24 Mpa
POT a-a
d = 500 - 40 - 10
=450 mm
Baja:
Fy = 280 Mpa
lebar perletakan = 400 mm
ybeton: 24 KN/m 3
(ditumpukan A dan B)
beban mati lainnya = W 0 ' = 2 t/m'
Pertanyaan:
Hitunglah gaya geser rencana maksimum dengan prinsip "strength method"
Hitung juga jarak tulangan geser (sengkang) yang diperlukan seluruh balok
73
. )
= fjJAv.fy.d (cosa+ sma
fjJVs
dead load
Wo
live load
W1
= 4 t/m
* 10Kn/m 1
=40 KN/m 1
total Vn = 116.79 KN
gaya geser ditengah bentang (Ln/2) (untuk beban hidup Y2 L ).
Vucv2) = 1/8 * 1.4 * 4 0 * (4.0- 0.2) = 26,6 KN
(kondisi kritis beban hidup)
74
Beton Bertulang
(jJVs
(jJVs
. . = 15825.6
S perIu pem. kntts
540 mm
29.31
d/2 = 225
Maka dipakai S = 225 mm atau D 1Omm C 225 mm
= 37.26 KN
Maks S
15825.6
37.26
75
~) = 16,2 * (19,5- X)
X2 + (2,7 *X)
= 52,7
+(1 ,35) 2 + 1,83
76
= Js4,53 -1,35
=7,39 - 1,35
=6,04 in.
Seton Bertulang
If concrete controls,
fc = 1350 psi
fs
6 04
)
6,04
= 1350*( 195 -
6
=1350*( 136,04
,4 )=3010 psi> 2222 NG
If steel controls,
fs
fc
6 04
= 2222 * = 996 psi < 1350 OK !
.13,46
= I ,80 * 20 = 36,0 k
= C (arm)= 360
= 36 ,0
(19,5-
~)* 1~
* 17 ,49 * ._I
12
stress
distributioq
2222
77
Contoh Soal - 4
For the beam of "Contoh Soal- 1" use 3 - # 10 bars instead of 3 - # 7.
Determine the allowable bending moment.
Is the beam underreinforced, ideally reinforced, or over reinforced
according to the working stress method ?
Allowables
fs
= 1350 Psi
= 20000 Psi
=9
fc
X + c5,72
* x) = 111 ,5
+ (2,86) + 8, 1'7
X= .Ju9,67 - 2,86 = 10,95 -2,86 = 8,09 in
If concrete controls,
fc = 1350 Psi
78
11 1
19 5 8 09
- ) = 1350* ( ,4 ) = 1905 < 2222
n
8,09
8,09
Psi ......... OK
fs = 1350(
=C (arm) = 65,5
1
8 09
( 19,5- ) * - = 91,7 ft. kips
3
12
Contoh Soal - 5
What are the theoretically required effective depth and area of tension
1
reinforcement for a rectangul ar beam 16 in. Use f c = 4000 Psi and fy =
60000 Psi
Allowables:
fc
= 0,45 * f 1c = 1800 Psi
fs
= 24000 Psi
n
=8
1800
k' d
(1 - k)*d
79
1800
= - --1800+ 3000
=0,375
J
=1-%'
= 0,5
* fc * k * j
= 0,5
= 295 Psi
M,,.
= b *c/ 2
b * d2
= M.,.
= 400 *12000
295
= 16250
d
~16250
16
=31,9 in
As
12
= _ M,.
_..:.:;_ =- -400*
- ---
f<;* j*d
24*0,875*3,19
=7.16 sq in
Contoh Soal - 6
What are the required widht and the required area of tension sreel for a
rectangular beam with a 28 in, effective depth which is to resist a service
load moment of 400ft - kips. Use f 1c =4000 Psi and fy =60000 Psi
Allowabies:
fc
= 1800 Psi
fs
= 24000 Psi
n
=8
b
R*d 2
400*12000
295*28
= - - - 2-
= 20,7 in
80
Seton Bertulang
As
M
=--= - -- - fs* j*d 24*0,875*28
400* 12
=8,15 sq in
Contoh Soal - 7
A beam having 12 in, width is to carry service load moments of 70 ft-kips
live load and 40 ft-kips dead load. Using f 1c = 4000 Psi and Grade 50 steel,
select the overall cross section dimension and select bars. Show sketch of
the final design, and check stress.
Allowables:
f 1c
fy
= 4000 Psi,
=50000 Psi,
=8
fc
fs
= 1800 Psi
= 20000 Psi
Ideal Constants:
1800
20000/ = 0,4! 9
1800+
/8
1-%
= 0,860
= 2
* fc* k* j
=324 Psi
Reqd ........ b
* d2
= 4074 in 3
Bl
b
12
d
18,4 + 2,5 = 20,9
Try 12 * 21
d = 18,5 in
110*12
=----fs * j * d 20 * 0,860 * 18,5
= 4,15 sq in
Check:
12
2
*X
=412*8
*( 185-X
)
2
,
,
X + 5,49
fs = 180(
n
'
18 5 7 70
' - ' ) = 2 525 > 2 5
7,70
'
'
82
Beton Bertulang
2,525
T = 20
* 4'
Mw
12 = 82 4k
'
7 70
Arm "" 18.5 -
= 15,93 in
'
3
= 109,4 1k""
Jl0 1k ( OK )
12in
I~
USE 12
* 21
With 2- # 8 and 2 - # 1Q
83
Contoh Soal - 8
Design a reinforced concrete beam to carry a live load moment of 225 ft kips on a simply supported span of 20 ft.
Use f 1c = 4000 Psi and fy = 60000 Psi. Use a beam width of 14 in. Show of
the cross section with selected bars, Check Stress.
Allowabies:
fc = 1800 Psi,
fs = 24000 Psi, n = 8
Ideal Design constants:
k
= 0,375,
J
R
= 0,875,
= 295 Psi
= 225 1k
DL
Mu
8
=LL+DL=245 1k
cl
245*12000
295 *14
= 26,68 in
Add ::::: 2,5 11 for one layer
Add ::::: 3,5 11 for one layer
Try 1 layer:
h
Say 30 in , cl = 27,5
Wt
84
14 30
* 0 15 = 0 437
144 '
'
Beton Bertulang
As
246,9*12000
295 *14
=26,78 in
246,9 * 12
.
= 5 12 .sqm
24 * 0,875 * 27 ,5
'
2 - # 11 and 2 - # 9
d = 30 - 2 in (cover+ stirrup)
0,63 ( Arg Barrad) = 27 ,73
Accept S light Over Stress
USE .. . 14 * 30
With 2 - # 11 and 2 - #_.2
I
Check S tress :
14 *
x( ~ } =
5, 12
* 8 * c27,37-
x)
as
X + 5,85 * x = 160
+ (2,92) 2 + 8,55
2
= .j168,55- 2,92
= 10,06 in
arm
= 27,37 - 3,35
=24,02 in
C=T
M
arm
= 123,2k
2 123 2
* =I 755 Psi
14 * lO 06
'
'
123 2
= 24,05 Psi ....... . .. .... ( OK )
fs =
5,12
fc =
Contoh Soal - 9
In order to reuse forms and eliminate multiple fraiming details, a reinforced
concrete cross section 15 in. wide by 30 in. Deep overall is to be used in a
location where the maximum live load moment is 100 ft-kips. The simply
supported span is 24 ft. Use f 1c = 3000 Psi and Grade 40 steel. Assume
cover is 2,5 in, from the center of the bars to the bottom of the beam.
Determine steel requirement using "exact" method
Determine steel requirement using "approximate" method.
Select bars, show placement in cross section, and check stresses.
Allowables:
fc
= 1350 Psi
fs
= 20000 Psi,
n =9
= 0,378
=0,874
=223 Psi
86
Seton Bertulang
3- # 8
2 -# 6
,,
.1
=R * b * d 2 = 223 * 15*275
12000
= 100 1k
DL
LL+DL
= lOO+ 33,7
= 133,ik < 2 10,5 1k'
fc
fs = 2222
n
87
Under Reinforced
=C *j*d
133,7
fc
* 12
= _!_ fc '~ X * 15 * j
2
* 27,5
=2,222( 27,5X-
= _
1
X = 82,5-X
3 * 27,5
82,5
X
133 7 * 12 = _!_ * 2 222 * (
'
2 '
27,5- X
288,5
=(
J* X * (82'5 - X )
X
]*X *(82,5- X )
27,5 -;- X
-58,5
-34,7
- 57,9 - 1451 ,2
0,6
X
j *d
BB
1 + 794ot
- 1415,5
-870
870
= 8,6 in
= 27,5 - 2,87
= 24,63 in
Beton Bertulang
133,7*12 --325
.
. . sq m
20*24,63
(b) "APPROXIMATE"
As
133,7*12
20 * 0,874 * 27,5
CHOICES:
2-#9and 1-#10
3 - # 8 and 2 - # 6
4 - # 7 and 2 - # 6
.
=3.34 sa m
Actual d
For 2 in "Cover" Any of these
As= 3,27
As= 3,27
As= 3,27
27,41 in
27,54 in
27,58 in
are
Probably
equally
acccptabley
Contoh Soal - 10
Suppose the cross section and materials of prob "Contoh Soal - 9" is to be
used where the live load moment is 200 ft-kips and the simply supported
span is 26 ft. Select bars and show placement in the cross section for
reinforcement in the tensionface only.
Check the stress on the chosen section.
Allowables:
fc
= 1350 Psi ,
fs
= 20000 Psi,
n
=9
3011
15 11
89
= 0,378,
= 0,874,
= 223 Psi
DL =
262
15 30
*
*015 *
=396
144
,
8
)
= 200 + 39,6
LL+DL
= 239,6 ft-kips
Since 239,6 > 210,5 , beam is to be Over Reinforced
M=C*j*d
~Estimate
239 )6
two layer
239 ,6 * 12
= I_
= 79,5- X
3 * 26,5
7 9,5
5
= _!_1 * 1350 * X *( 7979
-XJ*265 * 15
5
'
'
90
851
= 79,5
X 2 -79,5
* x - X2
* x + (39,7) 2
= - 851 + (39,7) 2
X
=- 27,0 + 39,75
= 12,75 in, arms = 22,25 in
=1,4SS,
= I ,458 * 9
fs
= 13,1Psi
M
239,6 * 12
.
= 985 sq tn
As = - -- =
fs *arms 13,1* 22,25
'
Use I0 - # 9. As = I 0
Check Stress :
15* X 2
- = I0
2
* 9 * ( 26,5 -
X)
X2 + 12 * X= 318,5
X
= 12,82 in
ann = 22,23 in
c
fc
T
fs
= 96,2 * fc
= 1342 Psi
= 10 * fs
= 12,9 Psi
C = T = !!!_ = 239,6* 12
arm
22,23
= 129,0k
Bab 2_ Tulangan Geser
91
Contoh Soal - 11
Design the cross section for a beam to carry a live load of 5 kif on a span of
28 ft. Use f1 c = 3000 Psi and Grade 60 steel. (See Sec. 3.8 practical
proportions)
Show sketch of chosen cross section with placement, and check stresses.
~ 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ~ w
281 - ott
= 0,888
= J_
2 * 1350 * 0 ,396 * 0 ,888
1350
1350 + 2667
=0 336
,
fc
fc
n
= 1350
= 24000 = 2667
9
= 201,5 Psi
LOADS:
= .!.. *5*28
=491
MoL
= .!..*o
8 ,9*28
= 88
= 579 1k
92
Beton Bertulang
18
20
22
43,8
41,5
39,6
TRY 22 * 44
Wt
22 42
* *0,15
144
= 0,875
d Reqo
= 39,5 in
M
= 577,7 1k (OK)
USE 22 * 42
REINFORCEMENT:
d
= 39,5 in
As
577,7 * 12
M
=---=----fr;*j*d 24 * 0,888 * 39,5
= 8,22 sq in
4-#lland 2-#9
4-#lOand 4-#8
6-#9and 2-#10
MinWeb=l8,5in
MinWeb=2l,Oin
MinWeb=21,0in
As= 8,24
As= 8,24
As= 8,27
93
Contoh Soal - 1
Design a reinforced concrete simply supported one- way floor slab to carry
a uniformly distributed Jive load of 175 Psi on a span of 18 ft center to
center of supports. Use f 1c = 3000 Psi and grade 40 steel . Make design and
check stresses. ( Note ACI - 7.12)
Design Constants :
= 0,378
J
R
= 0,874
= 223 Ps i
Loads:
W .(Live load) = 175 Psf
W (Dead load)= J 25 Psf (est 10 in Slab)
9 4
Seton Bertulang
Slab Thickness:
Mw
= i*(0,175+0,125)*(8Y
= 12 15 ik/
'
I ft
~ R~ b =
12,15*12000
223 * 12
= 7 ,38 in
Reqd d
Thickness
Try 9 in.( Wt =
M = 12,15 *
:~~5
d = 7,5 in
USE 9 in SLAB
As=
M
f';* j*d
= 8, 73 in
11,64*12
= 107 sq*in/
20*0,874*7,5
'
/ft
TRY : #8@ 8
As= 1,18
#7@ 6
As= 1,20
# .6 @ 5
As
= 1,06
USE
TEMP + SHRINKAGE
As
=p*b*h
=0,002
* 12 * 9
=0,22
USE#4@ 10
95
Check Streeses:
12
* X =9,54 * ( 7,5 2
X)
X + I ,59 * X = 11 ,92
=2,75in
X
arm
= 6,58 in
fs=
As* arm
11,64* 12
1,06 * 6,58
= 20 Psi;
fc
11,64*12
_!_*X *b*arm
2
_!_*2 75*12*6 58
2 ,
'
Contoh Soal - 12
96
Beton Bertulang
Allowables Stresses:
fc
= 1800 Psi;
fs
=24000 Psi ;
=8
=0,375;
=0,875;
J
R
= 295 Psi
=R * b * d 2 = 295 *20 * 29
12000
=413,5 1k
Mz= M- Mt = 475-413,5 = 61,5 1k
Tension Reinforcement
1 _ =
=--- .. M __
413,5 * 12
j~ '''-.T"' d . 24 * 0,875 * 29
= 8,15 sq in
M?
= j~ * (cJ ~ d I)=
As
61,5 * 12
24 * (29- 2,5)
= 1,16 sq in
= As t + As2= 9,31 sq in
97
USE 2 Layers:
4 - # 10 bottom
2 - # 10,2- # 9 Top ( As= 9,62 sq in)
Compression Reinforcement:
k
* d =0,375 * 29 = I0,88 in
8 38
fc = 1800*( )
I
10,88
= 1386 Psi
=2
* 8 * 1386
( OK )
61 ,5 * 12
= ~------:-;-----:(22,2 - 1,386)(29 - 2,5)
= I ,34 sq in
USE 2 - # 8 ( As = I ,58 sq in )
le= 1800
10,8811
Contoh Soal - 13
Redesign the beam of Prob "Contoh Soal - 8" using compression
reinforcement which may be assumed to be centered at 2,5 in , from the
comoression face of the beam .
98
Allowable Stresses:
Fe
fs
= 1350 Psi;
11
=9
= 20000 Psi;
=0,378;
J
R
= 0,874;
= 223 Psi
Loads:
= 200
= 15 * 30 * 0 15 26
144
,
8
= 39,6
M
= MLL+MoL
= 200 + 39,6
= 239.6 1k
MLL = 2001k
1...
26' -
1..
Qll
' 1511
223 * 15 * 26 5
'
12000
= 196 1k
99
M 2 = 239,6 - 196
=43,6 1k
Tension Reinforcement
As
1
M1
.fy * .i * d
=- -196*
- -12- -
20 * 0,874 * 26,5
= 5,08 sq in
A
M2
43,6*12
2
1
s = fs*(d - d )= 20*(26,5-2,5)
= 1,09 sq in
= As + As
=5,08 + 1,09
As
= 6,17 sq in
Compression Reinforcement
k*d
= 0,375
* 27,5 = 10,4 11
fc = 1350 * 10,4-2,5
I
10 4
'
= 1025 Psi;
2
* n * fc 1
= 2 * 9 * 1025
= 18450 Psi < 20000 ( OK )
29,1 * 12
= --;----____:.,.---.,.-----:(18,45 -1,03)* (27,5- 2,5)
= 0,80 sq in
USE 2- # 6;
As = 0,88 sq in
100
Seton Bertulang
Contoh Soal - 14
= 1800 Psi;
fs
= 24000 Psi;
=8
16
*x
+70,2*(X - 2,5)
X 2 +(8,77*X-21,9)
2
X + 15 02
'
*x
X= .J248,8 -7,51
= 50,0 * ( 27,3 - X )
= 170,5 - ( 6,25
*X )
= 15,78-7,51 =8,27 in
10 1
If : fc = 1800:
=
fs
4150
> 24000
= 3000 Psi
Thus , steel controls.
fc, = JC *( 8,2;,~72,5 )
= 1303*
5 77
8,27
=910 Psi
2*n
* fc 1 = 16 * 91 0
=86 ' lk
C2
= A 1s(f 1s- fc 1)
= 3 * I ,56 * ( 14,56- 0,91 ) = 63,9 k
T = 4 * 1,56
= 149,8 k
* 24
Moment capacity
Mw
8 27
'
3
)*-
1
1
+639 *(273 - 25)12
'
'
, 12
102
Beton Bertulang
Contoh Soal - 15
For the given beam cmpute the transformed cracked section moment of
inertis Icr that would be needed for a deflection calculation; i.e. , use
modular ratio n (instead of 2n) when transforming the compression steel.
