LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN RESMI
ANALISA INTI BATUAN

Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Praktikum Analisa Inti Batuan

Tahun Akademik 2015/2016
Program Studi S1. Teknik Perminyakan
Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Balikpapan

Disusun Oleh,

Nama : Andri Rahmat Wijaya

NIM : 1401151
Kelompok : 2 (T.P Reguler B)
Dengan Hasil Penilaian :

Balikpapan, November 2015

Disetujui Oleh,

Dosen Pembimbing Praktikum Asisten Praktikum

Karmila, ST. MT Afriza Andreas Atmaja

ii
 LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM
ANALISA INTI BATUAN

NAMA : Andri Rahmat Wijaya

NIM : 1401151
JURUSAN : S1. TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN
KELOMPOK : II (Dua)

No. Tanggal Keterangan Paraf

1. Materi acara 1 dan acara 2

2. Pembahasan acc
3. Pembahasan modul
1. 04 November 2015

1. Materi acara 1, acara 2, acara

3, acara 4, acara 5 dan acara
6
2. 11 November 2015
2. Pembahasan acc
3. Pembahasan laporan

1. Pembahasan laporan :
- Ukuran gambar
- Pembahasan dan
3. 26 November 2015 kesimpulan di page break
- Sub bab diperbaiki

iii
 KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji dan syukur tercurah atas segala nikmat yang telah dilimpahkan
oleh pemilik ilmu yang maha luas Allah SWT kepada penulis sehingga dapat
menyelesaikan Laporan Resmi Praktikum Analisa Inti Batuan, sebagai
persyaratan untuk memenuhi kurikulum Tahun Akademik 2013 / 2014 dalam
menyelesaikan Mata Kuliah Mekanika Reservoir di Jurusan S1 Teknik
Perminyakan, STT Migas Balikpapan.
Begitu banyak rasa terimakasih yang ingin penulis sampaikan kepada semua
pihak yang telah berperan dan membantu penulis dalam penyelesain laporan ini,
terutama kepada :
1. Bapak Lukman ST. MT selaku Ketua STT Migas Balikpapan
2. Karmila, ST selaku dosen mata kuliah mekanika reservoir.
3. Asisten Praktikum Analisa Inti Batuan kelompok 2 Afriza Andreas
Atmaja yang telah meluangkan banyak waktunya dan memberikan
banyak masukkan/kritik yang membangun.
4. Kedua orang tua saya tercinta yang selalu memberikan doa dan
dukungan.
5. Rekan-rekan kelompok 2 Praktikum Analisa Inti Batuan atas
kerjasamanya.
Selanjutnya penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang konstruktif kreatif
demi kesempurnaan di dalam berbagai aspek dari laporan ini. Penulis juga
memohon maaf yang sedalam-dalamnya atas kesalahan-kesalahan yang mungkin
saja masih terdapat dalam laporan ini. Semoga laporan ini bermanfaat bagi semua
rekan-rekan yang membacanya.

Balikpapan, November 2015

Penyusun

iv
 DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................ i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. ii
LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM .......................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xii
DAFTAR GRAFIK .......................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................... 1

1.1. Pengertian Analisa Inti Batuan ............................................... 1
1.2. Analisa Batuan Reservoir......................................................... 2
1.3. Karakteristrik Batuan Reservoir .............................................. 3
1.4. Sifat-sifat Fisik Batuan ............................................................ 11

BAB II PENGUKURAN POROSITAS ..................................................... 13

2.1. Tujuan Percobaan ................................................................... 13
2.2. Teori Dasar ............................................................................. 13
2.2.1. Pengertian Porositas ...................................................... 13
2.2.2. Klasifikasi Porositas ...................................................... 15
2.3. Peralatan Dan Bahan ............................................................... 23
2.3.1. Peralatan ........................................................................ 23
2.3.2. Bahan ............................................................................ 25
2.4. Waktu dan Tempat Praktikum ................................................ 26
2.5. Prosedur Percobaan ................................................................. 26
2.5.1. Metode Pengukuran Dengan Cara Menimbang ........... 26

