Abstrak Ahmad Ainurofiq 2018
Abstrak Ahmad Ainurofiq 2018
Oleh
Ahmad Ainurofiq
NIM: 30715011
(Program Studi Doktor Farmasi)
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pengujian sifat fisikokimia yang meliputi kelarutan, dan laju disolusi. Pengujian
sifat fisikomekanik kristal multikomponen meliputi pengujian tabletabilitas
(tensile strength), pengujian flowabilitas dan kompresibilitas (indeks Carr dan
rasio Hausner), pengujian elastisitas (elastic recovery), dan penentuan bidang
luncur (slip plane). Penelitian ini juga melakukan pembuatan ko-amorf dari DES
dan asam benzoat (BA) dengan metode melt-quenching dan dikarakterisasi
menggunakan DSC, FT-IR, PXRD, dan mikroskop polarisasi. Profil disolusi,
kelarutan, dan stabilitas fisik ko-amorf DES-BA ditentukan. Penelitian lebih
lanjut, mengevaluasi DES dan kristal multikomponen dari pengaruh pelarut,
penggilingan, pemanasan, maupun tekanan kompresi terhadap sifat fisikokimia
yang dikarakterisasi dengan PXRD, FTIR, DSC, SEM, dan pengujian kelarutan.
Hasil pemeriksaan bahan baku DES menunjukkan polimorf bentuk I berdasarkan
hasil konfirmasi FTIR, XRD, dan DSC. Pengujian DES dengan koformer hanya
muncul satu koformer yaitu asam benzoat (BA) yang terbentuk kristal
multikomponen. Hasil semua karakterisasi DES-BA mengindikasikan
terbentuknya fase kristal padat baru, yang berbeda dengan komponen individu
DES dan BA yang memastikan terbentuknya kristal multikomponen. Stabilitas
kristal multikomponen diamati dengan PXRD dan FTIR dalam kondisi yang
dipercepat selama 4 bulan dalam suhu 40°C/ RH 75% menunjukkan hasil yang
stabil tidak mengalami perubahan pola dibandingkan sebelum perlakuan.
Analisis struktur kristal tunggal mengungkapkan bahwa kristal multikomponen
baru ini dikategorikan sebagai garam karena adanya transfer proton dari BA ke
molekul DES. Dengan pembentukan kristal multikomponen garam, menunjukkan
bahwa tabletabilitas dan plastisitas kristal multikomponen meningkat dan berbeda
dengan obat induk. Selain itu, kecenderungan capping maupun laminasi tidak
diamati pada kristal multikomponen DES-BA. Keberadaan struktur berlapis dan
bidang luncur dari kristal multikomponen dikaitkan dengan perbaikan
kemampuan tabletabilitas, yang tidak ada pada DES. DES-BA dalam kasus ini
menunjukkan kelarutan yang meningkat dalam media air dan HCl 0,1 N, serta
profil disolusi yang lebih baik.
Hasil analisis membuktikan ko-amorf DES-BA sudah terbentuk sempurna dan
homogen. Percobaan DSC menunjukkan bahwa suhu transisi kaca (Tg) dari ko-
amorf DES-BA yang diuji memiliki Tg tunggal yang lebih tinggi daripada DES
amorf. FT-IR mengungkap interaksi yang kuat terutama pembentukan garam.
Tingkat disolusi dan kelarutan ko-amorf DES-BA (1: 1) diperoleh lebih besar
daripada bentuk kristal DES. Pemeriksaan stabilitas fisik selama 3 bulan pada
40°C dengan RH 75% menunjukkan ko-amorf DES-BA lebih stabil daripada
bentuk tunggal DES amorf.
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multikomponen. Kompresi tidak sampai menyebabkan terjadinya transformasi
polimorfik. Pengamatan SEM menunjukkan kecenderungan adanya perlekatan
antar partikel pada DES dan tidak terjadi pada kristal multikomponen.
Tabletabilitas dari DES dan kristal multikomponen apabila dihubungkan lebih
dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal berupa bidang luncur, sedangkan faktor eksternal
berupa tekanan kompresi relatif tidak mempengaruhi hasil dari tabletabilitas.
