Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Daftar Isi

Ahmad Sarwat, Lc., MA

Seri Fiqih Kehidupan : 2

Thaharah

Rumah Fiqih Publishing

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Daftar Isi Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

Perpustakaan Nasional : Katalog Dalam terbitan (KDT)

Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah
Penulis, Ahmad Sarwat

474 hlm; 17,6 x 25 cm

ISBN 978-602-19893-2-6

Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-undang. Dilarang mengutip atau memperbanyak

sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit.

Judul Buku
Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah
Penulis
Ahmad Sarwat, Lc MA
Editor
Aini Aryani
Hanif
Setting & Lay out
Fatih
Desain Cover
Fayad
Penerbit
Rumah Fiqih Publishing
Jalan Karet Pedurenan no. 53 Kuningan
Setiabudi Jakarta Selatan 12940

Cetakan Pertama, September 2012

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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Mukaddimah

Muqaddimah

Segala puji bagi Allah Tuhan Yang Maha Agung. Shalawat

serta salam tercurah kepada baginda Nabi Muhammad SAW
juga kepada para shahabat beliau, para pengikut dan orang-
orang yang menjadikan beliau sebagai teladan hidup, hingga
akhir zaman.
Setiap ulama menulis kitab fiqih. umumnya diawali dengan
pembahasan tentang thaharah. Setiap guru agama mengajar ilmu
fiqih, bermula yang pertama kali dibahas thaharah. Dan setiap
santri atau murid belajar tentang fiqih, dia akan mendapatkan
pelajaran pertama tentang thaharah.
Semua itu bukan sekedar kebiasaan, tetapi memang ada
alasannya. Pelajaran fiqih membahas tema besar yang terkait
masalah ritual ibadah, yaitu shalat. Dan shalat itu adalah ibadah
yang mensyaratkan adanya kesucian. Karena itulah umumnya
sebelum bicara shalat, dalam ilmu fiqih umumnya diletakkan
terlebih dahulu masalah thaharah pada urutan awal.
Buku yang Penulis susun ini juga mengikuti tradisi para
ulama yang meletakkan pembahasan masalah thaharah di urutan
awal. Tentu alasannya tidak jauh berbeda dengan alasan yang
banyak dipakai para ulama.Kitab jilid dua ini terdiri dari bab-
bab yang semua terkait dengan masalah thaharah.
Sistematika penulisan buku ini Penulis bagi menjadi empat

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Mukaddimah Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

bagian utama, yaitu tentang thaharah, najis, hadats dan

hubungan antara agama Islam dan thaharah.
Bagian pertama
Bagian pertama dari buku ini terdiri dari 2 bab saja, yang
hubungan antara agama Islam dengan thaharah, dan juga
dengan kebersihan, yang ternyata sangat erat kaitannya.
Bab pertama membahas hubungan antara Islam dan
kebersihan. Bagaimana dahulu bangsa Eropa menjalani
kehidupan yang jorok, juga dibahas dalam bab ini.
Bab kedua membahas pengertian thaharah secara umum,
sebelum kita bicara lebih dalam tentang detail-detailnya pada
bab-bab berikutnya.
Bagian Kedua
Bagian kedua dari buku ini terdiri dari tujuh bab yang
kesemuanya terkait dengan hukum-hukum najis.
Bab pertama mengupas pengertian najis, hukum-hukum
yang terkait dengan najis serta pembagian najis, baik
berdasarkan tingkat kesulitan untuk mensucikannya, ataupun
berdasarkan sumber, wujud serta apakah najis itu asli ataupun
benda suci yang terkena najis.
Bab kedua mengupas tentang najis yang terkait dengan
tubuh manusia. Pada hakikatnya tubuh manusia bukan benda
najis. Sebagian dari apa yang keluar dari tubuh manusia
memang merupakan benda najis. Dan sebagian lainnnya bukan
merupakan benda najis. Dan tentunya juga ada yang disepakati
kenajisannya oleh para ulama, serta sebagiannya ada yang tidak
disepakati.
Bab ketiga mengupas tentang najis yang terkait dengan
hewan. Dimulai dari hewan yang masih hidup, dimana hewan
itu sebagiannya ada yang najis dan sebagiannya suci. Demikian
juga dengan benda-benda yang keluar dari tubuh hewan,
sebagiannya suci dan sebagiannya najis. Bab ketiga diakhiri
dengan bangkai hewan dan hukum-hukum yang terkait
dengannya.