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 2.5.2. Mercury Injection Pump .............................................. 27
2.6. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan ................................................ 29
2.6.1. Penentuan porositas Menimbang ................................... 29
2.6.2. Mercury Injection Pump ............................................... 30
2.7. Pembahasan ............................................................................. 32
2.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................. 34

BAB III PENGUKURAN SATURASI FLUIDA ....................................... 35

3.1. Tujuan Percobaan .................................................................... 35
3.2. Teori Dasar .............................................................................. 35
3.3. Peralatan Dan Bahan ............................................................... 40
3.3.1. Peralatan ........................................................................ 40
3.3.2. Bahan ............................................................................ 44
3.4. Waktu dan Tempat Praktikum ................................................ 45
3.5. Prosedur Percobaan ................................................................. 46
3.6. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan ................................................ 47
3.6.1. Hasil Analisa ................................................................ 47
3.6.2. Perhitungan .................................................................. 47
3.7. Pembahasan ............................................................................. 48
3.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................. 50

BAB IV PENGUKURAN PERMEABILITAS .......................................... 51

4.1. Tujuan Percobaan .................................................................... 51
4.2. Teori Dasar .............................................................................. 51
4.3. Peralatan Dan Bahan ............................................................... 57
4.3.1. Peralatan ........................................................................ 57
4.3.2. Bahan ............................................................................ 61
4.4. Waktu dan Tempat Praktikum ................................................ 62
4.5. Prosedur Percobaan ................................................................. 62
4.5.1. Prosedur Gas Permeameter .......................................... 62
4.6. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan ................................................ 63

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 4.6.1. Hasil Analisa ................................................................ 63
4.6.2. Perhitungan .................................................................. 65
4.7. Pembahasan ............................................................................. 67
4.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................. 70

BAB V SIEVE ANALYSIS ........................................................................ 71

5.1. Tujuan Percobaan .................................................................. 71
5.2. Teori Dasar ............................................................................ 71
5.3. Peralatan Dan Bahan ............................................................. 80
5.3.1. Peralatan ....................................................................... 80
5.3.2. Bahan .......................................................................... 82
5.4. Waktu dan Tempat Praktikum ............................................... 82
5.5. Prosedur Percobaan ............................................................... 82
5.6. Hasil Analisa Dan Perhitungan ............................................. 84
5.6.1. Hasil Analisa .............................................................. 84
5.6.2. Perhitungan ................................................................. 85
5.7. Pembahasan ........................................................................... 88
5.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 90

BAB VI PENENTUAN KADAR LARUT SAMPEL FORMASI DALAM

LARUTAN ASAM ........................................................................ 91
6.1. Tujuan Percobaan .................................................................. 91
6.2. Teori Dasar ............................................................................ 91
6.3. Peralatan Dan Bahan ............................................................. 95
6.3.1. Peralatan ....................................................................... 95
6.3.2. Bahan .......................................................................... 98
6.4. Waktu dan Tempat Praktikum ............................................... 100
6.5. Prosedur Percobaan ............................................................... 100
6.6. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan .............................................. 101
6.7. Pembahasan ........................................................................... 102
6.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 103

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BAB VII PENENTUAN TEKANAN KAPILER PADA SAMPEL BATUAN
RESERVOIR .................................................................................. 104
7.1. Tujuan Percobaan .................................................................. 104
7.2. Teori Dasar ............................................................................ 104
7.3. Peralatan Dan Bahan ............................................................. 110
7.3.1. Peralatan ....................................................................... 110
7.3.2. Bahan .......................................................................... 118
7.4. Waktu dan Tempat Praktikum ............................................... 119
7.5. Prosedur Percobaan ............................................................... 119
7.5.1. Kalibrasi Alat .............................................................. 119
7.5.2. Prosedur Untuk Menentukan Tekanan Kapiler .......... 121
7.6. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan .............................................. 122
7.6.1. Hasil Analisa .............................................................. 122
7.6.2. Perhitungan ................................................................. 124
7.7. Pembahasan ........................................................................... 133
7.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 137