Use f 1c = 4000 Psi and fy = 60000 Psi
6-#7
2, 5
4
d =36,1 11
10-# ll
lB~;
,,,
At= 10*1 ,56~8
~I
=12,0
At =6*0,6*(8-1) == 25,2 sq in
Allowables Stresses
fc
= 1800 Psi;
fs
= 24000 Ps i;
=8
+ 25,2*(X -2,5)
X2 + t6,69
X
= 125,0 * ( 36,1- X)
8,34 = 15,70 in
f er
f er
103
Contoh Soal - 16
The simply supported beam of 16ft span is to carry a uniform ldead load of
I ,5 Ki ps/ft (inci. Beam weight) and a uniform live load of 2,4 kips/ft.
Determine the adequacy of the# 3 U - stirrups which are spaced at 8 in. Use
the simplified method with constant Vc.
Draw the curve of shear capacity <D * Vn provided versus the factored load
strength Vu required.
Use f 1c = 3500 Psi and fy = 40000 Psi
Wu
= I ,4 * I ,5 + I ,7
= 2, I+ 4,08
* 2,4
=6, 18 k/ft
At
=<t of support;
Vu
104
= 6, 18 * 8
= 49,5k
Seton Bertulang
At d from face;
Vu
16 2 04
=21 *98-204)+408* ( - ' )
,
,
'
2*16
= 12,52 + 24,72
= 37,2 k
At A ft from <t.. support;
2
Vu
(16 - 4)
= 2,1 * 4 + 4,08 --'-----'2*16
= 8,4 + 18,35 = 26,8 k
At midspan;
Vu
4,08 * 16
=--8
= 8,2 k
=26,0
=<t> * (2 *ffc)* bw * d
1
(2 * .J35oo)* 14* 18 5 * -' 1000
138 ,4 k. S
.
=- 1ps, atuan S d aIam m.
<I>* Vs
8
9
d
Max2
=9,25
ffc = 52,0
105
Design is in adequate over the distance "A", where stirrups are required for
min
Vs= 50 P si with S s;; d ,
Min <1>* Vs
for Vs= 50 Psi : Min <I>* Vs= 11
Ok < 15,4k;
.
-d controIfor mm.
2
USE One additional space @ 9 11 : l.e : USE 4 @ 9
11
Contoh Soal - 17
T he beam of the accompanying fi gure carries a uniform live load of 3,0 kif
in additional to its own weight. Assume a support width of 12 in., and use
f 1c = 3000 Psi and fy = 40000 Psi,
Draw the maximum factored shear Vu envelope
D raw the cur ve of required stirrup spacing using the s implifed procedure
permitted by ACI - 11. 3 .1 .1. show also the spacing provided.
Determine if the spac ings used in the figure satisfy the ACI cod!e
requirements according to the simplified method.
Repeat (b) using the more detailed procedure of ACI - 11.3.2. 1; s how also
the spacings provided.
Detennine if the spacing used in the figure are satisfactory according to the
analysis of (d)
106
Seton Bertulang
5-#9
11
' 12
f,lc
~I
=3000 psi
fy =40,000 psi
Requires one
more stirrups,
I
I
12 =1q,s 11
plus a sti-rrups
at midspan
I
I
I
I
5
6@ to ll
Wu
=3,0* 1,7+0,313
* 14
=5, 1 + 0,44
= 5,54 k/ft
Wt
12 * 25 * 0 15
144
'
= 0,313 k/ft
At <t support:
Vu
107
At d from
<t support;
Vu
=43 ,3 k
At S 1 from support;
Vu
(S*0,44)
= 55,4-5,10*(20-1,15)
20
= 30,9k
At mid span;
Vu
5,1 * 20
= - -8
= 12,7 k
Simplified Method;
Vc
=Ne* bw
= 2*
*d
1
ffc * 12 * 21 '6 * -1000
- = 28 4
,
<I>* Vc = 0,85
* 28,4 = 24,1k
stinups
Max Vu - <I>* Vc
Max <I>
* Vc for Ns
= 43,3-24,1 = 19,2k
= 4*
ffc ; <I> * V c
= 48,2 k
Min <I>* Vs for Ns
=50 Psi;
<l>*Vs
=ll,Ok
lOB
= 161,6 =8 411
19 2
'
'
Seton Bertulang
p*v*d
50
12*21,6
0,0193
= 43,3
* 2,3 +
0 44 2 32
* '
2
99,5 + 1, 2
= 1 9 * ffc
Ne
'
2500*p*V
+ _
_....:...__*d
_
M
=141Psi
<1>
* Vc
= * 0,141 * bw * d
=0,85 * 0,141 * 12 * 21,6
<1>
= 31 ,I k
At S from
M
<t support ;
=30' 9 * 5 + 0,442*52
109
Ne
<!>
t2.7>0,5*cp*Yc= lt,o
Pactored
Shear
22.0
v.
cp Ye
(kips)
lO
9
8
7
Need Stirrups here
Contoh Soal - 18
For the port ion of the conti nuous beam show n, w ith the given maxi mum
shear e nvelope Vu, determine the spacing to be used fo r # 3 U - stirrups.
1 10
Belon Bertulang
Dimension and show the stirrups on the given portion of beam. Use the
1
sim plified method of constant Vc, with f c = 3500 Psi and fy = 60000 psi
I< 12 >I
11
Vu= 1,4 Vd t
,7 ' VL
. 18k
I
Vc
1
= 2 *ffc
*bw*d = 2 *.J3500 * 12 *21 *- .
1000
=29,8k
<!>
* Vc = 0,85 * 29,8
=25 ,3k
<1>
*Vs=
s
11
10,4
Max. S
=d/2
11
= 10,5
4> *A *fy * cl
N
0 85 * 0 22 * 60 * 21
'
'
= -235-'-6
S
<D *Vs
22,7
= 12,6k
1 1 1
= 59,6k for Ns
=
Min <I>* Vs
4ffc
= 12' 6 k
for Ns
=50 Psi
At Critical section:
<I>* Vs
=Vu - <I>*Vc
= 48-25,3
=22 ,7k
Since Vu
18 at mid span>
<I>* Vc
2
= 12,65 k
Contoh Soal-19
The given 20 ft simply supported beam must carry adead load of 6 kips/ft
(including beam weigth) and a live load of 10 kips/ft. Use f 1c = 4000 Psi
and fy = 40000 Psi.
1 12
Seton Bertulang
I I -@ 4.5~ ... ~@
6~l~ 2@
1811 ...
# 4 stirrups
Wd = 6 * I ,4' = 8,4 k/ft
Wd =6 *lA'= 8,4 k/ft
Support';
= 8,4+17,0 * 20 =254k
Straight
line
1000
<I>* Vs
For max S
= 2'
Max <I>* Vs
= 141 k.
based on Ns
=4*ffc
'
1 1 3
----
11
5
6
<l> *Vs
10
98,7k
82,3
54,9
49,4
12
14
41 ,1
35 ,3
18
Max
27,4
(27,8 min)
V* d
M
Ne
174 * 3,02
777
= 1,9*
= 63,5 + 7,80 = 0 02 16
p
18*36,3
'
= 0,68 < 1 ( OK )
ffc +(2500*p*;*d)
= 120 + (2500*0,0216*0,68)
= 120 + 37 = 157 Psi ;
<I>
* Vc = <I> * Ne * be* d
= 87,2k
At S
1 14
= 25,4 * 5 * 15 = 9521k
2
Seton Bertulang
V*d
M
Ne
At mid span:
M=
25 4
' *10*10= 12701k
2
V *d
= 42,5 * 3,02
Ne
= O, I
1270
= 120 + 5
= 125 Psi;
<I>
* Vs * S
= 493 ,7k
( # 4)
#4
Stirrups
s = 5 11
86.8k
Vs 6
lps)
1 15
493,7
M ax S = - 86,8
= 5,7 in
AtS
0;
= 67,5
Max S
= 493,7
67,5
= 7,3 in
At midspan;
<D*Vc
Contoh Soal - 20
For a simply supported span of 32 ft, with uniform dead load of 2,3 kips/ft
(incl. Beam weight) and live load of 3,7 kips/ft, determine and detail the# 4
vertical U - stirrups spacing using 1 in. multiples. Use f 1c =3750 Psi and fy
= 50000 Psi, and the simplfied method with constant Vc. The support width
is 12 in, and the beam section is shown in the accompanying figure.
Wu
= (2,3
= 9,51 k/ft
At Cl.Support;
Vu
1 16
=9,51
32
=152k
Beton Bertulang
At midspan;
= 6,29
Vu
32
= 25k
8
At Critical Seclion;
Vu
= 6 29 * (32 -
<I>* Ye
= <I>
2 54
) + (3,22 * (16 - 2,54))
2*32
= 128,6k
* Ne * bw * d
= <P * (2 * ffc) * bw * d
1
= Q' 8 5 * ( 2 * -..jfC
r::J':j
I C ) * 15 * 24 5 * - = 38 3k
'
1000
'
<D *Vs
s
4,4411
5
6
8
10
12
0,85*0,4*50 *24,5
416,5
<I> * Vs
132-38,3
83,3
69,4
52,1
41,7
34,7
1 17
Vu
s=
Kips)
11
12
#4
ForS =- max
Max <I>* Vs
'
=76,6k * (Ns = 4 * ~ f
c)
.. Where<P*Vs>76,6k,upperlimitonS =
ForNs
=50 Psi;
<I>* Vs
= 15,6kmin
=6,1 11
Contoh soal - 21
The beam in accompanying figure is to carry dead load of 1,4 kips/ft (incl.
Beam weight) and live load of 1,6 kips/ft. Use f 1c = 3500 Psi, fy = 40000
1 1a
Seton Bertulang
Psi, and neglect any compression steel effect. Using the simplifi ed
procedure, calcul ate and detail the # 3 single U - stirrups spacing for the
beam. Repeat (a) using the more detailed procedure involving (p*V *d I M ).
How many stinups could be eliminate as compared to the simplified method?
9 1 - 0 11
2 - #9
2-#8---2-#8
= ( I ,6 * I ,7 ) + ( 1,4 * I ,4 )
=2,72 + 1.96
=4.68 k/ft
43,7
33.7~
rr-r-r-7'...
Vu
Kips
5''
More detail
method
More Detail
~~ .
cantilever
7@to.l
5 1 - I 0 11
1 19
* bw * d
1
1
=085
-1000
, . *(2"-J~f
JCc)* 12*215*
'
=25,9k
For Ns
=50 Psi;
Min <I> * Vs
= 10,9k
Cantilever;
Vu
= 4,68
*8
= 37,4
Ri ght End - Main Span :
Vu
= 54,3k
At d From Right End;
= 1,791'
d
1
At S
d+6
= 2,291
Vu
18 85
=54 ,3- (2,72 *2' 29* 20
) -(196
, *2' 29) = 43 ' 9k
Vu
17 5
= 543
= 32 ,6k
' - ( 272*5
,
,0* 20 )-(196*5)
,
At Mid Span:
Vu
1 20
= 54,3 - (2,72*1 0 *
Seton Bertulang
Location
Vn
Vu
Mu
V*d
--;;;:/
V*d
p *M
More Detailed
Ne
<l>*Vc
(Psi)
Kips)
43f
199
33,3
152
R1 ,4 1k
0,7
0,0113
141
30,9k
22,0
100
134,5
0,29
0,0045
124
27,2
3,7
17
135,0
0,05
0 ,0007
11 5
25,2
54,3
248
4 3,9
200
-44,2
143
31,4
32,6
149
1,0*
0,0122
From right
+37,7
128
28,1
14,3
65
1,0
0,0061
Midspan
Support d from
37,4
170
Suppott
26,8
122
76,4
0,63
0,0038
122
26,8
Cantilever at
p=
Right end; p
12 2 15
,
I ,0
=0,0155
4*074
'
12*21,5
= 0,0 122
=112,5
1,9
.J3500
Simplified Ne:
2*
Cantilever Support;
p = 0,0 122
12 1
Stirrups;
<I>* Vs
<I> * AN* fy * d
0,85 * 0,22 * 40 * 21 ,5
160,8
At Left End;
Max (Vu - <I> * Vc) = 33,3-25,9 = 7,4k < Min <I>* Vs= 10,9k
At Critical Section :
160 8
Max S =
10,9
d
Max S = - Contro ls = 10,7
2
At Right End;
=43,9-25,9 = 18,0k;
= 160,8 =8 911 < !!:._
18,0
Using Ne
max S
'
2[jl;
= 43 ,9 -
31,4 = 12,5 k;
= 160,8
= 12 9 > d
12,5
'
=2
122
Beton Bertulang
Contoh Soal - 22
The beam of the accompanying figure is to carry 1,6 kips/ft live load and
0,9 kpis/ft dead load (incl. Beam weight). Using f 1c = 3000 Psi and fy =
40000 Psi, investigate the beam for sti rrups adequacy according to the
simplified method using constant Vc.
Wo
WL
Max Vu at support
3,98*22
=---
2
= 43 gk
'
At d from face;
Vu
= 43,8 -
2 2 72 21
* * -(1,26*2) =36,1k
22
t "
At midspan;
Vu
2,72 *22
= - --
= 7 5k
)
1 23
K
p
<I>
* Vs =
<I> * An * fy * d
S
0,85 * 0,22 * 40 * 18
134,6
=- S
ForS = 6 11 ;
<I> * Vs= 22,4k
At d from face;
Max ( Vu- <I> * Vc ) = 36, 1 -20,2
=15,9k < <I> * Vs = 22,4k forS = 611
OK )
Answer:
Stirrup Capacity is adequate, but more stirrup are requi:ed
Contoh Snal - 23
Completely design and detail the stirrups for the beam of prob ( Contoh
Soal- 20 )( ignore the spacing given ), using the more detaild ( pVd I M )
method of ACI- I 1.3.2. 1. Using f 1c = 3000 Psi and fy = 40000 Psi 3c
124
Beton Bertulang
Vu
Kips
At d from face;
Mu
* ( 2,52 ) * 2,0
At S1 - 0 from et Support;
Mu
22
'
At midspan;
Mu
= 1,26*222 +2,72*11*5*11
8
22
155 ,4 1k
125
At d from face;
V*d = 36,1*1,5 =
.
0725
M
747
'
'
,
2500 * p
*d
= 40 Psi
V*d 26,7*1,5
= - -M
143,1
= 0,28;
2500 * p * V *d
M
= 15,5 Psi
At midspan;
V *d
2500
7,5* 1,5
158,4
=0,07;
V*d
M
= 4 Psi
* p * -~
1
*p*
V*d
M
;
= <I> * Ne * bw * d
1
=0,85*Nc* 12* 18* - - =0,1836Nc#3 Stimtps
1000
<I>
* Vs * S
Max ( Vu - <I> * Vc )
126
<1> * Vs
9,7
11
* d = 911 max
Seton Bertulang
Contoh Soal - 24
The deep beam of the accompanying figure has been designed by using fy=
50000 Psi and f 1c = 3750 Psi.
Determine if web reinforcement is required
If so, detrmine the required for # 3 vertical U - stirrups.
55,3
Vu
= L.46 nf - --
L=~=274
17,5
Factored Loads; WL = 3
* 1,7 = 5,1
WD
= 2 * 1,4
=2,8
PL
= 12 * 1,7
= 8 * 1,4
= 20,4
Pn
= 11,2
127
Shear at support;
Vu
Mu
= 7,9(3,0)2 +(31,6*3,5)
2
1
= 146 k
~ = Mu 146 * 12 = I 81 > 1
'
d Vu*d 55,3*I7,5
=Ne* bw * d
et>* Ve
= 0,85 * Ne * 14 * I7 ,5
= 208,3 Ne
= 10 4k.
Min <I>* Vs
based on Ns
' '
=50 Psi
= 2*ffc;
<I>* Ve= 25 5k
'
'
128
Seton Bertulang
=76,41k
4*0,79
14*17,5
= 0,0129;
Vu* d _ 55,3 * 1,46 _
U
--- 1,06 > 1 , se 1,0
Mu
Ne
et>* Vc
et>* Vs
76,4
= 149 Psi;
= 31,0k
=Vu - ct>*Vc
= 46,6-31,0
= 15,6k
For Strength
Contoh Soal - 25
The beam of the accompanying figure carries a live load of 2,7 kips/ft in
addition to the weight of the slab and beam. Calculate and detail the vertical
U- stirrups spacing for# 3 Stirrups. Use f 1c = 3000 Psi and fy = 40000 Psi.
Use simplified procedure of ACI - 11.3.1.1.
Use more detailed procedure of ACI - 11.3.2.1.
