UNIVE
80%
9% obat resep dokter
UGM
Ciba, 1954
Minggu 3-8
10.000 kasus
Diethylstilbestro
l
Tetracyclin
e
UGM
ACE inhibitor
malformasi
17
70
Trimester 2 Trimester 3
hari
UGM
Teratogenesis
disgenesis organ tubuh janin, baik secara
struktur maupun fungsi (misalnya fungsi
otak) (Moore, 1998).
Manifestasi
1.
2.
3.
4.
gangguan pertumbuhan,
kematian janin,
karsinogenesis, dan
malformasi (Schardein,
1993).
UGM
Teratogen
abnormalitas struktural atau fungsional pada janin
atau bayi (McElhatton, 2002).
Efek yang dapat terjadi:
(1) abnormalitas kromosom,
(2) terganggunya implantasi saat konsepsi,
(3) resorpsi atau aborsi pada awal pertumbuhan
embryo,
(4) malformasi struktural,
(5) (IUGR-intrauterine growth retardation),
(6) kematian janin,
(7) kerusakan fungsi pada neonatus (misalnya
ketulian),
(8) abnormalitas perilaku, dan
(9) retardasi mental (McElhatton, 2003).
UGM
Ileus
meconium
Carbama
zepin
Defek tuba
neuralis (spina
bifida)
Warfarin
Dandy-walker
syndrome
AINS
Cardiac defect
UGM
UGM
2. Fenitoin
3. Fenobarbital
4. Candesartan
5. Losartan
6. Valsartan
7. Warfarin
UGM
..
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Misoprostol
Ribavirin
Tretionin
Ribavirin
Finasteride
UGM
Antiflatulents (silicones)
Antigen preparations for desensitisation
Antihaemorrhagics: antifibrinolytics, fibrinogen,
blood coagulation factors
4. Certain anti-poisoning agents: potassium iodide
5. Topical antirheumatics
6. Antivenoms & antitoxins
7. Charcoal preparations
8. Diagnostic agents (urinalysis agents, etc.)
9. Digestives, including enzymes
10. Ear preparations for topical use
11. Enzymes (haematological), including fibrinolytics
12. Topical preparations for haemorrhoids,
13. Herbal medicines
Antibiotika
50-100%
Ampisilin
Kloramfenikol
Nitrofurantoin
Sulfonamida
Trimetoprim
Karbenisilin
Metisilin
Penisilin G
Tetrasi
30-50%
Sefamandol
Sefalotin
Klindamisin
Gentamisin
Kanamisin
Streptomisin
0-30%
Amikasin
Sefazolin
Dikloksasillin
Eritromisin
Nafsilin
Oksasilin
Tobram
OBAT
DIAGNOSIS
Tension
Headache
Migraine
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism
Nausea,
vomiting,
motion sickness
Peptic ulcer
disease
Pruritus
OBAT
Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen, codeine, dimenhydrin
Labetalol, methyldopa
Propylthiouracil, methimazole
Diclectin (doxylamine + pyridoxine)
Obat
Acetaminophen
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Ketoprofen
Naproxen
Kategori obat
(trimester)
I
II
III
B
D
B
B
B
B
D
B
B
B
B
D
D
D
D
Menembus
plasenta
Ya
Ya
Ya
Ya
Ya
UGM
difusi pasif
Compatible
Compatible
+ monitor ESO
Sebaiknya
hindari
ibuprofen, parasetamol,
allopurinol, prednisolon,
amoxicillin, ampicillin,
efedrin, chloroquine,
atropin, carbamazepine,
phenytoin
dimercaprol, diazepam
dosis berulang,
chloramphenicol,
ciprofloxacin, doxycycline
bromocriptine, ergonovine,
dan ethanol
< 30%
Kadar dalam
Antibiotika
ASI
mcg/ml
Kloramfenikol
16-25
Eritromisin
0,4-1,6
Isoniazid
6-12
Metronidazol
Tetrasiklin
0,5-2,6
Kotrimoksazol
Sefazolin
Kanamisin
Nalidixic acid
Oksasilin
Penisilin G
Streptomisin
1,5
18,4
4
0,2
0,01-0,04
0,3-1,3