BAB VIII PEMBAHASAN UMUM ................................................................ 138

BAB IX KESIMPULAN UMUM ................................................................ 144

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1. Core .......................................................................................... 3

Gambar 1.2. Source Rock (Batuan Induk) .................................................... 4
Gambar 1.3. Reservoir Rock ......................................................................... 4
Gambar 1.4. Trap Struktural ......................................................................... 5
Gambar 1.5. Trap Stratigrafi ........................................................................ 6
Gambar 1.6. Trap Kombinasi Fault Anticline .............................................. 7
Gambar 1.7. Trap Kombinasi Piercement Dome ......................................... 7
Gambar 1.8. Cap Rock atau Seal Rock ......................................................... 8
Gambar 1.9. Jalur Migrasi ............................................................................ 8
Gambar 1.10. Petroleum System Process ....................................................... 9
Gambar 2.1. Pengaruh Susunan Butir Terhadap Porositas ........................... 14
Gambar 2.2. Distribusi Kumulatif Ukuran Butir (Graywacke) .................... 15
Gambar 2.3. Perbandingan Porositas ............................................................ 18
Gambar 2.4. Bentuk Butiran Batuan ............................................................. 20
Gambar 2.5. Timbangan Digital .................................................................... 23
Gambar 2.6. Vacum Pump dan Vacum Desikator ......................................... 23
Gambar 2.7. Beaker Glass Ceper ................................................................. 24
Gambar 2.8. Rangkaian Alat Porometer ........................................................ 24
Gambar 2.9. Core .......................................................................................... 25
Gambar 2.10. Kerosin ..................................................................................... 25
Gambar 3.1. Saturasi Fluida Pada Batuan .................................................... 36
Gambar 3.2. Variasi Pc Terhadap Sw ........................................................... 37
Gambar 3.3. Distribusi Saturasi Mula-mula ................................................. 38
Gambar 3.4. Skema Stark Dean Destilation Apparatur ................................ 40
Gambar 3.5. Retort ........................................................................................ 41
Gambar 3.6. Solvent Extractor ..................................................................... 41
Gambar 3.7. Timbangan Analisis ................................................................. 42

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Gambar 3.8. Gelas Ukur ............................................................................... 42
Gambar 3.9. Exicator .................................................................................... 43
Gambar 3.10. Oven ......................................................................................... 43
Gambar 3.11. Fresh Core ............................................................................... 44
Gambar 3.12. Air ............................................................................................ 44
Gambar 3.13. Minyak ..................................................................................... 45
Gambar 3.14. Toluene ..................................................................................... 45
Gambar 4.1. Model Permeabilitas ................................................................ 52
Gambar 4.2. Hubungan Ukuran Butiran dengan Permeabilitas .................... 54
Gambar 4.3. Diagram Percobaan Permeabilitas ............................................ 54
Gambar 4.4. Core Holder ............................................................................. 58
Gambar 4.5. Triple Range FLowmeter ......................................................... 58
Gambar 4.6. Pressure Gauge ........................................................................ 59
Gambar 4.7. Gas Inlet ................................................................................... 59
Gambar 4.8. Gas Outlet ................................................................................ 60
Gambar 4.9. Rangkaian Gas Permeameter ................................................... 60
Gambar 4.10. Fresh core ................................................................................ 61
Gambar 4.11. Gas ........................................................................................... 61
Gambar 5.1. Electric Sieve Shacker .............................................................. 72
Gambar 5.2. Ayakan dengan Gerakan Melempar ......................................... 73
Gambar 5.3. Ayakan dengan Gerakan Horizontal ........................................ 74
Gambar 5.4. Gravel Packing ........................................................................ 76
Gambar 5.5. Sieve Analysis ........................................................................... 79
Gambar 5.6. Torison Balance ....................................................................... 80
Gambar 5.7. Mortal dan Pastle ..................................................................... 81
Gambar 5.8. Tyler Sieve ASTM ..................................................................... 81
Gambar 5.9. Batuan Reservoir ...................................................................... 82
Gambar 6.1. Mortal dan Pastle ..................................................................... 95
Gambar 6.2. Oven ......................................................................................... 96
Gambar 6.3. Erlenmeyer ............................................................................... 96
Gambar 6.4. Soxhelet Aparatus .................................................................... 97