129
d = 2211
~--- bE=6911 _ _~
~~
9 11
~~----
I Il
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
l
Vu
Kip~
I
I
I
13,2k
5,5 11
7@ IJ II
30 Stirrups/beam
130
Seton Bertulang
62,5k
_9_11_
IJII
<I>*Vs =25,6k
Vu
Kips
5,5 11
26 Stirrups I beam
WL= 2,7
45* 57
'
144
+ 12*255]
' * 0,15 = 0.586 klft
144
= 4,6 klft
* 1,7
Wo = 0,59
* 1,4
Vu ( Support ) =
= 0,83 k/ft
5 43 * 23
'
2
=62,5k
4,6 * (20,67)
Vu = ---'----~
2 * 23,0
2
At d from face;
0,83
=42,6
50,2k
* 9,17 =7,6
13 1
L
At-
4'
} 34,5'
=4,8
At mid Span;
Vu
- 4,6 * (11,5)
2 *23,0
= 13,2 k
(a) Simplified Method ACI- 11.3.1
<t> *Vs
At Ns = 50 Psi:
<t> *Vs= 11,2k min
132
A
N
* fy * d * ~ = 0'22 * 40 * 22 * 0'85 =
<t>*~
<t>*~
ct>*Vs
25,6
20,6
18,3
16,5
15,0
164 6
$*~
s
6,4
8
9
10
11
max. 0,5
*d
Beton Bertulang
80
=0,0303;
12*22
p ( 6 # 9 )=
60
= 0,0227
12 *22
At d from face:
Mu
V * d 50,2 * 1,83
--=
M
114,1
= 0,805;
Ne
=150 Psi
et>* Vc = 0,85 * 0,150 * 12 * 22 = 33,7k
Vu ( max )
Corresp Mu
4 6 19 25
= * ( ) + (0 83 * 7 75)
2*23
'
'
= 37,0 + 6,4 = 43,4k
0 83
= (370*375)+
2 *375*1925
'
'
,
)
= 139,0 + 30,0
= 169,01k
133
4 1 83
V* d = 43 * = 0 47 Ne= 104 + 27 = 13 1 Psi ( p = 0,0227)
M
169,0
' '
Ne
<I>
* Ve =29,4k
= ( 29 ' 7 * 5 ,75) +
0 83
1
2 * 5 '75 * 17 ,25 = 2 J?- k
= 34,5 * 1,83 =O 3 .
212
' '
= 104 + 23 =
<I> * Vc = 28,5k
Ne
127 Psi
= 4,6*(15)2 +083*35
2 * 23
'
'
=22,5 + 2,9
= 25 4k
'
Mu
= ( 22.5 * 8) +
0 83
*8*1 5
2
= 180 +50
= 2301k
V *d
Ne
25,4 * J,83
230
=0,20;
= 104 + 15
= 119 Psi
<I> * Vc =26.7 k
134
Beton Bertulang
Bab3
KOLOM
3. 1
Kolom Pendek
Kete.rangan :
Kc
f'c
Ac
Ast
Bab 3_Kolom
Fy
Ks
fsy
Asp
[.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'!
=[KN]
An
f'c
fy
- Ast
At
=At+A2
= luas penampang tulangan tarik
A2
136
Beton Bertulang
kerja .
an c2.
Contoh Soal - 1
Kolom pendek harus memikul beban - beban sebagai berikut:
P beban mati total
= I 000 KN
P beban hidup
= 800 KN
Momen Lentur
= 35 KN- m (akibat beban hidup)
Mu tu bahan : f' c
fy
= 28 Mpa (=N/mm2)
2
= 400 Mpa (=N/mm )
Bab 3_Kolom
137
Solusi: p =P1 + P2
dicoba p1
Pu
Mu
= 1,6 * 35 =56 KN -
Mu
56
= --= 0,02258 m
Pu 2480
e=-
Eksentrisitas
Po
= Pu
Pn
Pu
fjJ
* 25 (1 -
fjJ
<P
= 0,65
Pu
= 0,65
* 0,80 Ag [0,85 * 25 (1 -
= [m2]
Ag
= 0 , 1359 m 2 '
Ag
=b xh
Pn (m aks)
Po
138
OK
= 0,8
Pu
Beton Bertulang
2480
0,65
III
=3815,4KN
I<
Po
>I
3700 mm
3815,4
= _ ____:___
0,80
=4769,2 KN
P0
4,7692 = 0,85
= 4016 mm
p ""'2,9 % OK""'
I 3% :::; p :::; 8%
Pakai tulangan D 25 mm , n1
4016
2
n(25)
= 8 bh
Pakai 8 D 25 mm
Eksentrisitas e = 22,58
e/h
22,58
370
Bab 3_Kolom
139
(Pn)
Po
0,8 Po=Pn
..__.._-~
maks
Kutva
Mo
Contoh Soal - 2
Penampang kolom seperti gambar di bawah in i:
300mm
I<
I<
413
550mm
>I
>I
Ref I Standard:
1. Code SK:
SNI T-15-1991-03
Seton Bertulang
spec material:
beton f' c
=2 1 Mpa.
fy = 400 Mpa
Standar I codes:
P B '89 I ACI Code 318 - 83
(dapat anda pilih sendiri )
Pertanyaan:
Hitung bcsar beban tekan Ph dan hitung juga ekstensitas "balance" eb untuk
suatu kondi si regangan " balance"
llitung kuat tekan minimal Pn kolom diatas jika diberikan ckstensitas e = 1
meter.
Catatan:
Perhitungan harus memakai metode statis - analitis dengan prinsip metode
kekuatan (strenght method).
Reganga batas beton , Ecu = 0,003
Modulus elastisita baja tul angan Es = 210000 M pa
a = 0 ,80X, d imana X j arak gari s nctraJ dari serat tepi bcton yang tertekan
dan a ad alah panj ang " stress block"
a;;u msi dari dalam pcrhitungan dapat ditentukan sendiri.
= As'= 4
* 7t/4 (25) 2
= 1963 mm 2
Es'
Xb
0,003
= Xb+68,5
ES
= tSb = fy = 40000
Es
2,1XIOM
=0,000 19
Bab 3_Kolom
141
0,003
0,003 + 0.00019
Xb
0 003
* 48 1,5 = 452,8 mm
0,0031 9
Ab
= 0,8
Xh
48 1,5
* 452,8
= 362,3 mm
68.5
68,5
300 mm
I<
71
550
'
~
~~ ~<~c,_---'-- 71
_.. Pb =Pn
i _,. ah
i"
V~
~ ..........
1'--/
.,___
T
Cc
/
......_
10.85 re
'I'
Cs
ab= 0,80 Xb
1 42
Seton Bertulang
= I 963
* 10 - 6 * 40000
= 78,52 KN
t-s'
452 8
* 0,003 = 0,00026 > y
'
452,8 + 68,5
= 0,00019 (OK)
Cs
= 1963
= 0 ; Pb + T - Cc - Cs = 0
= Cc +Cs -T= 194+75 - 78,52
= 190,48 KN
LM
= 0 di Sb penarnpang kolorn
Pb. eb =
Pb. eh = 78,5
* (275- 68,5) +
eb
eb
= 326 mm , Mb
= 62 KN -
= As. Fy
= 1963
* 40000 * 10 - 6
= 78,5 KN
Bab 3_Kolom
1 43
Cs
Cc
:EH
Pn + T - Cc - Cs = 0
*)Pn =Cc+Cs-T
= 535,5X + 75 - 78,52 = 535X -3,52
(pengaruh tulangan pacta beton yang tertekan diperhitungkan)
**):EM= 0; di sumbu tulangan tarik T
Pn(l + 0,2065)- 535,5X(0,4815 - 0,4X) -75(0,4815- 0,0685)= 0
I ,2065Pn - 257 ,84X + 214,2 X2 - 30,975 = 0
x,.2
1
= - -(- 387,64 ~(387,64 2 )+4* 214,2 *35,22)
428,4
I
= - - (- 387,64424,78)
428,4
= 0,087 meter
Jadi Cc = 535,5 * 0,087
=46,54 KN
Kuat rencana adalah:
144
Pn
Mn
-:: 1,2065 * 43
=51 ,88 KN - meter,
= 1000 mm
Seton Bertulang
Contoh Soal - 3
.l ika e
Pn
= 0;
= ? KN
Step 1 - Kolom struktur non pratekan dengan pengi kat (faktor tekan
diabaikan)
Po
=0,8l(0,30 * 0,55-2 * 1963 * 10- 6 ) * 0,85 * 2100 * 10- 6 +
40000
Po
<j>Pn
* 1963 * 2 *
I0 - 6]
= 355,6 KN
=0,65 * 355,6
=23 1 KN
(SK SNI T lS- J 991 - 63 , pasal 3.3)
0,003
X
dengan E s =
:;:. 0 ,003 (dan. d"1agram )
0,003+'s
X +68,5
I
Asumsikan
c's > ey
Cs
= f's . As'
Es
= 2, I * 10 - G kg/cm2 = 2,1
Cs
* 10 8 KN/m2
= 0 (terhadap sumbu T)
Cc
* (0,48 15 -
0,4X)
= Ml
Cc
Bab 3_Kolom
MI
=206,27X -
:EH
=0
171 ,36X2
.................. (1)
= Es. Es 1
= 0,003 d - 0,0030
X
ES1
= 0,003 0,4
815
- 0,0030
I0 8 * [0,003 0,4
815
- 0,003] * 1963 = 0
428,4X - [
303345
630000]
* 1963 * 10 - 6 = 0
428,4 x
454,47 + 1236,693X = o
X + 2,89X - 1,39
=o
x,,2
x1.2
= Y2 (- 2,89 3,73)
X1
=0,42 m
Persamaan ( 1) :
MI
=206,27 (0,420 -
M1
=56,4 KN - M
Persamaan (3):
Es l
=0,0030 *
815
0,4
- 0 0030
0,42
,
Seto n Bertulang
(Ey
40000
= 2,1X iOR
=0,0019)
Pn (KN)
" balance line"
231
tarik
190,48
c= I m
43
62
Contoh Soal - 4
Di ketahui:
kolom harus memikul beban mati dan beban hidup, climana bcban hiclup
sama dcngan 2 kali beban mati yang bckerja.
Mutu beban:
fy
= 400 Mpa
f"c
= 25 Mpa
= 6D25 mm
Ast
Bab 3_Kolom
14 7
Pertanyaan:
Jika eksentisitas Pn = 500 mm ,
Hitunglah beban ke1ja aktual ko lom ini, dengan mengabaikan kehilangan
beton akibat pcmasangan tulangan
Catatan:
se lesaikan dcn gan prinsip" statika"
CL
(1)
(2)
38
----71
~0
(3)
0,003 (<eu)
es'
es
~~~( 200,
Pn
I
(4)
I
cc[ tcs
a
148
11
t o.85f'c
Beton Bertulang
Solusi:
c
= 50 mm
= 0,1 h
Ao
= 1,2 : AL
= 1,6 ;
<1>
= 0,65; ~~
=0,85
Statika dasar:
Asumsikan baja tulangan tcrtekan
* 3 = 1472,6 mm2
As'
= As = lA 1t (25)2
Cs
Cs
= 588,78 KN
Cc
* 2 1)
= 8,925 a KN
= 7,586 K
cS
X -
400
.0,0030
400
.0,0030 * 10s
=883,56
X -
400
(KN)
X-
400
* 250= 0
149
507 mm
y =
400
2,1* 105
= 0,002
Cc
440
* 0,0030 = 0,0004 < 0,002 (= y)
507
= 7,586 * 507 = 3846 KN
= 883 56
,
Pn
Pn
= 4552 KN
Jadi cs =
507
507 440
= 116 8 KN
507
,
=Pu
= AI) . PI) + AL . PL
0,65
* 4552 =
1,2 Po + 1,6 . PL
= 2 PL)
PL
P0
f'c
= 35 M pa
fy
= 400 Mpa
d'
= 65 mm
= 550 mm
= 350 mm
As
= 3280 mm2
= 775 m 2
As'
15 0
Beton Bertulang
3280
p =As/bd= 350* 550
p'
00170
, .
=As' I bd
775
= 350*550
= 0,0040
As - As' = 3280 - 775
= 2505 mm 2
p - p' = 0,0170-0,0040
= 0,013
meli hat tulangan leleh atau tidak
(p- p')fyd
= 600 1--085*08*35*65]
-- -'- - (
0,013 * 400 * 550
= 600
* 0,4591
= 275,45 K- N/mm 2
Bab 3_Kolom
105 5
08
'
= 131' 87 mm
0,85 f'c
a B.X
M)
Es'
0,003
x - d'
131,87 -65
131,87
13 187 65
131,87
ts'
f's
= cs'
2/3
* 0,003 = 0,00152
* Es
=0,00152 * 200000
= 304 N/mm 2
pb
= fJ
0,85 * f' c *
I
pb
fy
600
600+ fy
* 0,0357 = 0,0268
f'i'
pb+p' _.
fy
00 ,0268 + 0,0040
1 52
275 5 0 02955
-
,4 400
M.fy- As' fs
0,85f'cb
= 103,375 mm
Mn
Mn
103,375 I 2) *
1
1000*1000
l
+
1000* 1000
=650.659515
KNrn
'
= 650,6 KN m
Mn
=<!>Mn
= 0,8 * 650,6
= 520,5 KN-m
Contoh Soal - 5
Perencanaan Penampang Tul angan Rangkap Akibat Lentur
Mo
. ML
660 mm
OKN - m
OKN - m
f'c
d'
fy
d
=400MPa
= 66'0 mm
As
300 rnm
Solusi:
Mn
Mu 1172
Mnperlu = - = - - = 1465 KNm
f/J
. 0,8
Bab 3_Kolom
1 53
Xb
cu
* d=
= - -c: cu
Xmax = 0,75
+ y
0,003
*660
400
0003+
'
200000
= 396 mm
* 396
= 297mm
Cmax = 0,85 f'c b ~ 1 X
Mn
=C
2403,320
= --400
=6008,3 mm2
= Asfy(d - Y2 a)
= 1300,6R KNm
b.M
= 1465 -
1300,68
= 164,32 KNm
Csperlu
= -6.M- =
d - d'
164,32
* 1000
1,60 - 80
= 283,3 KN
Es'
= 297 -
80
297
*0 003
'
1 54
Cs
As'
Es
.fy - 0,85f'c
283300
= 763 4 mm 2
400 - 0,85*34
'
Tmax
=Ccmax + Cs
=2403 ,32 + 243,3
= 2686,62 KN
Asperlu
= -T = -2686,62
- fy
400
=67 16,65 mm
cs' ;::: cy
T
= p. b. d. fy
Cc
= 0,85 f'c ~~
Cs
=Cc+C
= o.s~~f'c[p-
cs'
= &cu(x -d')
*d
atau
X ;:::
600d'
600- fy
600d' ;:::
fyd
600 - .fy
0,85/3 1f' C
p'(I-o,s;c )]
[p-p'(
1_0,85f' cJJ
fy
_,(t -
0,85f'cJ ;:::
fyd
[ _ '(l- 0,85f'cJJ
fy
0,85/3 J'c p P
fy
Contoh Soal - 6
Data- data:
f'c
fy
Bab 3_Kolom
55
kondisi balance:
sb
cCU
2800
=0,00133(baa)
2 1* 106
~
'
=0,0030 (batang)
tulangan simetris 10 # 32 mm
4> 32 mm
Aist
Pertanyaan:
Tentukan gaya normal tekan balanced,
156
Seton Bertulang
Pn
= Pu
f/J
Cs,
* 220)
= 84055 kg
Cs2
* 220)
= 22019 kg
Cc
= 4 (8,042) (2800)
= 90070
'LV
=0
Xb
0,0030
*54
0,0030 + 0,00133
= 37,4 1 cm
ab
= 0,8 *37,4 1
= 29,93 cm
f's2
= S2. Es
* 106
= 0,00074 1 * 2, l
= 1556 kg/cm
Pn
'
=Pb
= 295,83 ton
Bab 3_Kolom
1 57
= 28,35 cm
Sehi ngga Mb
=295,83 * (28,35 * 10 - 2 )
= 83,87 ton meter
3.2
Perencanaan Kolom
Ec = 4700
ES
ff
=200.000
Mpa
Mpa
El = 0.2 Ec . Jg + Es . Is }
Ambit yang besar
El = 0.4 Ec . Ig
Bal,ok:
El blk = Ec . Icr
From salmon ha! 69
Faktor panjang efektif
KS 1 (brace frame)
K 1 (unbrace frame)
lu
cara nilai K r
158
Seton Bertulang
IM 2b I > IMtb I
emin
M 18
=Et>
M2B
= ( 15 + 0.03h) mm
emin :::;
Pu
Mu
=-
eperlu
f/J
e :::; 0.1 h
=-
Pu
beban konsentris
> emin
K= E
H
f/JMn
fc'.Ag.h
Dengan y, fc', fy dari Mn diagram didapat p.
f/JPn
fc'.Ag
Ast= p. Ag
bila p > 8% ukuran kolom diperbesar.
= fsVdc.A
Fs
=60% fy (ACI-10.6.4)
de
=----
Bab 3_Kolom
Ae
m
2ds.b
m
159
Os
m
Z
batas ~
Zhalas ~
30 MN I m (interior)
25 MNim (exterior)
Nb:
Zbatas
ZbaUlS
CATATAN
Concrete:
=2.1
* 105 kglcm 2
= 1 .105 I 0c
beton ri ngan y~ '1900 kglm 3
= 7.85 Tlm 3
Steel: E
160
~T
Seton Bertulang
= 12 .106 I 0c
~T
= 4<1> .Jabk'
= (ksi)
o bk
3. 3 Aneka
Contoh Soal - 1
Determine the compressive service load that the column may be ommitted
to carry at an eccentricity cy = 0,1 * h = I ,8 in., according to strength design
1
procedures. Asume that load and live load are aqua!. Use f c = 3000 Psi and
fy = 40000 Psi. Use basic principles of statics to abtain solution,
considering the effect 'Jf compression concrete displaced by steel ; compare
the result with that obtained by the Whitney formula, Eq. ( 13.14.8 ), and
compare with the maximum Pn given by ACI - 10.3.5.
