Kategori utama akun ketiga dalam siklus akuisisi dan pembayaran adalah kewajiban akrual
(accrued liabilities), yang merupakan estimasi kewajiban yang belum dibayar atas jasa dan manfaat yang
telah diterima sebelum tanggal neraca.
AUDIT KEWAJIBAN AKRUALAkun utama dalam kewajiban akrual adalah siklus akuisisi dan
pembayaran. Dan kewajibanakrual adalah estimasi kewajiaban yang belum dibayar atas jasa dan
manfaat yang telah diterimasebelum tanggal neraca. Kewajiban serupa lainnya adalah sebagai
berikut:1 . G a j i a k r u a l 2.Pajak gaji akrual3.Bonus pejabat
akrual4.Kom i s i a k r u a l 5.Fee professional akrual6 . S e w a
a k r u a l 7 . B u n g a a k r u a l Jenis akrual tentang pajak gaji akrual, melibatkan
estimasi dimana jumlah kewajiban jatuhtempo tidak pasti. Karen a kemungkinan yang
masuk akal bahwa jumlah yang dilaporkan pada SPT pajak akan berubah setelah internal
revenue service mengaudit SPT tersebut.Verifikasi beban akrual bervariasi tergantung
pada sifat akrual dan situasi yang dihadapi klien. Untuk sebagian audit akrual tidak
memerlukan waktu yang panjang. Contoh, seperti pajak penghasilan akrual, biaya garansi, dan
biaya pensiun, biasanya bersifat material dan memerlukanwaktu yang panjang.MENGAUDIT
PAJAK PROPERTI AKRUALSejenis dengan beban asuransi, beban pajak property merupakan
jumlah residu yang berasaldari saldo awal dan akhir pajak property akrual serta
pembayaran pajak property. Akibatnya p e n e k a n a n d a l a m p e n g u j i a n h a r u s
d i b e r i k a n p a d a k e w a j i b a n p a j a k p r o p e r t y a k h i r f a n p e m b a ya r a n . S a a t
a u d i t o r a k a n m e m v e r i f i k a s i p a j a k p r o p e r t y, k e d e l a p a n t u j u a n a u d i t
ya n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n s a l d o k e c u a l i n i l a i r e a l i s a s i b e r s i f a t r e l e v a n . A d a
d u a ya n g l e b i h p e n t i n g adalah:a.Properti yang ada pada skedul akrual sudah tepat
untuk mengakrualkan pajak
1. Existing properties for which accrual of taxes is appropriate are on the accrual
schedule. The failure to include properties for which taxes should be accrued
will understate the property tax liability (completeness). A material misstate -
ment can occur, for example, if taxes on property were not paid before the
balance sheet date and not included as accrued property taxes.
2. Accrued property taxes are accurately recorded. The auditors concern is the
consistent treatment of the accrual from year to year (accuracy).
The auditor uses two primary tests for the inclusion of all accruals. Auditors
verify the accruals at the same time as the audit of current year property tax
payments. In most audits, there are few property tax payments, but each payment is
often material, and therefore it is common to verify each one. Auditors also compare
the accruals with those of previous years.
The auditor often begins by obtaining a schedule of property tax payments
from the client and comparing each payment with the preceding years schedule to
determine whether all payments have been included in the client-prepared schedule.
The fixed asset audit schedules also must be examined for major additions and
disposals of assets that may affect the property taxes accrual. All property affected
by local property tax regulations should be included in the schedule, even if the first
tax payment has not yet been made.
After auditors are satisfied that all taxable property has been included in the
client-prepared schedule, they evaluate the reasonableness of property taxes on
each property used by the client to estimate the accrual. In some instances, the total
has already been set by the taxing authority and sent to the client so it is possible to
verify the amount by comparing the amount on the schedule with the tax bill. In other
cases, the preceding years total payments must be adjusted for the expected
increase in property tax rates.
The auditor can verify the accrued property tax by recalculating the portion of
the total tax applicable to the current year for each piece of property. The most
important consideration is to use the same portion of each tax payment for the
accrual that was used in the preceding year, unless there are justifiable conditions
for a change. After the accrual and property tax expense for each piece of property
have been recalculated, the totals should be added and compared with the general
ledger. In many cases, property taxes are charged to more than one expense
account. In that case, the auditor should test for correct classification by evaluating
whether the correct amount was charged to each account