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Gambar 6.5. Kertas Saring ............................................................................ 97
Gambar 6.6. ASTM 100 Mesh ...................................................................... 98
Gambar 6.7. Core .......................................................................................... 98
Gambar 6.8. HCI atau Mud Acid ................................................................. 99
Gambar 6.9. Larutan Indicator Methyl Orange ........................................... 99
Gambar 7.1. Hubungan Antara Tekanan Kapiler dan Saturasi ..................... 107
Gambar 7.2. Tekanan Kapiler di dalam Tabung ........................................... 108
Gambar 7.3. Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure Aparatus ..................... 111
Gambar 7.4. Pump Cylinder ......................................................................... 111
Gambar 7.5. Measuring Screw ..................................................................... 112
Gambar 7.6. Make Up. Nut ........................................................................... 112
Gambar 7.7. Picnometer Lid ......................................................................... 113
Gambar 7.8. Sample Holder ......................................................................... 113
Gambar 7.9. Pump Scale ............................................................................... 114
Gambar 7.10. Micrometer Dial ....................................................................... 114
Gambar 7.11. Vacuum Gauge ......................................................................... 115
Gambar 7.12. Pressure Control ...................................................................... 115
Gambar 7.13. Pressure Relief Valve ............................................................... 116
Gambar 7.14. Pump Plunger .......................................................................... 116
Gambar 7.15. Pressure Hoss .......................................................................... 117
Gambar 7.16. Travelling Yoke ........................................................................ 117
Gambar 7.17. Fresh Core ...............................................................................118
Gambar 7.18. Gas ........................................................................................... 118

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Ukuran Porositas dan Kualitas ........................................................ 22

Tabel 4.1. Klasifikasi Permeabilitas ................................................................. 53
Tabel 4.2. Hasil perhitungan permeabilitas masing-masing tekanan .............. 67
Tabel 5.1. Hasil Perhitungan Sieve Analysis .................................................... 84
Tabel 5.2. Opening Diameter dan % Berat Kumulatif ..................................... 87
Tabel 7.1. Hasil Perhitungan Tekanan Kapiler ................................................ 122
Tabel 7.2. Pressure dan Volume ....................................................................... 123

xii
 DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 2.1. Skewness vs % porositas .................................................................. 22

Grafik 4.1. Permeabilitas Efektif untuk system minyak air ............................ 56
Grafik 4.2. Grafik hubungan Permeabilitas (k) dan 1/∆p ................................ 68
Grafik 5.1. Opening Diamater Vs % Berat Kumulatif .................................... 89
Grafik 7.1. Volume Vs Pressure ..................................................................... 134
Grafik 7.2. Mercury Saturation Vs Correct Pressure ..................................... 135

xiii
 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

TUGAS PENDAHULUAN

ACARA I PENGUKURAN POROSITAS EFEKTIF

ACARA II PENGUKURAN SATURASI DENGAN METODE

DESTILASI

ACARA III PENGUKURAN PERMEABILITAS ABSOLUT

ACARA IV SIEVE ANALYSIS

ACARA V PENGUKURAN KADAR LARUT SAMPLE FORMASI

DALAM LARUTAN ASAM

ACARA VI PENGUKURAN TEKANAN KAPILER PADA SAMPLE

BATUAN RESERVOIR

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