Cc
* a = 0,85 * 3 * 18 * a
= 45,9 * a OK ......... 0,85 * 45,9 * X
1
= 0,85 * ( f c ) * b
= 39,0 *X
T
Bab 3_Kolom
1 6 1
:. l :. T
t___. 1
: ' 6 - t9
.____-T-i'__
0,003
LM
A!30UT
1,811
Pn = 0
15
26 1
*(X
) * 7 8 -- 0
112 ,35 * 4 '2 + (( 39 '0 * X ) * ( 7 '2 - 0 ' 425 * X ))
X
'
3
2
c47 1* x ) + c280,8 * X ) - c 16,575 * X ) - c2035,8 * x ) + c30,537 )= o
X3 - 16.95
1- 16,75
+ 17,56
+0,61
X
Cs
+ 94,3
+ 10,7
+ 105,0
= 17,5611
= 112,35 k
2 56
c:s = 0.003 * - - < c:y
17,56
Cc
162
-1843
+ 1843
= 39,0 * 17,56
=685 k
Seton Bertulang
261 * 2,56
= -- 17,56
= 38,0 k
= 112,35 + 685 + 38,0
= 835,4 k
Pn
0 ,7
= 1,55 * p
Pw
= 377 k
Pn
b*h* f 1c
As 1 * .fy
e 1+ 0,5
d- d
3*h2*e+ 1,18
d
3*40
324*3
+ 3* 8* 8
1,8+0,5
I
I, +1,18
12
15 2
= 184,8 + 60,2
=787k
(c) ACI - 318-77 Maximum ACI- 10.3.5.1.
Pn max = 0,85*(0,85* f 1c*(Ag - Ast)+(jy*Ast))
=0,85 * Po
= 0,85 * 1050
= 893 k
Bab 3_ Kolom
1 63
=893k
)11!5-r__;:_=~::!!.-:=.2..::::!......!~-- eb =8,2i
P = 232,2 k ( X
=6, 1511 )
c = 9,0
11
10
10 -# 11
0 00237 > ty
Cs2
164
Cc
Cs,
Beton Bertulang
Contoh Soal - 2
Determine the balanced condition Pb = U I <I> in addition to eb with respect
to bending about the strong axis for the column of the accompanying figure.
Use the basic statics method with f c = 3000 Psi and fy =40000 Psi.
a. Consider the effect of the compression concrete displaced by steel.
b. Neglect the effect of the compression concrete displaced by steel.
1
Cs1
= ( 4* 1,56 ) * ( 40 ( 0,85 * 3 ))
= 6 24 * ( 40 - 2 55 ) = 233 5k
'
'
Cc
= 0,85 * 3 * 20 * 0,85
= 623 k
CsL
=2
= 6,24 * 40
'
* 14,38
= 249,3 k
233,5
623,0
37,3
893,8
- 249,3
Pn
= 668 '7 1k
eb = 623 * (12 - 6,11) + (233,5 * 9 )+ (249,3 * 9) =
Mb
644,5
Bab 3_Kolom
165
=T;
= 45,2
ph
= 623 + 45,2
=668~
=
3670 + 4480
668,2
= 12.20
11
Contoh Soal - 3
Using the basic statics method and taking account of the compression
concrete displaced by steel, calculate and plot the Pn versus Mn interaction
capacity diagram for the column of "Contoh Soal- 2". Take bending with
respect to the strong axis (h = 24 in). Use f 1c = 3000 Psi and fy = 40000 Psi.
To obtain points for the diagram, compute Pn for the following cases in
addition to eh ( see "Contoh Soal- 2" )
e=O(Po)
(d)
e=0,7*h
=0,1 * h
e =0,3 * h
(e)
e=h
(a) Find Po
166
(f)
e=0
Cs,
Cs2
C S3
cc
= 0,85 * 3 * 24 * 20 - 1124,0
PO
- 1807.75k
-o
Beton Bertulang
(b) Find Pn At e
=0,1 * h;
e =2,4
11
Cs1 = 233,5k
~5 (x -1 2,o)
Cc
:E M
Bab 3_Kolom
'
= 2,55 * 20 * 0,85
= 43,4 *X
ABOUT
'
*X
Pn =0
167
~5 *(X -
12,0) * 2,4
543 0
X (x - 21,o) * 11,4 = o
(1538 * X) - (18,43 *X3)+ (417 * X~)- (65 1 *X) + (7815) - (61 95 * X)
+ ( 130000) = 0
X3 - (22 ,65 * X 2) + (288 * X) - (7470) = 0;
Sehingga:
X= 23,8
~ = 20,2'
11
1: M check
* 6,6 =
= 233,5k
+ 1540
11 8
23,8
= 0,00149 > Ey
Cs3
Cc
= 43,4
* 23,8
Pn
Mu
= 63 8 k
'
= 1033 k
- 1447 k
*1 1,4 = + 728
* 0,5 = - 517
+ 15 zO
=289,4 1k
16 B
280
* h:
Cs ,
= 233,5
Cc
= 43,4 * X
e - 7,2
11
Seton Bertulang
Cs2
= 6,24 *
27
44
(X -12)
0 03
X)
27
44
*(X - 12)*7,2
=0
Bab 3_ Kolom
- (
+ 559,97
+11284,37
+ 17,10
+ 5,81
+ 99,35
+ 11274,37
+ 659,32
-10,0:::::0
169
Sehingga:
= 17, 111 ;
= 14,54 11
141
' = 0 ,00247 > cy;
= 0 ,003 * -171
,
Cs1
= 233,5k
Cc
=43,4 * 17,1
=742,1 k
=
27 144*~
,
17,1
= 80 96 k .
,
,
39
= 542 88 * = 123,8 k
,
17,1
Pn
Mn
= 554,9
Check L. M = 0
( 233,5
ABOUT
lk
Cl
* 9) + ( 123,8 * 9) + ( 742,1 * ( 12 -
7,27 ))
=( 3215+3510)
= 6725 1k
Pn
6725
7,2
= 934k::::: 925;
Displaced Concrete at Cs2 was not Accounted for in X eqn
170
Beton Bertulang
11
= 43,4 *X
T,
=249,3 k
T2
LM
ABOUT
44
* (12-
X)
=0
Pn
cX 3 )
+ ( 11,3 ,~ X 2 )
* x2 ) + <4555 * x ) -
c 3,26 * x ) - 2967 = o
+ 11,3
+ 11 ,48
3,3
- 2967
+ 261,5
+ 2965
+ 22,78
+ 258,2
sehingga:
X
A
11
= 11 ' 48 ,
11
= 9,77
es
8 8
= 0,003 * ,4 = 0,0022 > ey
11,48
Cs
= 2,335
Cc
= 43,4
T,
= 249,3
T2
= 27 1 44 *
OK
* 11,48 = 498,0 k
0 52
11,48
= 12,3 k
Bab 3_ Kolom
1 71
Pn
Mn
Check L M = 0
ARO UT
<l
Pn
* ( 12-4,89)
= 7895
= 470
16,8
=
tk
= 3545 k
=7895 1k
OK
=2,411 > eb
= 233,5k
Cc
=43,4 *X
(Assumed)
= 249,3k
= 271,44 *(12 _ X)
X
I. M
ABOUT
Pn
=0
=0
1 72
+28 ,3
+ 97,3
- 4255
+ 9,42
+ 355
+4260
+ 37,72
+ 452,3
""'0
19,42
maka : X= 9,42
11
a= 8,00
11
Beton Bertulang
6 2
,4 = 0,0020 > c_y
9,42
= 0,003 -
Cs
= 233,5 k
Cc
T,
T2
2 58
= 27144* = 743k
'
9,42
,
Pn
Check :EM= 0
9
* ( 233,5 + 249,3)
=4345
* ( 12 -4,00 )
= 3270
408,8
= 7615
=~;
Mn
=637 lk
Pn
7618
24
=317,4 k
Cs
Cc
= 233,5k
= 43,4 ~' X
(Assumed)
=249,3k
= 271,44*(l 2 -X)
X
:EF=O
271 44
* (12- X) == 0
X
Bab 3_ Kolom
173
+ ( 5,89 *X)
+ 6,2
+ 12,09
-75,05
=0
:::.0;
Maka: X = 6,i1
+ 74,96
- 0,9
32
c 1s= 0,003*-'- =0,0155>cy
6,2
k
:EF=O
( 542,8 *X)--'( 1628,64)- ( 15,91 *X)+
( 43,4
* X 2 ) - ( 249,3 * X ) -
= 3,91
(124,8
* X) = 0
+ 3,52 *X
-37,53
+ 4,6
+ 37,35
+ 8,12
-0,18
=0
zO;
11
16
= 0003 *
'
6,2
= 0,0104 > cy
OK
Cs1
= 6,24 * ( 30,26-2,55)
= 172,9 k
Cc
= 43,4
Mn
=9
* 4,6 = 199,64 k
1,95 ))
= 3799,8 + 2006,4
= 5806,2 = 484lk
12
174
Beton Bertulang
Check L: F = 0
= 372,5-374,1
1--r
10 . #11
11
20
,...
..,
_l
h= 3 11
f1c =3000 Psi
fy =40000 Psi
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Mn:.
Bab 3_Kolom
17 5
250
P = 686 k; e = 16,54
200
400
600
1000
800
722 r~
=Mo
Mn ft- kips
Contoh Soal For the section of the accompanying figure, using ba. ic statics determine
plot the interaction diagram of Pn - Mn for bending about the X - axis.
Compute the balanced condition in addition to tho e point indicated for
"Contoh soal- 2". Use f 1c = 3000 Psi and fy = 40000 Psi.
1 76
Beton Bertulang
1,5
0,375
0,635
2,51
(a) e
=0
PO
= ( 0,85
* f 1c * b *h)+
* f 1c))
Cs
* h = L8 in
= 2,54 * ( 40 -
=833 k
2,55 )
= 95, 1 k
Cc
0,003
Bab 3_Kolom
177
X 3 - 16,94 * X 2 + 103,3
(c) e
= 18,0 in
Pn
=665 k
* x - 2200 = o
=0.3 * h =5.4 in
Cc
Cs
~ 0,003
IX : \2,68 !
Cs
= 2,54
* ( 40 -
=95,1
2,55 )
= 30,34* X
= 384,6 k
Cc
= 22l*(X -
15.49)
=_ 491 k
'
Pn=431
178
Seton Bertulang
(d) e =0,7
* h = 12,6 in
Cs
= 2,54 * ( 40 = 95,1
2,55 )
cc
=( 30,34* X)
=208,4 k
= 2,54 * 40
= 101 ,6 k
= 6,87 in
Pn
= 202 k
Bab 3_Kolom
1 7 9
(e)e=h=l8in
X= 4,43 11
Cs
= 2,54*[29000' 0,003* X
~2,51 -(0,85*3)]
= 89,2 k
C
= 30,34* X= 134,3 k
= 2,54 * 40 = 101 ,6 k
X3 + (21,18
(f)
* X2 ) -
1,49 * X)-495,0=0
X
Pn
= 4,43 in
= 122 k
Cs
2 51
= 254*[87*(X - )
,
X
Mo
Cc
T
255] =164k
'
'
=2,54 * 40 = l01,6k
1 80
a= 2,38
11
1
= [85,0*(15,49 -1,19)+(16,4*12,98)]*- = 119 1k
12
Seton Bertulang
Po:::: 833 ~
Nomin,al
Streng~_h
P;..
Mo = 119 1k
Nominal Strength, Mn
Contoh Soal- 5
For the section of "Contoh Seal - 4" detennine the nominal ultimate
capacity Pn for an eccentricity of 5 in, with respect to the X axis. Use f 1c =
5000 Psi and fy = 60000 Psi.
Bab 3_Kolom
18 1
Cc
t:>..
Cs
~0,003
b~
Balanced Condition
xh
11
pb
= 9,17
= 426 k
Cb
= 9,95
11
Actual Condition
T
= 44 0 k
'
182
Cs
= 2,54 * ( 60 = 141 ,6 k
Cc
= 14 * 0,85
= 614,8 k
( 0,85
* 5 ))
* S * 0,8 * X = 47,6 * X
Beton Bertulang
= 12,92
Pn
=~
=~
Mn
11
Contoh Soal - 6
Using basic principles, determine the nominal, ultimate capacity Pn for an
1
eccentricity of 30 in, on the column of the accompanying figure. Use f c =
3500 Psi and fy =40000 Psi.
Bab 3_Kolom
183
= 0,85
Cs
=2
* 0,6 * ( 40 -
2,97 ) = 44,4
L
=2
Assumes Yield
* 0,6 * 40 = 48,0 k
Assumes Yield
L. M ABOUT Pn
((40,5 * X ) * ( 15 + 0,425
42) =0
* X )) + ( 44,4 * 17,3 1 ) -
( 48 * 30) -( 12,48
= .J657,5 -1 7,65
= 8,01 in
= 0,003 *5 70
8,0 1
,
= 0,00214 > ey ......... OK
0,003
es At T2 -- - * 6 , 99 > ey ......... OK
8,01
Pn
1 B4
Seton Bertulang
Contoh Soal - 7
Design a square tied column with symmetrical reinforcement of about 3,5%
to carry a dead load of P = 200 kips and M= 75 ft-kips and live load of P =
1
175 kips and M = 65 ft-kips. Use 1- in, increments with f c 4000 Psi and
fy =50000 Psi.
- (1,4*200)+(1,7*175)
0,70
Reqd: Pn
= 825 k
Reqd: Mn
- (1,4*75)+(1 ,7*65)
0,70
=308 k
e= (308*12) = 448 11
825
,
xb
= ( 3 + 31,73 ) * d =o,635 * d
ab
Pb
= 0,540 * d
=Cc+Cs -
=0,85 * f 1c * b * ~
=0,85 * 4 * b * ( 0,504 * d )
= 1,835 * b * d
=825;
b*d
825
1,835
= 450 sg.in
Bab 3_Kolom
185
450
= 500 sg.in balanced
0,9
4 48
!!... :::: = 0224 Say 0,2
h
20
,
d- d 1
=- h
15
= - Say 0,75
20
d
= - = 0 875
h
Pn
= Ag *
'
f 1c
3
-J:' * -+
118
'='- h ,
186
825
= Ag*
Ag
.
= -825 = 259 sq.tn
3,18
P * !Y
K(e) + 1
- *-
+2
4
+ i035* 50 =Ag*(2,04+1 ,1 4 )
'2 *0,2+ 1,18
-*0,2+ 1
0,75
( 0,875)
3
Beton Bertulang
rl
Cs2
:4
I
c;::;:==='"" I
I
. .. .
~.
..___ X= 13,14
Try 17
11
11
0,003
0,00243
--j
col.:
4 8
e = ,4 = 0 264
h
17
'
'
12
- = 071
'Y =17
) ,
~=
14 5
= 0,854
17
825
= 285 sq.in.
Bab 3_Kolom
187
Could use 17 11 ; 18
is better dimension.
11
Try 18 11 column ;
As
4 8
!!._ = ,4 = 0 249
h
18
'
'
'Y
= 13,02 = 0 725 .
18
,
'
):
...,
= 15,51 = 0 863
18
'
Pn
= 324 *
1,687
Probably OK
Check by Statics
Cs 1
= 165,0k
= 3,54 * ( 50 - 3,4)
0 03
* (x
- 9) * 29000 - 3,4
Cs2
= 48,1 k = 2,0* [
=- 55,5 = - 3,54 * [
=0,85*4*0,85*13, 14 *18
0 03
= 683,7 k
= 0,85 * f 1c * 0,85 * X
188
Beton Bertulang
X 3 - (10,64
X= l 3,14 11
Pn
k .......... OK
#9
Contoh soal - 8
Redesign the column of "Contoh Soal- 7" using a rectangular column not
over 15 in wide instead of asquare column. Required : 3,5 % reinforcement;
dead load P = 200 kips and M = 75 ft-kips; live load P = 175 kips and M =
65 ft-k ips; I- in, increments; f 1c = 4000 Psi; fy = 50000 Psi.
- (1,4*200)+(1,7* 175)
0,70
Reqd:Pn
= 825
- (1,4*75)+(1,7* 65)
0,70
Reqd: Mn
= 308 k
- (308*12)
825
= 4,475
11
Balanced Condition
=
0,003
*d
0,003 + 0,001724
=0,635 * d
Pb "'"Cc assuming Cs = T
pb
1,835
Bab 3_Kolom
*b *d
189
For Pb
=825 k
* d ( balanced )
825
= -1,835
=450 sq.in
= 450 = 3011.
d ( balanced )
15
h=
'
30
09
'
= 33 '4 11
Compression Controls:
Pn
=Aa *
"
e
Est. h
=0,2;
=
Pn
d-d 1
h
cl
h
=0,8 ;
=0,854
= 825 =Ao *
0
-( )2 *0,2+ 1,18
0035*50
+ ;
0,9
825
19 0
*[
=A
g
- *0,2 + 1
0,8
825
11
= 254
3,249
'
Reqd: A =
g
h = 254 = 16 911
15
'
For 15
* 18
4 475
= 0 249
Est. !!._ =
h
18
'
'
825 =A
"{ =
13
-=0 72.