Transformasi polimorfik terjadi pada DES, namun tidak terjadi pada kristal
multikomponen. Kristal multikomponen stabil dari pengaruh pelarutan,
pemanasan, penggilingan, dan kompresi. Proses transformasi DES dipicu oleh
pengaruh rekristalisasi dengan pelarut yang berbeda menghasilkan polimorf yang
berbeda, perlakuan saat penguapan pelarut disertai pemanasan juga menyebabkan
transformasi polimorfik. Proses penggilingan telah menginduksi terjadinya
transformasi polimorfik I ke polimorf II. Adapun pengaruh pemanasan telah
menginisiasi pembentukan polimorf II dari polimorf I, meskipun hasilnya
merupakan campuran kedua polimorf.
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ABSTRACT
By
Ahmad Ainurofiq
NIM: 30715011
(Doctoral Program in Pharmacy)
Multicomponent crystal synthesis was carried out between DES and 26 coformers
at a 1: 1 molar ratio using the solvent evaporation method and 12 types of
solvents used. The results of multicomponent crystal manufacturing are evaluated
by a polarized light microscopy, if a new crystal habit is formed which is different
from DES and the coformer, it shows the prediction of the formation a new
multicomponent crystal compound. This possibly newly formed component is soon
characterized using: powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), and stability evaluation. Determination of
multicomponent crystal structures is done using single crystal X-ray
diffraction (SCXRD), which is then evaluated of its physicochemical properties
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which includes solubility and dissolution rate. The physicomechanical properties
are evaluated for its tabletability (tensile strength), flowability and
compressibility (Carr index and Hausner ratio), elasticity (elastic recovery), and
the determination of the slip plane. In this study, a co-amorphous substance from
DES and benzoic acid (BA) using melt-quenching method was prepared and
characterized using DSC, FTIR, PXRD, and a polarized light
microscopy. Dissolution profile, solubility, and physical stability of the DES-BA
co-amorphous substance were determined. Further studies are held to evaluate
DES and multicomponent crystals from the effect of solvents, grinding, heating,
and compression pressure on physicochemical properties characterized by PXRD,
FTIR, DSC, SEM, and solubility evaluation.
The results of examination of DES raw materials showed form I polymorph based
on the confirmation results of FTIR, XRD, and DSC. Only one coformer, benzoic
acid (BA) successfully formed a multicomponent crystal. The results of all DES-
BA characterizations indicate the formation of a new solid crystalline phase,
which is different from the individual DES and BA components which ensure the
formation of multicomponent crystals. The stability of multicomponent crystals
observed with PXRD and FTIR in accelerated conditions for 4 months at a
temperature of 40 ° C / RH 75% showed a stable result with no pattern changes
compared to its condition before experimentation.
Single crystal structure analysis revealed that this new multicomponent crystal
was categorized as salt because of the transfer of protons from BA to DES
molecules. With the formation of multicomponent salt crystals, it has been shown
that the tabletability and plasticity of multicomponent crystals increases and is
different from the parent drug. In addition, the tendency of capping and
lamination was not observed in DES-BA multicomponent crystals. The existence
of layered structures and slip plane from multicomponent crystals is associated
with improvements in tabletability, which is not present in DES. DES-BA in this
case showed increased solubility in water and 0.1 N HCl, and has better
dissolution profile.
Analysis proved that DES-BA co-amorphous substance has been formed perfectly
and homogeneously. The DSC experiment showed that the glass transition
temperature (Tg) of the co-amorphous DES-BA had a higher single Tg than the
amorphous DES. FTIR revealed strong interactions, especially in salt
formation. The dissolution rate and solubility of co-amorphous DES-BA (1: 1) is
greater than that of DES crystals. Physical stability examination for 3 months at
40 ° C with 75% RH showed that co-amorphous DES-BA was more stable than a
single form of amorphous DES.
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compression pressure is not significant enough to change the crystallinity of DES
and multicomponent crystals. Compression does not cause polymorphic
transformation. SEM observations showed a tendency for inter-particle
attachment to DES, which did not occur in multicomponent crystals. Tabletability
of DES and multicomponent crystals, when linked, are more influenced by
internal factors in the form of slip plane, while external factors in the form of
relative compression pressure do not affect the results of tabletability.
The final result shows that DES-BA multicomponent crystals can improve
tabletability, solubility, and have good stability. Meanwhile, the formation of co-
amorphous DES-BA has shown the potential to improve stability, improve
solubility and dissolution. However, in comparison, multicomponent crystals are
more stable. Evaluation of the grinding, solvent, heating and compression
pressure processes showed that multicomponent crystals does not undergo
polymorphic transformation, while DES does. This study shows that DES-BA
multicomponent crystals can be developed in the direction of formulations that
are physicochemical and physicomechanical feasible.
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