Outline
A. Latar Belakang
B. Apakah Beras Layak sebagai Kendaraan Fortifikasi di
Indonesia?
C. Beberapa Pilihan Teknologi Fortifikasi Beras
D. Beberapa Pilihan Zat Gizi dalam Fortifikasi Beras
E. Estimasi Biaya fortifikasi beras dengan teknologi fortifikasi
yang berbeda
F. Model Pelaksanaan Fortifikasi Beras di Berbagai Negara
G. Berbagai bukti dampak fortifikasi dari berbagai negara
H. Bagaimana fortifikasi beras dilaksanakan di Indonesia
A. Latar Belakang
Fortifikasi beras dapat
menjadi strategi yang
prospektif dalam Mengatasi
Masalah Kekurangan Gizi
Mikro
Diversifikasi
Pangan
Tepung terigu
BB kurang
Supplementasi
Gizi Kurang
Masalah gizi
garam
Pendek
Beras
Kurus
Taburia
Defisiensi
Gizi Mikro
Fortifikasi
Minyak
gorang
Bio-fortifikasi
Bumbu
masak
Kegemukan
Gizi Lebih
Penyakit tidak
Menular
lainnya
2009
kg/or/tahun
Growth
rate
(%)
Kota
92.4
(1.0)
Desa
295.4 289.1 293.7 278.1 274.4 107.8 105.5 107.2 101.5 100.2
(1.8)
Rerata
(1.4)
96.2
93.4 96.2
99.7 101.7
91.7
96.6
96.3
Milled Rice
100
90
% Whole Rice
80
70
56
60
50
44
42
42
Vit B2
Niacin
Folate
40
30
20
14
10
0
Vit B1
Bagriansky 2007
Iron
UL
4
3
2
1
0
Appearance
Color
Texture
Fortified rice
Odor
Taste
Non-fortified rice
Overall
Aceh
Sumut
Sumbar
Sumsel
Lampung
Jabar
Jateng
Jatim
Banten
NTB
Kalbar
Kalsel
Sulsel
Prp.Utama
Prop Lain
Indonesia
Pengertian
Fortifikan
Premix
Fortified kernels
Beras fortifikasi
Rice
paddy
Polished
rice
Whole/
broken rice
grains
Fortified
kernels
Mixed at
0.5%-2%
ratio
Fortified
rice
Sedimentation risk
Frequently done in USA
C. Beberapa Pilihan
teknologi(lanjutan)
Coating
Nutrients are added in coating
layer on the rice surface
Several coating technologies;
different performance of FK
Some rinse-resistant; some not
C. Beberapa Pilihan
Teknologi(lanjutan)
Extrusion
1. Broken rice grains can be used as starting material
2. Micronutrients are equally distributed inside the
fortified kernel
3. Only few particles are on the surface, thus reducing
exposure to environment and nutrient degradation
4. Color impact from micronutrients depends on nutrient
formulation
DSM research
Extrusion technologies
Temperature influences appearance and cooking characteristics
of final fortified kernels
Cold extrusion uses a pasta press at 30 50C
Warm extrusion includes a preconditioner and uses a
pasta press or extruder (single or double) at 60 80C
Hot extrusion includes a preconditioner and uses a
extruder (single or double) at 80 110C
DSM research
Photo: Bhler Group hot extrusion
equipment
DSM research
16
nd
er
er
120
100
Excess + soaking
80
er
60
er
40
er
20
Excess
Boiling
Boiling + washing
Frying
0
Zinc
Iron
Vit. A
Vit. B12
Folic acid
In fortified rice made through coating and extrusion technologies, there is good
retention of most nutrients (except Vitamin A) over a wide variety of washing and
cooking methods
Wieringa 2014
coumpound
< 75 g/hr
75-149 g/hr
15-300 g/hr
>300 g/hr
EAR
besi
MF-PP
12
12
Asam
Folat
Asam folat
0,50
0,26
0,13
0,10
0,192
Vit.B12
Cyanocobalamin
0,004
0,002
0,001
0,0008
0,002
Vit.A
Vit.A palmitat
0,59
0,3
0,15
0,1
0,357 (p)
0,429 (l)
Seng
Zink Oxide
9,5
8,2 (p)
11,7 (l)
Thiamin
Thiamin
mononitrate
2,0
1,0
0,5
0,35
0,9 (p)
1,0 (l)
Niacin
Niacin Amide
26
13
11 (p)
12 (l)
Vit.B12
Pyridoxine
Hydrochloride
2,4
1,2
0,6
0,4
1,1
Description
The artificial and fortified kernels of hot extrusion was similar with
natural grains (transparency, sheen, consistency, and flavor)
The fortified kernels of cold extrusion are opaque and slightly offcolor
Coated kernels often have a distinctive color, smell, and taste that
are objectionable to some consumers
Dusted kernels loose the micronutrient-premix on their surface with
rinsing and washing (unsuitable for developing country)
Costs
Harga beras
(US$/KG)
Teknologi
Estimate
harga
premix
(US$/KG)
Estimate
biaya
fortifikasi
(US$/TON)
Peningkatan
harga
eceran
beras (%)
China
0,5
Hot
Extrusion
2,00
15
2-4%
Philipina
0,55
Coating
2,00
10
1,8%
Costa Rica
0,63
Col
Extrusion
2,11
10,5
1,7%
India
0,52
Hot
Extrusion
1,50
14,7
1,5-2,5 %
Bangladesh
0,4
Hot
Extrusion
2,0
9 - 35
2,2- 8%
Micronutrient Content
Adde to Rice (mg/Kg)
Cost of Fortificant
In the Fortified Rice
(USD/MT) *)
B-1 (Thiamin)
5.0
0,17
Niacin
40.0
0,51
Folic Acid
1.0
0,24
B-12
0.01
0,46
Iron
65.0**)
3,08
Zinc
25.0
0,23
TOTAL
4,69
*) Estimated Price, based on 2007 international price (USAID, 2008), added with 10% of inflation rate during 2007-2009
**) The original formula was only 24 ppm
Voluntary
Bagimana?