18
'
'
~ = 15,5 = 0 86
]8
'
1 75
40
+ ]= 2,863 *A
* [ 1,92
g
1 1,69
g
Reqd :
825
= 2,863
= 288 11 .
'
= 19 '2 11
As
= 0,035
* 288
=10,1 sq.in
Since formula is conservative when well up in the compression controls
region ,
Try 15
* 18 wi th
10-#9;
d1
11
=2437
,
'
= 15,563
11
Capacity by statics; Pn = 809 k < 825 k ...... ... reqd within 2% ........ 0K
Use h = 18 11 :
19 1
Acceptable Choices
Section
1 b * h; 15 * 18
0
Bars
10- # 9
Mn
301 6
'
lk
X= 14,23 in
* 19
"10- # 9
Contoh Soal - 9
(1,4*200)+(1,7*175) 578
= -0,75
0,75
=772 k
Reqd: Mn
= (1,4*75)+(1,7*65) = 215,5
0,75
0,75
= 308 k
= 287 * 12 = 4 47 11
772
'
0,8. h
192
Beton Bertulang
0,003
*d
0,003 + 0,001724
= 0,635
Pb = 0 85
'
* f 1c * (
A,~~ J* 0'85 * Xb
08* h
'
L.. b = 0,8*h
Ag
= 0,85 * 4 *
A
g
* 0,85 * ( 0,29 * h )
0,8 * h
= 1,05
* Ag
11
Ds"" h- 4
./
.4 1,5 ll Cover+ bar dia
d "" (2/3) * ( h - 4 ) + 0, 1 * h
X = 0,57 - ( 8/3 )
Say: 0,45
*h
tr* h
If: Pn = Pb , then 735 11 = - 4
A *fl.
Pn
1:
=Aae *
9,6* el
--=---...,..-------'--/..:...:
hh_...,..,..- + 118
(o,8 + (o,67 *
pg
ny,JY '
+ p 11 *p g *fy
3* el
I h +1
D:ltz
Lsay 20 11 or so
Bab 3_Kolom
193
Pn
-A
g
Pn
= Ao *
e
4,0
0,035 *50
3 * 0,25 + 1
o,8
------~-----+-------
1 75
0
fI 24 52
+ ] = Ag * ( 1,585 + 0 ,90)
J 937
'
'
'-
= 2,485 * Ag
= 772 = 31011.
2,48
'
h
= 19,9
11
11
Try h = 20 ;As= 0,035
* 3 14 =
110
11 - # 9
9 - # 10 ( 11 ,42)
7 - # 1 ] ( ] 0,9)
11
With 7- # 11
p8
= 0,0347
!:. =
h
4 47
= 0 2235
20
'
'
__
Ds _ 20 -3-0,75 - 1,41 =0,74
40
1 735
] =314
= 314*[ +
2,45 1,905
Pn
20
* ( 1,63 +0,91)
= (314 * 2,54)
= 799k > 772 k
Use h = 20 11 Diameter with 7- # 11
1 94
= 19' 6
11
11
'
Seton Bertulang
=3, 13 11,
= 12,87
11
x 3 - c8,31 * x 2 ) + c 180,4 * x) -
2376,2 = o;
11
= 11,18
Pn
20 11 dia; 8 - # I 0
Pn
Contoh Soal - 10
Design a square tied column with symmetrical reinforcement of about 4%
to carry a dead load of P = 225 kips and M= 220 ft-kips and a live load of P
1
= 200 kips and M= 190 ft-kips . Use 1- in , increments with f c = 4000 Psi
and fy = 40000 Psi.
Reqd: Pn
= 935
Reqd: Mn
=2
=902 kf
=---
902 * 12
935
= 11 ,57 u
For Balance:
=
Cs
0,003
*d
0,003 + 0,00 138
=A's
* ( fy-(0,85 * f 1c))
= A Is
* ( 40 -
3,4 )
= 36,6 *A's
Bab 3_ Kolom
19
* fy = 40,0 * As
= As
Cc
= 0,85 * f 1c * b
* ( 0,85) * 0,685 *d )
*b*d
= 1,977
=Cc+ Cs - T
= (1 ,977 * b *d) - ( 3,4 * ( 0,02 * b * h)
If : d
b
and
935
= 0,9 * h;
=h;
= 935
= ( I ,977
= 1,848
* 0,9 * h2 ) -
3,4 * (0,02) * h
* h2
= 935 = 506
1,848
'
h
= 22,5
11
Pn
=A
g
Use 21
11
+ p' fy
Ic
= d - d I = .!i = 0 7 62 '
h
21
'
'
e
h
196
~~
= 0,55;
~ = !._ = 18'5 = 0 88
..,
21
'
Beton Bertulang
Pn
-A
g*
3
2
(
0,88)
0,044*40
+ 2
*0,55 + 1,18 --*0,55 + 1
0,762
Reqd.: Ag
= 502 sq.in;
=22 11 +
11
* 23 11 ;
As = 0,04
=5
= 116,8 k
'
= 5 * I ,56 * 40 =312 k
Cc
Bab 3_Kolom
197
I
11 11
T,
Ill Ill Il lI
Tz
Cs1
Cc
:E M
ABOUT
Pn
=0
X + co, 165
X= 13,52
* X2 ) + c2,57 * x ) - 2850 = o ;
11
* 23 with 14- #
lO
198
11
);
Pn = l016,8k
Seton Bertulang
11
);
Pn = 937,5
Contoh Soal - 11
Redesign the column of "Contoh Soal - 10" as a spirally reinforced
circular column.
Required : 4% reinforcement ; dead load P = 225 kips and M = 220 ft-kips;
live load P = 200 kips and M= 190 ft-kips; l- in, increments;
f 1c = 4000 Psi ;
fy = 40000 Psi.
Reqd: Pn
= 874 k
Reqd: Mn
631
= (1,4*220)+(1,7*190)
=- 0,75
0,75
=842 k
e
842 *12
874
= 11 ,57 11
For Balance;
3 *d
3+ 1,38
= 0,685
Bab 3_Kolom
*d
199
Assume : Pb z Cc
-- 0 , 85 * f 1c *A seg.
Reqd: A seg
874
0,85*4
= - --
= 257
= 0,582 * d
ao
Say:
d
= 0,8 * h
ab
=0,582 * ( 0,8 ) * hb
Fig. 13.13.4;
= 0,465;
11
Find Coeff
A
seg
= 0,36
= 0,36"' hb 2 ;
Req d : hb-"
257
= 0 36 =7 15 '
'
200
= 26 71!
'
Seton Bertulang
Ax * f c
96*h*e
Ast * fy
+--....::....::...3*e
'
? + 1,18
- + 1,00
(0,8*h+0,67*Ds)Ds
Pn
Pn
f'c
Pg * fy= A * ______;;_-:----+ ----"--,-
9 6* el
11
'
lh
3* el
_ /_hh +1 00
+118
'
D~
'
Estimate:
e = 11,57 = 0 445 .
26
Ds
= 26 -
874
874
'
'
3 - 0,75-1,0 = 21,25
26
26
=Ag
=A
Bab 3_Kolom
'
40
0 04*40
'
+--'---
9,6*0,445
+ 1,18
2
(0,8 + 0,67 * (0,818 ))
3*0,445 +1,00
0,818
6
*[~+_!_.
]= 1'743 * Aa
~
3 531 2 63
0
'
=0818
874
1,743
'
= 50011
~50~*4 = 25,311
201
As = 0,04 * 500
= 20,0 11
9 - # 14
As =20,2
13 - # 11
As = 20,3
16 - # 10
As = 20,35
11
20- # 9
As = 20,2
Contoh Soal - 12
Des ign a square tied column with about 4 % reinforcement to carry a dead
load of P = 250 kips and M = 90 fl-kips, and a live load of P = 185 kips and
M= 70 ft-kips. Use 1-in, increments with f 1c = 4000 Psi and fy = 60000 Psi.
Reqd:Pn
= (1 ,4 * 250)+(1,7* 185) =
0,70
Reqd : Mn
20 2
665 = 950
0,70
245 =350k
0,70
Seton Berlulang
350 * 12
= - -950
=442 11
'
Balance Condition:
0,003
*d
0,003 + 0,001 38
= 0,592 * d
Assuming Cs
T;
= 950
= 0,85
* f 1c * b * ( 0,85 * x
b)
* 4 * 0,85 * 0,592 * b * d
=I ,705 * b * d
= 0,85
b*d
950
= 557 sq.in b
1,705
'
*h
557
= 620
0,9
11
11
.
.
.
or estnnatmg
ratios;
4 2
!!._ = ,4 = 0 22
h
20
' ,
Pn
Bab 3_Kolom
= Ag *
):. =
"
20
'
'
075
r =d -hd ' = _!2.=
20
'
'c
_ ____.:I:___
+ PK * !Y
l_ * ~ + 1,18
~2 h
~ * (!!._) + 1
203
-A
g * - -- -- - -+
950
* 0,22 + 1,18
(o,875Y
0 04*60
'
2
- - *0,22+ 1
o,7s
=0 26
'
'
=Ag *(~
+ 24 ) =316*A
2,248 1,74
,
g.
950
12
r = - = 0,705
17
= 17,3 11
10-#10; As=l2,70
* 17
Bars
10- # 10
2,51
Layers
14,49
Pn
Mn
357 lk
OK
360,5 lk
OK
11
X= l337
X3 - ( 9,6 * X2 ) + ( 248,5 * x ) - 3997,5 = o
18*18
10 -#9
X = 14,19
X3 -
204
978,7 k
* X2 ) + ( 188,6 * x) -
3361,6 = o
2,44
15,56
11
10,78
Beton Bertulang
17*17
8-#11
X= 13,13
X
18 * 18
2,705
14,295
950,1 k
350,8 lk
OK
360,5 lk
OK
11
10-#9
2,44
15,56
930,3 k
Contoh Soal - 13
= (1,4*25) +(1,7*10) = 52
-0,70
=74,4
Reqd: Mn
0,70
= (1,4*125)+(1,7*50)= 260
0,70
0,70
=372 k
e
372 * 12
= --74,4
= 60 11
Certainly for this large eccentricity, tension will control. Use Eq. ( 13.16.7 )
to estimate size.
Bab 3_Kolom
205
Estimate:
p
= 0,5 * pg= 0,01
e1
-e =
d _ hi +e
12
d1
- "" 0 15
d
' '
74 4
= b*d
3,4
e ::::::45
: : : -+2 d
'
m=
fy
0,85 * j
IC
60
0,85 * 4
= 17,65
*d =
21,85
0,0429
= 510 sq.i n
Say 24
Try 21
* 24 ;
* d = 21,5 * 24 = 515
* 21
p
t__=
2,5
18,5
=0,135;
m
206
= 17,65
Seton Bertulang
21,85 =b* d * [
~- 2,68+~(- 2,67)
+0,02* [(16,65*0,865)+3,67] ]
* d * ( - 2,68 + 2,74)
= b * d * 0,06
=b
Reqd. b * d =
21,85
0,06
= 365;
21 * 21;
b*d=389 .. .. .. .. .0K
Determine Reinforcement:
1
Pn::::: Cc= 0,85 * f c *a* b
74,4
= 0,85 * 4 * a* 21;
=1,04
11
74 4
'
* ( 60 '0- lO' 5 +
1 04
)
2
= As
* 60,0 * ( 18,5 -
2,5 )
Pn
* (e-~ +~)
= As* fy
* ( d- d 1 );
Try:
10- # 8;
As
= 7,90
8 - # 9;
As
= 8,00
6- # 10;
As
=7,62
Bab 3_Kolom
207
Statics Check:
I. 21
x 3 + c 116,5 * x 2 ) - c 190,0 * x ) -
2. 21
= 4,18
Pn
section,
d = 18,625
11
d = 18,561
11
1313,2 = o
11
* 21
11
. ....... OK
8- # 9 ( 3layers);
d = 2,439
11
3. 21
=4,44 11
Pn
* 21
........ OK
11
d = 18,49 11
=3,58 11
Pn
Beton Bertulang
Contoh Soal- 14
(a) Loads
Reqd: Pn
Reqd: Mnx
= (1,4*236)+(1,7*204) =967k
0,70
Reqd: Mnv
= (1,4*108)+(1,7*64) = 371 k
0,70
Reqd: ey
Reqd :ex
M/IX
P,,
MIIY
P,,
=
=
967 *12
936
371*12
936
= 12,41 in
= 4,76 in
Equiv. Mox
967 + { 371 * I *
(I ~,~;s)}
Equiv. Mox
Equiv. ey
= M ox = 1167 * 12 = 15 0 in
P,,
936
'
Bab 3_Kolom
= 1167 "
209
xb
= d
*( ececey ) =
+
0,003*d
= 0,685
0,003 + 0,001 38
* f1c * b * ~~ * Xb
* 4 * b * 0,85 * ( 0,685 * d )
1,986 * b * d
Pb == Cc = 0,85
= 0,85
=
For
Pb = 936 kips ;
.
Ba Ianc ed : b* d == -936 = 472 sq.m
1,98
For
Balanced: Ag =
472
0,89
=530 sq.in .
d = 0 89
'
23 x 23 Section
h 23
This eccentricity ratio is likely section to be in the tension controls zone.
+
_e' == 23,5 -13+15 = 1085
d
~:::::
d
21 0
23,5
25
= 0 11
23 ,5
' '
'
m=
fy
= 11 76
'
0,85* f'c
Beton Bertulang
Pn=0,85*4
*d
936
= 550 sq.in;
1,88 * 0,905
23,5
23,5
Est.
_e = 21,4 - 12 + 15 = 14
1
21,4
'
d
1
_d = 1,5+0,5+0,65 = 0 12
214
'
d
'
Pn
3,4*b*d*{-0,16+~0,444}
= I ,725 * b * d
Reqd. Ag
936
1,725 *0,88
= -- - = 616 sq.in;
24,8 x 24,8
Reqd. As
=0,04 * 61 6
=24,6 sq.in
Try 16- # 11;
As
= 24,96 sq.in
d1
=1,5 + 0,5+0,71
=2,7 1 in
Bab 3_Kolom
2 1 1
P;
1000
ey
= 12,41 in
Px = 1168 kips
ex
= 4,76 in
Py = 2109 kips
=0
P0 = 3212 kips
=-+--Px Pr P0
1000
1168
1000
2109
1000
3212
--=--+-----
P;
= 0,856 + 0,474-0.311
= 1,019
Provided: Pn ""'Pi
1000
=- =950 k >936 k ...... OK
1,019
212
Beton Bertulang
p 11
Pn = 936 :;: O 29
P0 3212
'
find
~::::
0,62
Pu
= j I C * b *t =
<I>* P,1
0,7 * 936
=
j I C * b * h 4 * 26 * 26
= 0,243
Pt *m = pg *m
= ( 0,0369
* 11,76)
= 0,434
Find : K *!!... =
t
Mu
j 1c*b*h 2
= 0,154
M
OX
0,7*12
At
Moy = 1288 lk
Because of simmetry;
Bab 3_Kolom
Pn=936k
213
1168
936
e=l2,41 11
1288 lk
. Mn
Contoh Soal- 15
For the column of the accompanying figure, determine the nominal strength
Pn at an eccentricity of21 in. Use f 1c =4000 Psi and fy = 50000 Psi. Apply
the basic principles of statics.
(a) Use the Whi tney - Hognestad equ ivalent system for the reinforcement
along with the circular concrete section.
(b) Use more exact treatment of the reinforcement in its correct position in
the cross section.
2 14
Seton Bertulang
7 8
Ds
=22,057
d- d
= 3. * Ds =3. * 22 057
3
= 14 ,7 1
Bab 3_ Kolom
1,693
11
'
11
215
= ~ * 1l' * (28
4
= 615
11
e s Assumed> ey
50
!Pn
llll~llr~
Cc
216
e- 11 ,2 u =9,8 11
Cs
Cc
= 0,85
Cs
= 18,0 * ( 50 -
= 180 *
87
( 0,85
* 4 )) =838,8 k
* (18 55 - X)=
'
29000
- 1566
Beton Bertulang
~ *(9,8+18,55)
29 00
maka:X= 11.81
11
c1s
0 003
*(1 1,81-3,84) = 0,00203 > cy ........... OK
11,81
cy
0 003
Cc
= 79,5
Cs
= 838,8
= 29000 -1566
11,81
* 11,81 = 938,5
k
= 894,1 < ( As * fy )
=900
Pn
(b) Use more exact Treatment of the reinforcement in its correct position in
the cross - section
Assume X is between bars 5 and 6, say between l 0 11 - 14 11
T I= 2,25
* 50
= 112,5 k
= 225,0 k
Bab 3_ Kolom
X = 14,04 11
112,5
225,0
=
391 5
' *(21,80- X)
X
216,4
217
T4 = 4,5 * ~ * (18,22- X)
4,5*~ *(14,00-X)
T5 =
39 5
; *(18,22 - X)
116,6
~'5 *(14,00 -X )
-1,1
118,8
Cs
C9
Cc
= 0,85 * 4 * A seg
203,3
= 3,4 * A seg
:E M about Pn = 0
Momof
= 112,5 * ( 25,03 + 7)
=- 3603,4
= 225 * ( 24,2 + 7)
= - 7020,0
=
218
Beton Bertulang
8221 5
391 5
* (14,00+ 7)* (14,00 - X)= * (14,00- X)
Ts
~5 *(18,22+7)*(18,22-X)= - 9 ~ 3 6 *(18,22- X)
9,78)
- 15,3 * 13,20
= - 202,0
= 210 * ( 3,80 + 7 )
C8
= + 2268,0
C9
= 105 * ( 2,97 + 7)
= + 1046,9
Cc
=3,4 * A seg * ( 21 -
33340"
,.) -
637086 5
*(21o
- x)) =0
X + (34*A
'
.<eg
'
Trial
a= 0,85 *X
Mo
X)
seg
A~..:
1 I ,9
081*h 3 032*h2
'
'
1l =0,425
I 1,95
0 815 * h3 0 325* h2 7 02
Bab 3_ Kolom
I.
