1. Skenario
Ibu Vera berusia 39 tahun dengan usia kehamilan 7 bulan datang ke dokter dengan
keluhan benjolan di payudara kiri. Benjolan ini baru dirasakan 6 bulan terakhir semakin
bertambah besar dan kadang kadang disertai nyeri. Dari riwayat keluarga diketahui bahwa
ibunya meninggal dunia 5 tahun yang lalu akibat menderita tumor ganas indung telur stadium
IV. Kakaknya juga menderita kanker payudara yang dinyatakan sembuh setelah melakukan
operasi dan kemoterapi. Dokterpun mendiagnosis bahwa pasien menderita kanker payudara
dan menjelaskan bahwa penyakit ini ada hubungannya dengan riwayat keluarganya terutama
pada ibu dan kakaknya.
Dari pemeriksaan fisik didapati: benjolan pada mamae sinistra kuadran lateral atas
terdapat perubahan gambaran sebagian kulit seperti kulit jeruk, retraksi putting susu,
didapatkan benjolan teraba keras berukuran 3x4 cm, solid, terfiksir, dan tidak terbatas jelas
jaringan disekitarnya. Pada pemeriksaan aksila kiri teraba benjolan berdiameter 1 cm yang
tidak nyeri. Aksila kanan tidak terdapat kelainan setelah dilakukan beberapa pemeriksaan
penunjang. Keluarga pasien bertanya apakah penyakit yang di derita pasien akan berpengaruh
pada janin dan kehamilan serta dapat semnuh seperti sediakala?
2. Foreground Question:
a. Bagaimana prognosis pasien kanker payudara pada saat kehamilan dengan pasien kanker
payudara pada saat tidak kehamilan?
3. P.I.C.O
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcomes
REVIEW JURNAL
Pendahuluan
: Prognosis
We aimed to determine the prognosis of patients with breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy
(BCP). A comprehensive review from 1953 showed improved survival rates for patients with
breast cancer in association with pregnancy, from 0% 10-year survival before 1920 to 22.4% in
the period from 1941 to 1950. The survival rates were poorer than in the nonpregnant patients,
probably because of the advanced stage of disease and delay in treatment; prompt
commencement of treatment was necessary to improve survival rates.
Metoda
In this cohort study, a multicentric registry of patients with BCP (from Cancer in Pregnancy,
Leuven, Belgium, and GBG 29/BIG 02-03) compiled pro- and retrospectively between 2003 and
2011 was compared with patients who did not have associated pregnancies, using an age limit of
45 years. Patients with a diagnosis postpartum were excluded. The main analysis was performed
using Cox proportional hazards regression of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival
(OS) on exposure (pregnant or not), adjusting for age, stage, grade, hormone receptor status,
human epidermal growth factor 2 status, histology, type of chemotherapy, use of trastuzumab,
radiotherapy, and hormone therapy.
Hasil
The registry contained 447 women with BCP, mainly originating from Germany and Belgium, of
whom 311 (69.6%) were eligible for analysis. The nonpregnant group consisted of 865 women.
Median age was 33 years for the pregnant and 41 years for the nonpregnant patients. Median
follow-up was 61 months. The hazard ratio of pregnancy was 1.34 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.91; P = .
14) for DFS and 1.19 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.93; P = .51) for OS. Cox regression estimated that the
5-year DFS rate for pregnant patients would have increased from 65% to 71% if these patients
had not been pregnant. Likewise, the 5-year OS rate would have increased from 78% to 81%.
Kesimpulan
The results show similar OS for patients diagnosed with BCP compared with non-pregnant
patients. This information is important when patients are counseled and supports the option to
start treatment with continuation of pregnancy.
1. Apakah terdapat sampel yang representatif, terdefinisi jelas, dan berada pada kondisi yang
sama dalam perjalanan penyakitnya?
B. Petunjuk Sekunder
1. Apakah kriteria outcome yang digunakan obyektif dan tanpa bias?
2. Bila ditemukan subgrup dengan prognosis yang beda, apakah dilakukan adjustment untuk
faktor-faktor prognostik yang penting?
APA HASILNYA?
1.