Diselenggarakan
Pemerintah
Ketersediaan
Hanya beras yg
didistribusikan untuk JPS
Siapa yang
bayar/cost
Pemerintah/penggung jawab
program JPS
konsumen
Potensi dampak
Dimana
dilaksanakan
mulai
teknologi
Gizi mikro
Brazil
2008
Ekstrusi
Masy.umum,
anak sekolah,
dan
Penduduk
miskin
Bangladesh
2013
Ekstrusi
Anak
sekolah,
penduduk
miskin(bantu
an makan)
Kambodja
1012
Ekstrusi
Besi-Fe PP,
Seng,, VitA, B1,
B3, B6, B9, B12
Anak sekolah
mulai
teknologi
Gizi mikro
Sasaran
Colombia
2002
Ekstrusi,
coating
Besi-Fe PP,
seng, Vit.
B1,B9
Costa Rica
2001
Ekstrusi,
coating
Masyarakat
umum
Mesir
2010
Ekstrusi
Besi-Fe PP,
Seng, VitA,
B1, B3, B6,
B9, B12
Skla menengah,
program sektor
pemerintah
Anak
sekolah,
penduduk
miskin
India
2008
Ekstrusi
Besi-Fe PP
Skla menengah,
program sektor
pemerintah, pasar
komersial, pasar
disubsidi
Penduduk
miskin,
masyarakat
umum
mulai
teknolo
gi
Gizi mikro
Sasaran
Indonesia
2010
ekstrusi
Penduduk
miskin
coating
Besi, Fe-PP, B1
dan B3
Mandatori
Masyarakat
umum
Philipina
2000
Mandatori (tidak
terlaksanan baik)
Kelompok
rawan dan
masyarakat
umum
USA
1958
Dusting,
coating
Processors
(Millers)
Distributors
Blending
Fortified
kernel
producers
Fortificant
suppliers
Regulatory and
Program Environment
Input
suppliers
Consumers
Fortified rice
Rice farmers
Rice millers
Broken rice /
head rice*
Rice
blending
Fortified kernel
producers
Fortificant/
Fortificant mix
(premix)
Fortified
kernels
Micronutrient
producers &
suppliers
For extrusion technology broken rice can be
used to produce fortified kernels, with coating
technology head rice is required
*
Distribution
and sales
channels
Social
distribution
channels
Consumers
Paddy
rice
2012
2013
2014
17.488.007
15.530.897
15.530.897
15
15
15
Durasi (bulan)
14
15
12
3,67
3,49
2,79
5.698
6.151
6.730
7.298
7.751
8.330
1.600
1.600
1.600
20,9
21,49
18,8
Jumlah RTS-PM
32
Fortification Level
Iron
mg/kg or ppm
80
Zinc
Thiamin
30
6.4
Folic Acid
1.3
Vitamin B12
.01
Niacin
53
Compound
Source
Ferric
Pyrophosphate*
Zinc Oxide
Thiamin
Mononitrate
Folic Acid
WHO FF Guidelines
@ 150-300 g/dy
WHO FF Guidelines
@ 150-300 g/dy
US, Canada, Columbia, South Africa,
Bahrain, Saudi Arabia
OUTPUT
Rekomendasi Kebijakan
untuk Scaling up
Districts
RASKIN team
BULOG Warehouse
Distribution Point
(villages)
(sub-villages )
beneficiary
Beras Biasa
R
A
S
N
A
S
I
Terimakasih