708
11
'
I. I .
11
Der
a
Der
X
X=Mo 3 4* A *(? 1 0- -X )
,
seg
- '
11873,6
14,09 11 11 ,98
12111 ,1
14,0211 11 ,9 1
219
11
= 0,427
Cc
= 3,4
* ( 0,322* h2 ) = 858,3
Say X- 14 04 11
=- 112,5-225,0-216,4-116,6 + 1,1
Pn
+ 118,8 + 203,3 +
Contoh Soal 16
L
Kami
level
h = 6m
d'"' IOcm
p
Kolom
d ., 70 cm
h, =80 ~m
A s = A 's = 32 c m 2
PBf71
Beton : K300
B c~a
tulangan : V 32
220
Beton Bertulang
Pertanyaan
1. Buatlah Interaction diagram penampang
2. Berapa Vmax yang bias dipikul oleh kolom
3. Akibat P max, cek gescr di potongan A-A dan tulan gi
Solusi:
Ea;:
os
3.5%<>
"'
'l
r---- - - -----~:-----!------r-
10
32
l'.w =
- ~:.
. lto.>Uy
a,.
'
,....
------ - If
-;~---------:_::::::: ----------C,.
60
-- '
32"
10
I~
Ts
(a)
Balanced
I. a. Keadaan seimbang
8 ,-"
2780
2.lx 10 6
= 1,3 %o
3,5
. .
= 244,992 ton
= 245 ton
Bab 3_Kolom
221
=C(,.( 802 -
O,SxSl,04 )+32x2780x60
2
= 101,36 ton
= 101 ,4 ton
Nu,o
= (40x80-64) x 0,5x300+64x2780
=648,32 ton
=648
c. Lentur Murai -7
----------;r -- --
-- ----
- ---- ---.........----'""--'
32
(a}
se =
Yu -JO
(b)
x3.5 o/on
Yu
2 22
Set on Bertulang
Cs = Yu -lO x 0,0035x2,1x106x32
Yu
= 235200 Yu - lO
Yu
Ts = 32x2780 = 88960 kg
Cc = 0,8 yu x 0,5 x 300 x 40 = 4800 yu
r.f
:I:H = 0 ~
= cc+CS
Subtitusi dan penyelesaiannya memberikan yu = 11,64 cm
c.f
1 64
= x235200=33149kg
11,64
Cc
Mu
= 33 149 x 60 + 55872 ( 70 -
~ 164 ) kg cm
O,Sx
= 37,07 ton cm
M1-1.u = Pu.L
Pu =50 ton~
titik(a)
Mu= 50 ton m
titik (b)
Pu = 25 ton
Bab 3_Kolom
223
Pu = 10 ton
~Mu=
Titik a, b, dan c
20 ton m~ titik c
:. Nu = Pu = 23 ton
23
:. P = - ton= 15, 33 ton.
1,5
3. Mencari dan menulangi Shear (geser) di AA
Seperti bias a.
224
Seton Bertulang
Bab4
225
d
Syarat: h
Nu~Vu
Nu ~0.2 Vu
d
~2dt
5.52 bw. D
lcntur
* Penulangan
Vu
= 1.4 VoL + 1.7 VLL
Mu
= 1115 Vu
= Vu * a + Nu (h- d)
Nu
fy
0.85.fc'
Mf,p
Rn
=~
hd 2
(I_JI_2~n
pm in = 0.04 fc'
j)r
reinforcement:
Due to bending
Af = p . b. d
Nu
- -- f/J = 0.9
As=
f/Jfy
Take the
2/3 A vf + An Large
} value
226
Avf =
Vu
t/J .fy.Jl
1-1= 1.
A =As + A n
Beton Bertulang
Penulangan horizontal
Ah perlu;;::: 1/3 Avf
Ah
=n * 11<1 1td2 * 2
~ = 16.753 ffr'
db
Mpd;
fc' (Mpd);
db (mm)
Tegangan lekat batas dari tulangan tekan dalam semua ukuran
~ = 1.08
ffi
~5.6Mpa
~56 kg/cm 2
H = 0.4 (2400)
* '0i 1t . d2
Geser friksi
Steel bar (fy)
Betonl
Assumsi }
Bidang retak
Beton U
Vn
=A vf * fy * Jl
227
Dimana:
1.1
= 1A
=1
beton normal
=0.85
4Jb
Untuk tulangan # 14 (# 45 M)
Ldb
26.Jy
ffi
Untuk tulangan # 18 (# 45 M)
4lb
34 ..fy
= ffi
L db
0.36.db.Jy
ffi
41
= ~b * faktor -
ffi
= 0.044 fy. db
Panjang penyaluran tulangan tekan
22 8
Ld
;: -: 200 mm
Seton Bertulang
K mm= 2
D esain balok fortal
Terhadap lentur Mn . h = 1.2 Mo . b + 1.6 Mo . b = 1.05 (Mo. b + Mo)
Te rhadap geser
V n . b 1.05 (Vo . b+ Vo . b 4/k Vo . b)
= 1.05 (Vd. k +V L. k
ffid NE . k)
b d
5 . p "'): pI '2: 1.4
fy w. . pada sembarang tempa t
(Corbe~
22 9
alht ~ l
htmax 2y
bila arla gaya Hrz hams dikontrol
tegangan. Tarik pada tulangan pokok.
cari Cu=
-.====
1.5M
2K oO"I>I:'b
cr
2205
=0
o- av
0" bk
Amin = 0.03 b . ht . - -
o- av
Tulangan ge er
0" 1,
= 0.5 cr'bk
<1>
b. tetap
230
Seton Bertulang
er"
b. sementara
2 31
9m
12m
232
Beton Bertulang
~~
Um _.1
Gambar 4.4 Struktur Corbel
1. Beban mati
Berat scndiri Corbel ( 0,8
* 0,5 * 2400 )
= 960 Kg
= 145 Kg
= 1105 Kg
2. Beban Hidup
Bcban hiclup untuk Cmhel adalah 200 Kg/m
Bab 4_BrakeV Konsol Pendek ( Corbe~
233
~ V'*rL+G);{l - u) +
Dimana:
L
G
G
; }:
= 12*{(50 + 51)*(12 -
P'
Hw
= -*7540
7
H'
Hw'
I
= -*3500
7
'
12
12
2) + 83} : 2 =75,4ton
2
= 1077 Kg
= 500 Kg
2 34
Seton Bcrtulang
A) Berat Bangunan
Beban Mati Atap
* 12 * 0,12 * 2400
= 138240 Kg
Balok ( 2 * 40 +6 * 12) * 0,3 * 0,33 * 2400 = 36115 Kg
= 24000 Kg
Kolom 40 * l * 0,5 * 0,5 * 2400
= 24000 Kg
Plafond 12 * 40 * 50
P1at 40
Aspal40
* 12 * 14
6720Kg
229075 Kg
= 400 Kg/m2
= 0,9
172800 Kg
* 2400
5760 Kg
* 2 * 40
11600 Kg
= 72000 Kg
89360 Kg
200 Kg/m2
Koefisien reduksi
0,9
= 135 Kg
= 12*~(50+51)*(12-2)+83}
'
12
P'
= 0,1 * p =
'
12
0,1 * 150,8
(Corbe~
= 75,4 ton
35 ton
15,08 ton
235
1
-*
15,08
Hw
H'
= 0,1 * P = 0,1
= 2,154 ton
* 70 = 7 ton
= 500 Kg
Total
T X = Tz = 0,06 * ( H )
Tx = Tz = 0,06
213
* ( 12 )213
Tx = Tz = 0,387 detik
=Vy
= C * T* K * Wt
= 0,07 * 1 * 1 354324
= 24802,68 Kg
gedung
a) Arah X
H 12
- = -=1<3
A 12
236
F. =
rX
w.' *h.'
L,W, *h.,
*V
Seton Bertulang
b) Arah Z
F.
,r
W; *h; *V
I:W. *h.
r
I
Tabel 3. 1 Distribusi gaya geser dasar hori sontal total akibat gempa
kesepanjangtinggi gedun g dalam arah x dan y dalam tiap portal.
Titik
w1
(ton)
hi
(ton)
h1 * W1
(ton)
F1 total
(ton)
-* F IX
6
1
2
12
9
401,875
3 13,449
4822,5
2821,041
7643,54 1
15,649
9, 154
24,8
*t
_!_*
F *t
2
/Z
7,842
4,577
12,401
2,608
1,526
4,134
7,824 t
- --+
Il > .----..,...--- - - . -----.------.-----.
12m
8m
8m
Bm
Arah Sumbu Z
237
> I
Gambar 4.6 Gambar Distnbusi Gempa Arah Sumbu X
Perhitungan
1. Data
Setelah dilak:ukan perencanaan awal dan dilak:ukan perhitungan- perhitungan
pembebanan yang dipikul oleh Corbel, dan data pembebanan itu adalah:
: 1105 Kg/m
Beban mati yang bekerja pada Corbel
Beban hidup yang bekerja pada Corbel
: 76677 Kg/m
Beban gempa lantai atap arah X
: 2608 Kg
: 1526 Kg
Beban gempa terhadap Corbel arah X
Beban gempa lantai atap arah Z
: 7824 Kg
: 4,577 Kg
Beban gempa terhadap Corbel arah Z
=Vu
Vu
* D ) + ( 1,6 * L )
=( 1,2 * 1105 ) + ( 1,6 * 76677 )
Vu
= 124009,2 Kg
Vu
= 1240092 N
= ( 1,2
238
Beton Bertulang
uc
adalah
uc
uc
= 0,2
uc
= 248018,4 N
<I> * Vn
Vn ;;::: Vu
<I>
A vf
vf
= 1240092
0,65
= 1907834 N
VII
= ! _,.*j.J.
= 1907834
400* 1,4
= 3407 mm2
= ( Vu
* a) + ( N uc * ( h -
d)
* ( 0,8 -
0,75 )
= 322423,92 Nm
Dari tabel SK SNI T-15- 1991-03 nilai- nilai p min teoritis, karena
menggun akan f 1c = 25 MPa dan fy = 400 MPa maka p yang
digunakan adalah 0,001 9.
Ar
=p * b * d
Ar
~.
239
uc
=<I>* An* fy
N uc
An
= <l> *fy
An
= 0,65*400
248018
954 mm 2
= Af+ An
= 7 12,5 + 954
= 1~66,5 mm
As
= 2 * A,:r
+ An
.
1
.
R as10 penu angan p mm
.
= 0,04fy*fie
pmm =
0,04 * 25 0 0025
400
= '
Ah
Ah
= 0,5
'
* ( As - An )
= 0,5 * ( 3225-925 )
= 11 35,5 mm2
240
Seton Bertulang
12400092
Vu
=-----<1> * 0,65 * 500 0,70 * 0,65 * 500
= 5450,95 mm
=Yu=(l,4*D)+(l,7*L)
Vu
Vu
= 131897,9 Kg
Vu
= 1318979 N
uc
adalah
uc
uc
= 0,2
liC
= 26379,58 N
Maka yang diambil gaya - gaya tarik berfaktor adalah yang terbesar
yaitu: 26379,58 N
241
d min
Vu
.................. ( untuk satuan lb/inch
<P * b *800
d min
Vu
........... . ........ ( untuk satuan Kg/Cm
<P * b * 56
d min
= 0,85 * 50* 56
131897,9
= 55,42 cm
Karena d sangat kecil dari h maka untuk d yang diambil adal ah 75 cm.
A Vf
Vu
=-~~-
131 897,9
0,85 * 4000 * 1,4
=27 71 cm2
'
Mu
* a) + ( N uc * ( h -
d)
Mu
* ( 0 ,8 -
0,75)
=3429345,4 Nm
Rn
242
pcrlu
=
-
Mu
<P *b * d 2
fy
<I> * l c
0,85 * 25
= 18 823
'
Beton Bertulang
Ar
= p*b*d
2
'
N uc
=<I>*An*fy
An
An
NIIC
<I>*JY
26379,58
0,85*4000
7,759 Cm2
As
= Ar + An
2
= 13,875 + 7,759 = 21 ,634 Cm 2 = 3,35 inch
As
2* A .
vJ
+An =
3
= 4,066 inch 2
2 27 7 1
* + 7,759= 26,23 mm 2
3
0,04 * f I C
.
]
.
____::_
R as10 penu angan p mm = __JY
pmin
= 0,04* 25 = 0 0025
400
,
243
A vf
27,7 1
3
=9,237 Cm2
= 1,43 inch2
Ah
=0,5 * ( A s - An )
=0,5 * ( 26,23-7,759 )
= 9,236 Cm2
= 1,43 inch2
Maka yang digunakan adalah luas tulangan yang terbesar yaitu 1,43
2
inch2 , oleh karena itu digunakan tulangan 8#4 = 1,60 inch .dipasang
sepanjang ( 2/3) * d = ( 2/3) * 750 =500 mm, dengan spasi 63 mm.
Vu
= _ _ 13189,7
__ ,;...____
=17,73 Cm
Jadi ukuran panjang plat landasan adalah 17,73 Cm"" 18 cm
244
Seton Bertulang
0,4m
Bab 4_Braket1Konsol
Pend~k (Corbe~
245
Nuc
0,4m
0,4m
H
0,05 m
0,45 m
246
Seton. Bertulang
BabS
FONDASI TELAPAK
{FOOTINGS)
5.1 Pendahuluan
5. 1. 1 Maksud
Fondasi tapak adalah elemen-elemen struktur yang mentransfer beban- beban,
atau beban-beban lateral/tekanan tanah, kelapisan tanah dasar pondasi. Jika
beban-beban tersebut ditransfer sebagaimana mestinya maka fondasi harus
direncanakan untuk menahan kelebihan penurunan atau rotasi, untuk
mereduksi perbedaan penurunan dengan faktor cukup terhadap perpindahan
horizontal dan guling atau dengan perkataan keamanan lain pondasi
berfungsi meneruskan beban-beban dari kolom (upper structure) kelapisan
tanah tapak fondasi. Fondasi telapak adalah termasukjenis pondasi dangkal.
2 4 7
Keterangan:
( 2 *B)
Df
B
Gambar b
248
Seton Bertulang
249
kohesi tanah
Ne, Nq, Ny
se, sq, sy
Persamaan (F-1) di atas dikenal juga dengan persarnaan Daya Dukung Terzaghi
Faktor-faktor daya dukung Ne, Nq, Ny, hanya tergantung kepada sudut
tekanan geser tanah.
Nilai- nilai Ne, Nq, Ny, dapat diambil dari tabel- tabel yang tersedia (dari
buku-buku referensi mekanika tanah).
Nilai-nilai numerik Ne, Nq, Ny, dapat diambil dari tabel 2.1, sedangkan
nilai- nilai se, sq, sy, diperoleh dari formula-formula berikut ini:
Bentuk Dasar
Fondasi
Telapak
"4 pp"
Lingkaran/
Bujursangkar
250
Faktor Bentuk
se
1 + (B/L) * (Nq/Nc)
1 + (Nq/Nc)
sq
1 + (B/L) tan~
1 +tan~
sy
1 - 0,4 * (B/L)
0,6
Beton Bertulang
Tahle 2. 1 Bearing Capacity Factors ( Based on Prandtl - Reissner and Caqout - Kerisel Factors)
Ill
(dc.grc~)
Nq/Nc
Tan Ill
1.00
0,00
0,20
0,00
5.38
1.09
om
0,20
0,02
5.14
5.63
1.20
0, 15
0.21
0,03
5.90
1.3 1
0,24
0.22
0.05
6.19
1.43
0,34
0.23
0,07
6.49
1,5"/
0.45
0 ,24
0,09
6,8 1
1,72
0 ,57
0.25
0, 11
7. 16
U!8
0.71
0.26
0.12
7.53
2.06
0,86
0.27
0,14
7.92
2,25
1,03
0,2R
0,16
10
8.35
2,47
1,22
0.30
0.18
11
8.80
2,7 1
1,44
0 ,31
0,19
12
9.28
2,97
1.69
0,32
0,21
13
14
9.81
3.26
1.97
0 ,33
0,23
10.37
3.59
2,29
0 .35
0.25
15
10.98
3,94
2,65
0 ,36
0,27
16
11.03
4,64
3,06
0,37
0,29
17
12.34
4.77
3,53
0,39
0,31
18
13,10
5,26
4.07
0.40
0,32
19
13.93
5,80
4 ,68
0,42
0,34
20
14,R3
(i,40
5,39
0 ,43
0,36
21
15,82
7.07
6,20
0,45
0 ,38
22
16.88
7.R~
7 , 13
0,46
0,40
23
18,05
8.66
8,20
0,48
0,42
24
19,32
9.60
9,44
0,50
0,45
25
20 .72
10,66
10,88
0,51
0 ,47
26
22.2S
11 ,85
12, 54
0,53
0,49
27
23,94
13,20
14.47
0,55
0,51
28
25.80
14,72
16.72
0,57
0.53
29
27,R6
16.44
19.34
0.59
0,55
30
30, 14
18.40
22.40
0.61
0,58
31
32,67
2o.63
25.99
0.63
0,60
32
35.49
23.1 8
30,22
0,65
0.62
33
38.64
26.09
35,19
0.68
0.65
Remark.~
c*= 0,67 c
<!>* = tan -t ( 0,67 + D,- 0 ,75
for: 0 ~ D, ~ 0,67
Dh tun <I>
251
34
42, 16
29,44
41,06
0,70
0,67
35
46,12
33,30
48,03
0,72
0,70
36
50,59
37.75
56,31
0,75
0,73
37
55,63
42,92
66,19
0,77
0,75
38
61.35
48,93
78,03
0,80
0,78
39.
67 ,78
55,96
92,25
0,82
0,81
40
75,31
64,20
109,41
0,85
0.84
41
83,86
73,90
130,22
0,88
0,87
42
93 ,71
85.38
155.55
0,91
0,90
43
105, 11
99,02
186,54
0,94
0,93
44
118,37
115.31
224,64
0,97
0,97
45
138.88
134.88
271,76
1,01
1,00
46
152, 10
158.51
330,35
1,04
1,04
47
173.64
187,21
403,67
1,08
1,07
48
199,26
222,31
496,01
1,12
1,11
49
229,93
265.51
613,16
1, 15
1, 15
50
266,89
319.07
762,89
1.20
1.19
Dimana, zb = dalamnya air tanah diukur dari level tapak fondasi. Untuk
lebih jelasnya, j ika "surcharge", q hanya akibat berat tanah se "dalam" Df
dan ('"/ I y ) = 0,5 maka daya dukung fondasi hams dikoreksi dengan
formu la sebagai berikut:
252
Seton Bertulang
dimana Wq dan Wy adalah faktor koreksi akibat muka air tanah berada
sedalam " Df'.
Nilai Wq dan Wy dapat diperoleh dari gambar 2.1 (a), (b) dan (c).
[t-:0J
ly
= ( lq. )2
253
ull
=q ult *A
-A'
[ G * N c * Se * le+
. q * N q * Sq * Wq * lq
. + _!_ * y *
2
Keterangan:
Q ult
A'
B'
ic , iq , iy
wq , Wy
254
Seton Bertulang
1
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,9
0,8
0,8 1,0
0;2
0,4
d2/0f
0,6
0,8
1,0
Gambar (a)
___ g_~'lj!:-_ __ _
Of
d2; 0 ~cb ~ Of
114
..-
--8
Gambar (c)
d2; 0 d1 8
. sz__
GWL
- ______________
~
255
0,5
* B'
.Q is
applied also
centroid of
- '"'"''tl.f""<>t
r--+-t'oint
Where L
Qls
Applied
are~)\' .
B'::;;B -2c,
A ' =B'*L
Q_~~
{ii)
A'
Fs
Fs =Factor
of Safety
Q
A
(iii) Stresses at the Ba
(a)
of Foo
(b)
Where
C1 = 0,5*B
Ml = Q*e1
11 = (1/l'~J *L*B
A=B*L
(c)
256
Seton Bertulang
L'
controls
of area A'
A = B * L A' = B '
Gbr. (a)
'
,$1
'
Gbr. (b)
'
A'
1
'
.Es
~w
Gbr. (c)
257
O=Rv
Gbr. S.~~nda i
an de~n sudut:
258
Seton Bertulang
~,
M
kritis.
(4) Bentuk kolom, dinyatakan dengan ~c = si.si. panjang dari kolom empat segi.
stsl pendek
(5) Tahanan lateral seperti mungkin dihasilkan oleh balok - balok kaku
sepanj ang batas-batas pelat. Dalam fondasi telapak umumnya tidak ada
tahanan lateral.
(6) Kecepatan pembebanan.
259
f'c
= -
* hw * d
Ye
bo
Be
Nu
Vc
= ( 1+
!)* (~f i*
Ag
c)*
bo * d
pelat bcton
d
260
0 ,8
Seton Bertulang
~-=---+----
f;J
~I
-...--+--~
I
I
I
~:-...J..:J...
(a) Pondasi Tapak Tunggal
Jl""]
:_ garis sernpadaii
; 1-
~-
:- - - -- . - &
...
J - ----- iI
JA
~r
I
~-
garis sepa~~
rx---
~ I
- ~~~~--
. _ garis sepadan
-;fA . - - ~-=--~~
.~ '
~_....- -
~ .
2 6 1
26 2
Seton Bertulang
ris kritis
~ I
I
-=---=...~
-1
C-
!..
.I
Keruntuhan1aric diagonal
(b)
2 63
(/3 + 1)
264
Seton Bertulang
(3) Perhitungan ctari geser pacta sembarang penampang yang ctibuat melalui
fonctasi yang ctictukung cti atas tiang, hams ctictasarkan pacta ketentuan
berikut:
);> Selumh reaksi ctari sembarang tiang sumbun ya beracta pacta ctan
ctiluar jarak ctp2 ctari penampang yang ditinjau harus ctianggap
memberikan geser pada penampang tersebut.
);> Reaksi dari sembarang tiang yang sumbunya beracta pacta atau lebih
ke ctalam ctari dr/2 ctari penampang yang ctitinjau harus ctianggap
tictak me nimbulkan geser pacta penampang tersebut.
);> Untuk sumbu tiang yang beracta ctiantaranya, bagian ctari reaksi tiang
yang dapat dianggap menimbulkan geser pada penampang yang
ditinjau, hams berdasarkan pada interpolasi garis lums antara harga
penuh pacta d p/2 di luar penampang dan 0 (nol) pada dp/2 di dalam
penampang.
265
)>
(2) Dalam konstmksi yang dicor ditempat, tulangan yang ditentukan untuk
memenuhi Ayat 3.8.8 butir I harus disediakan dengan jalan meneruskan
batang-batang tulangan memanjang sampai ke pedestal atau telapak
penumpu, atau dengan pasak, Ketentuan luas tulangan dan sambungan
yang harus dipenuhi:
)> Luas tulangan melalui bidang kontak dari kolom dan pedestal yang
dicor setempat tidak boleh diambil kurang luas bruto komponen
struktur yang ditumpu.
)> Luas tulangan melalui bidang kontak untuk dinding yang dicor
setempat, tidak boleh kurang dari tulangan vertikal minimum yang
diberikan oleh Ayat 3.7.3 butir 2.
)> Batang tulangan memanjang D-44 dan D-56 dalam telapak yang berada
dalam tekan saja, dapat disambung lewatkan dengan pasak untuk
memberikan penulangan yang disyaratkan sesuai dengan Ayat 3.8.8
butir I.
Pasak tidak boleh lebih besar dari D-36 dan harus diteruskan ke
komponen yang tertumpu sejarak tidak kurang dari panjang
penyaluran dari batang D-44 dan D-55 atau panjang sambungan
pasak, tergantung mana yang paling besar, dan telapak dengan jarak
yang tidak kurang dari panjang penyaluran pasak.
266
Beton Bertulang
);;>
267
268
Seton Bertulang
Fondasi harus dapat menahan gaya angkat bersih yang terjadi akibat beban
- beban lateral pada taraf itu. Ketahanan ini harus dihas ilkan oleh beban
mati dari fondasi yang dapal dibantu oleh tahanan gesek dari tiang fondasi.
Tiga alternatif pembuatan fondasi ditunjukkan dalam garnbar Gr. 5.8 dan
Gbr. 5.9.
kerjaJ~
Cfa
B*L =
qa
Jika, maka
?
a. * a-
=-p
q"
269
* L= ~ +P2
Ar
=B
q a!
q(l,
X =
= P 1 + P2
P *P.* 2
I
~ +P2
= 2 * (b, +X)
=B -
b2
(e) maka: B
b1 - B
= -AI
L
~ +P2
q (/ ,/1
=P1+P2
-~ * XI + P2*X2
~ * P2
270
Beton Bertulang
X +B
=(L,L+2+L* LJ* B3
2
qa.11
qa.11
= Rm
* Sina.
Ko~rn
; ;
Gbr. 5.8
.Remindahan
tieban vertikaf dan
momen guling
kepada tanah
Bawah pada
fondasl gabungan
271
213 dt minimum
batang ini dapat dicoJ
.pasangan batu kali
Blok beton bertulang dengan ukuran yang diperlukan
untuk penyebaran beban vertikal ke fondasi batu kali
CATATAN:
Uhatgambar
3.1.11 dan
3.1.12 untuk
jarak sengkang
dan p_anjang
sambungan
SUOUT
OARI
BALOK
FONDASI
Tulangan
Kolom
-~::::::i====--===l
Gbr. 5.9 Fondasi Batu Kali Menerus dan Fondasi Telapak Beton Bertulang
272
Seton Bertulang
Ambit
273
P1
P1 + P2
b2
L 1 Potongan
81
Garis
pemilikan
11
11
DerJah
Gbr. 5.11
Garis
pemilikan
Gbr. 5.12
274
Seton Bertulang
Gbr. 5.13
qa At= Rv
(b) Eksentris
Gbr. 5.14
275
4.
5
6.
7.
276
Beton Bertulang
1
I
Potensial Crack
Critical
'
section
Critical ~ 1 1
_ :~ti~n
~ ~ (a/4)
-
- - r 1-
Cente~ine of wall
Potensial Crack
Critical
section
Gbr. 5.15
2 77
Face of metal
colo!Jnn
Critical section
Critical section
Gbr.
Gbr. 5.17
278
Seton Bertulang
A and B
Long bars equal sparing
t -- -
T---,-,--
~- ~ -
T-- - 1- ,
CJ
r- -
I ,
--~-
-- I
1- - -
-~
L- -
+---
~-
~--- ~- - - ~ -,
~--
-- ~ -- ~ -
1- - 1 - - - - I - - - - I
~ - ~- -
r -
- 1- - 1- - - -1-- --1
I
-~- - - - - - - - .
B/2 : B/2
I
Band A
BandS
Band A
L
(a)
-0- -0-(b)
{c)
Potongan
kritis
untuk
ges~ar
Gbr. 5.18
279
5.6. 5 Contoh Soal Fondasi dengan Beban " P" dan "M"
MUTU BAHAN:
1
Beton
: f c= 210 kg/ cm
: ye= 2,4 ton/ cm
= 1700 kg/ m 3
=5,0 ton/ m?
ALL
DATABEBAN
Dari perhitungan struktur atas, diperoleh:
Beban mati ,
DL
= 1500 Kg
DL
= 800 Kg
= 2500 Kg
Beban hidup,
PvLL
H LL
=950 Kg
ANALYSIS FONDASl
Skema:
300
850
250
e.=2~q
[Rl'
I
850
I~:
:
..... 1200
280
:I
Seton Bertulang
PEMBEBANAN
(a) Beban mati
W
W
TANAH
PEDESTAL
= 0 ,30
FOUNDATION
Berat Pondasi W
roTING
* 0,30 * 0 ,6 * 2,4
____
= 0, 13__
tOn
.;.__
= I ,42 ton
=P oL + W F
= 1,5 + 1,42 =2,92
M DL
=2,5 ton
= 0,905 ton
LL
M LL
=(0,95 * 0,85) -
(2,5
CHECKTEGANGAN TANAH
Akibat beban tetap : (DL - LL)
Beban vcrtikal akibat beban tetap:
= PvoL + PvLL
= !:!____ = 0,4875
I.Pv
0,09 m
5,42
B 12
B
- = - = 0 2 m -7 for e < 6
'
281
e
1+ -
0,09
1+ 12
1 075
'
'
= a* :LPv = 1,075 *
cr
5 2
,4
(1*1,2)
=~ * L PV
=0,35 * (5,42) = 1,897 ton
DL -LL
resistance >
DL- LL ... OK
Beban u]timat:
Karena proporsi beban mati dan beban hidup tidak diketahui, maka
faktor beban ultimat dipakai 1,6 sehingga:
Qu
WP ] * b ---7 b = 1000 mm
B* L
1 42
'
] *1
1 * 1,2
282
Beton Bertulang
Permodelan Structure:
Footing dimode1kan sebagai cantilever dengan posisi jepit didepan
pedestal:
Moment maximum yang terjadi:
Mu
= - * Qu * L2 --7 L
2
= 0,85 - (0,5 * 0,3)
=0,7 m
= _!_
2
= 1,441
ton. Meter
P min
P max
~ = 00035
400
'
= 0,75
* Pb
1
= 075 * 0,85* P1 * / c
'
fy
*[
600 ]
600+ fy
28 3
Rn
Mn
cP *b*d 2
-7
1,441 * 10
= 0,85* j
0,4
0,85*21
=22,41
p
Pr
= 1,33 * p, peraturan
= 1,33
=py* b * d
= 0,00135
= 370 mm
* 1000 * 200
2
28 4
Seton Bertulang
Beban horisontal
Hu
= (1,4
= (1 ,4 * 0,8) + (1 ,7 * 0,95)
= 2,735 ton
Ukuran pedestal:
Lebar pedestal, b = 300 mm
600
h=
= 2 < 3, effek kelangsingan diabaikan.
b 300
=p
min
min
= 0,01
* Ag -7 Ag = b * h 1
2
)
Perhitungan sengkang:
Beban horisontal ultimat pada pedestal adalah:
Hu = 2,735 ton
Kekuatan geser beton:
Vc
= J..*m *300*250
6
=57282 N
<1>
* Vc =0,85 * 57282
= 48690 N = 4,87 ton
285
286
Seton Bertulang
= 20 ton
Geometris Fondasi:
Beban hidup, P
LL
= 10 ton
=4m
f c
= 25 MPa
=4m
fy
=400MPa
= 1,4 m
cl>
=0,85
Penutup I
= 2m
= 1,8 ton/ m
CJ
= 0,6m
C2
=0,6m
= 25mm
287
Solusi:
1) Cek Tekanan tanah
Assumsikan bahwa tekanan tanah akibat beban-beban berupa tekanan
merata. Luas tapak fondasi cukup menahan tekanan tanah dan tidak akan
melebihi aksial + berat sendiri fondasi + berat tanah ("overburden").
Perhitungan beban-beban:
Beban dari ko1om (beban mati + beban hidup)
= 30 Ton Force
* 4 * 1,4 * 2,4
= 53,76 Ton Force
Berat tanah(Overburden), (4 * 4-0,6 * 0,6) * 1,8 * 0,6 = 10,01 Ton Force
TOTAL P
Tegangan tanah terjadi, p =
~otal~
B*L
.!_ * / 1c * hw * d
6
= 0 * ( 1+
2BB
Seton Bertulang
Luas effektif = (
~ - 0,5 * c
*d)* L
= 1,58 m2
(B + L)
P net
= 2,50 ton/ m2
net
Vu
Vu
Vu
=p
Vu
net
Mu
= (B
2
~ - i)
_5_)
2 *((B
2 _5_)*05*p
2
1
net
*L)
= 1445Ton.
M
'
Rn
fy
0,85* f 1c
Mu
f/J*b*d 2
= 18,824
= 2,12123
<*(I-~I-2*";;Rn)
= 0,005598
P bal
= 0,03 1875
P max
= 0,023906
=0,003500
289
4) Cek Tulangan
Luas tulangan perlu, As
As= p
* b * d = 29221,6 mm
= 490,625 mm 2
As. Total
= 29221,6 mm 2
N tul. Perlu
= 60 btN tu!.
Ada
=60 bt
Jarak tu!. S
=67mm
Jarak tu!. S
=67mm
OK
= 22 mm
I db
= 0,02
I db min = 0,06
*Ab *
fy
ffc
= 608 mm
* db * fy = 528 mm
Yang tersedia:
I dbada = 1305 mm
(dari data geometris dan diameter tulangan pada fondasi)
I db menentukan
290
Seton Bertulang
<I>= 0,7
Pn = 0,85 * tc * Ag = 765 Ton Forces
Pu = 40 Ton Forces
Menurut ACI Code- 12.3 maka ada faktor perbesaran kapasitas fondasi
akibat beban kolom. Sehubungan dengan perletakan pada fondasi beton,
kapasitas dukung fondasi terhadap beban vertikal akan bertambah
2
proportional terhadap akar A , dengan faktor koreksi sebagai berikut:
Al
Keterangan:
A 2 =Luas total area yang diperhitungkan waktu perhitungan p
A 1 =Luas penampang kolom
net
* c2
291
1) ~
db* fy
4*....;f1c
2) Id min = 0,04
Sebagai latihan, mohcn anda gambarkan hasil akhir dalam bentuk gambar
detail.
f 1c
ye
=2,4 ton/ m3
Conrete
Reinforcement fy
SOIL DATA:
A11owable soil bearing capacity
a an
= 10 ton/ m2
=1700Kg/ m3
EQUIPMENT DATA:
Ratting Volted of Transformer
292
1600 KV
Transformer Weight,
WE:
5010 Kg
Transformer Height,
HE :
2430mm
Beton Bertulang
FOUNDATION ANALYSIS:
Sketch:
Gbr. 5.19
...<S.
LOADING
(a) Vertical load
Foundation weight:
WF
Pv
= WE+Wp
=5,010 + 2,81
=7,820 ton
(b) Seismic load
Horisontal load due to Seismic load shaH be calculated as follow:
H
=C * I *K * Wt
Where:
C
= 1,5
293
=2,5
wl
a= -:EPv
A
7,820 )
(1,26 * 1,16
lO tonI m2 . . . . . . QKI.
= H Seismic * h
=0,9394 * 2,015
Seismic
:EPv
B
6
7,820
= 116 = 0
6
a"
= 1893 =0,242 m
'
193 m
'
for e > B
6
= 2,288
'
7,820
(1,26* 1,16)
........... . . OK
CHECK SLIDING:
Assumed: Passive earth pressure was neglected
Static friction between soil & concrete, lls = 0,3
294
Beton Bertulang
So:
Horizontal resistance of foundation about sJiding:
H
Resistance
= !ls * :E Pv
= 0,3 * 7,820 =
REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE:
Used shrinkage reinforcement: Ps
Take b = 1000 mm,
As
f c
"(C
=2,4 ton/ m 3
Reinforcementfy
SOIL DATA:
2
"(
= 1700Kg/ m3
EQUIPMENT DATA:
Ratting Volted ofTransfmmer: 2000 KV
Transformer Weight,
WE: 5400 Kg
Transformer Height,
I
HE: 2435 mm
FOUNDATION ANALYSIS:
Sketch:
. -...... Trato
j-1330
-1
Gbr. 5.20
LOADING
(a) Vertical load
Foundation weight: Wp
=9,09 ton
(b) Seismic load
Hori sontalload due to Seismic load shall be calculated as follow:
H= C * I *K * W 1
Where:
c
I
K
296
Wt
Seismic=
Seismic*
h = 1,0125
2,07
B
e -- _!!__- 2,096 -0
- ,231. m B- 1,33-0
- ,222 m, for e >6
LPv
9,09
6
6
a.
cr"
2
= --,----:-
*(
0,5 - ;)
=a.* I.Pv
3 * (o 5 _ o,231
=2041*
'
'
1,33
=2,041
9,09
(1,33 * 1,36)
CHECK SLIDING:
Assumed: Passive earth pressure was neglected
Static friction between soil & concrete, f..ls = 0,3
So: Horizontal resistance of foundation about sliding:
J..ls * L Pv
= 0,3 * 9,09 = 2,727 ton> H Resistance= 1,0125 ton ..... OK !
H Resistance =
REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE:
Used shrinkage reinforcement: Ps = 0,0018 (steel ratio)
297
Take b = I 000 mm ,
As
=Ps * Ag
f 1c
ye
=2,4 ton/ m3
Reinforccmentfy
SOIL DATA:
Allowabl e soil bearing capacity cr all = 8,8 ton/ m2
y
= 1700Kg/ m
EQUIPMENT DATA:
Ratting Volted of Transformer
2500 KV
Transformer Weight,
WE: 7550 Kg
Transformer Height,
HE: 2455 mm
-FOUNDATION ANALYSIS:
Sketch:
298
Seton Bertulang
LOADING
(a) Vertical load
Foundation weight:
= 1,5
= 2,5
Wt
:I:Pv
11,736
2
2
==(
) = 5,38 ton/ m < cr All = 8,8 ton/ m ... ..OK!
A
1,38 * 1,58
2 99
.!:!__::
'LPv
2 8696
= 0,2445 m
11,736
B = 1,38 -- 0 23 m
6
6
2
= a * LPv
A
c10r
B
e>6
3*(0,5- ; )
cr "
'
'
= 2,07
3*(0,5-1,38)
= 207 *
'
11,736
(1,38 * 1,58)
CHECK SLIDING:
Assumed: Passive earth pressure was neglected
Static friction between soi l & concrete, fls =0 ,3
So: Horizontal resistance of foundation about sliding:
=fls * L Pv
H Resistance
= 0,3
* 11 ,736
As
Use 2- D 13
300
Seton Bertulang
Reinforcementfy
SOIL DATA:
Allowable soil bearing capacity cr all
Unit weight of soil
"{
=8,8 ton/ m2
= 1700Kg/ m3
EQUIPMENT DAT A:
Ratting Volted of Transformer:
3000 KV
10000 Kg
2835 mm
FOUNDATION ANALYSIS:
Sketch:
2218
DI660 ~
j-1600
-1
Gbr. 5.22
301
LOADING
(a) Vertical load
WF
Foundation weight:
= 1,66
=5,099 ton
Pv
H = C * I *K * W 1
Where:
C
= 1,5
=2,5
Wt
=WE= lOton
cr
= :EPv
A
= 8,8 ton/ m2
.......... OK!
Seismic
=H Seismic * h
= 1,875
* 2,218
302
Beton Bertulang
M
4,1588
=-- =
:EPv 15,099
= 0,2754 m
16
B = = 0,267 m,
for e > 6
2,03
cr"
= a* :EPv = 2 03 * 15,099
A
'
(1,66 * 1,6)
2
= 11 ,7 ton/ m
* 1,33
............. OK!
CHECK SLIDING:
Assumed: Passive earth pressure was neglected
Static friction between soil & concrete, Jls = 0,3
So: Horizontal resistance of foundation about sliding:
Resistance
= Jls * L Pv
= 0,3 * 15,099
303
REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE:
Used shrinkage reinforcement: Ps
Take b = 1000 mm ,
= Ps * Ag
= 0,0018 * (1000
As
= 1440 mm
Use 2- D13
304
),
* 800)
Seton Bertulang
LAMPIRAN
<1>
f31 f' c
fy
600
, pasal 3.14
600+ fy
Lampiran
MPa
Mpa
3 os
8. Lebar fl ens
9. Kuat geser, Vc; pasal 3.4
10. Beban faktor U; pasal 3.2.3
U = 1.2 D + 1.6 L
U = 0.75 (1.2 D + 1.6 L + 1.6 W)
(3.2 - 1)
...... (3.2 - 2) > 3.2- 1
u = 1.05 (D + LR + E)
....... (3.2 - 7)
Dimana:
D
=Dead Load
= Live Load
= WindLoad
Lr
306
Seton Bertulang
Satu
Ujung menerus
Kedua
Ujung menerus
Kantileven
Pelat solid
Satu arah
1/20
V24
1128
VIO
Balok I pelat
Jalur satu arah
1116
1118.5
1/21
1/8
Komponen
Struktur
Dimana:
=[mm]
We
Baja
= 2300 kg/m3
=BJTD 40
le.
le
: - ( ~:)' r_ +'(I
Mer
=(frY,/~~ J
fr
= 0.7
Lampiran
ffc
-(~:)']le,
...........
(3.2 - 8)
.......... (3.2- 9)
:E
1+50r'
. .......... (3.4 - 3)
F'c
= Mpa
= 2 (1 + Nu ) ( ffc I 6) bw. d
14A8
............ (3.4- 4)
3) Untuk komponen struktur yang dibebani oleh gaya tarik axsial yang
cukup besar, tul angan geser harus direncanakan untuk memikul gesek
total yang terjadi .
$ (1/24
ffc
L X y)
(ffcJ
-
6-
b d
w
- Ji(2.5 c, V,,T,, J
308
............ (3.4- 5)
Beton Bertulang
= 0.5 'V~
c s.d 0.6 'V~
c beton berbalok biasa} sek't1 ar
1 (;
1 (;
fct
= 0.4
JTc
JTc Mpa
= 0.043 (/)
10 - 5% fc
s.d. 0.5
l.Sffc
} Take the
smaller
We (kg/m3) ACl 318 - 83 M
value
Es
ASTM A416
Faktor reduksi
Lentur dengan atau tanpa tarik aksial
Tarik axial
0.9
0.9
0.85
0.7
0.7
0.65
Kombinasi pembebanan
U = 1.4 D + 1.7 L
ACI 9.2.1
D =dead load
L = live load
U = 0.9 D + 1.3 W
U = 1.4 D + 1.7 L + I .7 H
W = wind load
H =soil pressure load
Lampiran
o9
=setlemant, crep,
skrinkage, or
temperature load
Toleransi tebal selimut beton ( untuk unsur lentur, dinding dan unsur
tekan)
d
200 mm
toleransi 10 mm }
d =tinggi efektif
d>200mm
toleransi 12 mm
Lebar retak
fy
11
' ,..-;--;= -Pfs~
dc.A
Dimana:
= 1.2 balok
( Berdasarkan SKSNI T - 15- 1991 - 03
} menetapkan p = 1.2)
fs
= 1.35 lantai
= tegangan pada tulangan atau 60 % fy
de
= 2 . de . S
pelat
2 dcb
= -n
balok
b =lebar balok
n =jumlah batas tulangan perlebar balok
310
Beton Bertulang
pbalance
ACI 10.5.1
= 0.85j'c
fy
p(
I
600
600+ fy
p max = 0.75 pb
dimana:
fy, f'c MPA
~ ~ = 0.85
= 0.85 - 0.05
f'c ~ 30 Mpa
1000
= 0.073 fy. Db
=300mm
=Ld = 0 24 fy db
ffc
fy > 400 Mpa lap
Ld ~ 0.044 fy . db ~ 300 mm
Lampiran
}j"
31 1
NB:
);;>
lap = Ld
As tersetlia
ha! gabungan 3 batang
kelas B
lap= 1.3 Ld
As
per/11
>0.5 kelas A
lap= 1.3 Ld
kclas B
lap= 1.7 Ld
As tendit
- ;;::: 300 cm
NB:
Hubungan lap. Untuk tulangan ;;::: # 11 tak dapat digunakan, jadi tulangan
#1 1 tidak boleh disambung dengan lap. Splice bila beket:ja didalarn daerah
tarik (harus dengan ]as)
Daktilitas 3 (daktili tas penuh)
312
Beton Bertulang
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTION MANUAL OF CONCRETE,
1986. PART ffi, Detroit, Michigan 48219, ISSN 0065-7875, Editolial
Production: Yona D Khan.
BOWLES J. E, 1979, Analysis of Foundation and Design, McGraw - Hill
Inc. , New York I 0022.
DEPARTEMAN PEKERJAAN UMUM, 1987, Petunjuk Perencanaan Beton
Bertulang dan Struktur Dinding Bertulang untuk Rumah dan Gedung, SKB T2.33.53. 1987/ UDC: 693.55.693.25, Yayasan Penerbit PU.
DEPARTEl'vfEN PEKERJAAN UMUM, 1991 , Cetakan Pe1tama, STANDAR
SK SNI-T 15-1991-13, Tata Cara Perhitungan Struktur Beton untuk Bangunan
Gedung, Yayasan Lembaga Penyelidikan Masalah Bangunan.
NA YAK N. V., J 982, Foundation Design Manual, Dhan Pat Rai & Sons,
Nai Saraks, Delhi.
RAO, K.L, 1961 , Calculation, Design and Testing of Reinforced Concrete,
Published Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd, Parker Street, Kingsway, London,
W.C.2
WANG at al , 1979, Reinforced Concrete Design, Third Edition, Harper &
Row Publisher, New York and etc.
WANG at al, 1979, Solutions Manual to accompany Reinforced Concrete
Design, Third Edition, Thomas T. CroweJJ Company, Harper & Row
Publishers, New York and etc.
Daftar Pustaka
3 13
Catatan
314
Seton Bertulang
Buku Beton Bertulang ini adalah mengacu kepada ketentuan-ketentuan atau standar beton bertulang
Indonesia, SK SNI-1991-03 dan Peraturan Seton tahun '89 Indonesia; American Concrete Institution, ACI
Code '83 dan peraturanperaturan lain yang berkaitan. Buku ini mengandung soalsoal dan penyelesaian
dengan bermacam-macam jenis persoalan termasuk soal memeriksa penampang dan merencana
penampang termasuk luas tulangan yang perlu dari berbagai struktur seperti balok, kolom, dan fundasi
tapak termask struktur korbel, yang secara mendetail mengemukakan analisis perhitungan pemeriksaan
dan perhitungan perencanaan, juga perencanaan tulangan geser untuk balok dan kolom .. Perhitungan
pemeriksaan dan perencanaan adalah berlandaskan teori " Strenght Method" dan sebagian berdasarkan
metoda elastis khususnya perhitungan pemeriksaan dan perencanaan balok. Contoh -contoh soal diambil
dari pengalaman mengajar selama 22 tahun dan pengalaman praktis lapangan selama 15 tahun. Beberapa
contoh soal juga diambil dari buku "Solutions manual to accompany Reinforced Concrete Design, Third
Edition by Wang at al" secara "direct quoted". Buku ini dimaksudkan agar mahasiswa atau perencana
pemula dapat memahami persoalan-persoalan yang timbul mulai dari masalah sederhana sampai yang
rumit dilapangan serta membuat solusi sec:ara mendasar. Buku ini disusun agar para pembacanya dapat
memahami masalah-masalah lapangan yang se ring dijumpai di lapangan.
Tujuan buku ini adalah agar para pembacanya dapat menjadi perencana/ pengawas yang kritis dan tangguh
di kantor ataupun dHapangan serta bagi perencana atau pengawas bekerja dengan orang asing. Dalam buku
Soalan dan Penvelesaian Beton Bertulang Jilid 11. penvelesaian soal-soal dilakukan dengan memakaj
bantuan "Software STAAD Pro- STAAD 31 ISOS" , yang sedang dalam tahap penyusunan sehingga untuk
st ruktur yang rumitpun dapat diselesaikan mekanika teknik yaitu dengan prinsip teori / metode analisis
matriks ataupun analisis struktur dengan metode elemen hingga.
Tentang Penulis
J . Thambah Semblr1ng Gurukinayan, dilahirkan tanggal 8 Juli 1952 di Brastagi, Kabupaten Karo,
Sumatera Utara. Pendidtkan Dasar (Sekolah Rakyat) di Guruklnayan, Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri
Kabanj ahe, Sekotah Menengah Atas Negeri I Medan, Masuk Jurusan Teknik Sipil ITB 1972 dan tutus Sarjana
Teknlk Slpil lnstitut Teknologl
Bandung 1977, " MSc " Program of "Highway Engineering and
Development", Pasca Sarjana ITB 1986 in Collaboration with University College London, Doctorate
Program in Management Information System, UKN Idaho Universisty, California, 1995, Program Siswajah
USM Malaysia 2001. Tahun 1980 sekarang, sebagai dosen tetap Kopertis Wit. IV dpk Sekolah Tinggl
Teknologi Mandata Bandung untuk mata kuliah struktur beton dan sistem transportasl, dengan jabatan
fungsional tahun 2002 adalah Lektor Keoala dan Pangkat Pembina Utama Tkt I. 1990-1996 sebagai ~
oengujj ujian negara rnata uji struktur beton bertulang bersama-sama dengan Prof. DR. Amrinsyah
Nasutlon, fr. , MSCE; Nasmen Gafar, fr. DEA (Alm); Prof. Dr. Suhut, lr. pada Kopertis Wil iV. Jawa Barat. Tahun
1989-1993, dosen met oda elemen hingga dan struktur beton bertulang [mantan btnaan mata kuliah Prof.
Dr. Rooseno, lr (Alm) bapak beton bertulang Indonesia] dan koordinator pembimbing skripsi Peminatan
Transportasi di tnstitut Teknologi Sains Jakarta .
Tahun 1996-2000 sebagaf tenaga ahlilexpert pada PT. Chiyoda International Indonesia untuk menangani
proyekproyeknya sepertl LNG Arun Aceh, LNG Bontang Train F, Bangunan Pabrik head cylinder Mobil Kijang
DieselAstra Joint Operation Pondok Ungu Bekasi, Bangunan Perluasan lndustri PolyVynil Tangerang.
Improvement of Bridge In Switzerttand. Tahun 1987-1989 sebagai Proyek Manager " Paiton Steam Power
Plant 11, CiVil Works Jawa Timur. Tahun 19992000 dosen pada University College Legenda Langkawi in
collaboration with Unlversltl Teknologi Malaysia UTM untuk mata kuliah Construction Management and
Computer Science. Agustus 2001 dlangkat menjadi dekan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Langlan11buana
Bandun11. Kenggotaan profesionat: "Membership of International Association of Bridge and Structural
Engineering (IABSE) ~ Switszerland; anggota Himpunan Ahll Konstruksi Indonesia (HAKI); anggota
HimpunanAhli Pengembangan Jalan Indonesia (HAPJI); anggota Persatuan lnsmyur lndones1a' (PII) dan sebagai
"assesor" pada tim "assesor" Pll bidang teknik. Anugerah tanda penghargaan Certif icate CMA 2002 Cftra
Ekskutif dan Profesionallndonesia 2002.