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Bab keempat secara khusus mengupas tentang benda najis-

najis yang sepanjang zaman diperselisihkan hukumnya oleh
para ulama. Di antara najis yang biasa diperselisihkan itu
misalnya khamar, Alkohol, air mani, kotoran hewan, muntah,
plasenta. Para ulama juga banyak berbeda pendapat ketika
menetapkan mana saja najis yang dimaafkan.
Bab kelima secara khusus membahas tentang kenajisan air
liur (as-su'ru). Secara lebih rinci bab ini membicarakan hukum
liur manusia, bahwa air liur wanita yang sedang haidh bukan
termasuk benda najis, sebagaimana air liur orang kafir pun pada
hakikatnya bukan merupakan benda najis. Adapun air liur
hewan, sebagiannya ada yang merupakan benda najis dan
sebagian lainnya tidak najis.
Bab keenam adalah bab yang secara khusus membahas
tentang bagaimana teknis dan ketentuan dalam pensucian benda
najis. Ada dua jenis benda najis, yaitu benda yang aslinya
merupakan benda najis, dan benda yang asalnya suci lalu
kemudian terkontaminasi dengan benda najis, sehingga
hukumnya ikut menjadi najis juga. Kedua jenis benda najis itu
bisa disucikan, dengan ketentuan-ketentuan yang telah
ditetapkan syariah.
Bab ketujuh secara khusus mengupas tentang istinja', yaitu
bersuci dari buang air. Buang air besar atau air kecil, keduanya
sama-sama mengeluarkan najis dari dalam tubuh manusia.
Islam secara khusus telah mentapkan banyak ketentuan dalam
buang air ini mulai dari tata cara beristinja' hingga adab-adab
yang harus dipraktekkan.
Bagian Ketiga
Tema besar dari bagian kedua dari buku ini secar khusus
mengupas tentang hadats. Penulis menulis sepuluh bab yang
berbeda terkait dengan masalah hadats ini.
Bab pertama membahas tentang pengertian hadats serta
perbedannya dengan najis. Selain itu bab ini juga membahas
tentang pembagian hadats kecil dan besar, penyebab dari

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Mukaddimah Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

masing-masing hadats itu serta larangan-larangan yang berlaku

bagi masing-masing hadats.
Bab kedua secara lebih detail dan rinci khusus membahas
tentang tata cara bersuci dari hadats kecil dan besar. Dimulai
dari pengertian mengangkat hadats, kemudian masuk ke dalam
pembahasan syarat-syarat yang dibutuhkan untuk mengangkat
hadat.
Bab ketiga membahas tentang air terkait dengan hukumnya
untuk bersuci dan kelima jenisnya. Pertama adalah air mutlak
yang hukumnya suci mensucikan. Kedua adalah air musta'mal,
yaitu air yang sebelumnya sudah digunakan untuk mengangkat
hadats. Ketiga adalah air suci bercampur dengan benda yang
suci, namun mengubah keadaan air itu. Keempat adalah air
mutanajjis, yaitu air yang tercemar dengan benda najis. Dan
kelima adalah air yang panas serta hukumnya bila digunakan
untuk mengangkat hadats.
Bab keempat membahas secara panjang lebar tentang
wudhu, antara lain tentang pengertian, masyru'iyah, hukum
wudhu, wudhu’ Rasulullah SAW, rukun wudhu’, sunnah-
sunnah wudhu’, batalnya wudhu', serta batal yang hukumnya
masih diperselisihkan para ulama.
Bab kelima masih terkait dengan hukum wudhu, yaitu
hukum mengusap sepatu sebagai pengganti dari mencuci kaki
ketika wudhu. Ada beberapa masalah terkait dengan bab ini
antara lain pengertian mengusap serta pengertian sepatu,
masyru’iyah, kalangan yang mengingkari syariat ini, praktek
atau tata cara mengusap sepatu, syarat untuk mengusap sepatu,
masa berlaku dan hal-hal yang membatalkan.
Bab keenam membahas tentang mandi janabah. Hukum-
hukum yang terkait dengan mandi janabah antara lain mulai
dari pengertian, hal-hal yang mewajibkan mandi janabah, rukun
mandi janabah, sunnah mandi janabah, mandi janabah yand
disunnahkan, hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan serta hal-hal yang
diharamkan buat orang yang belum mandi janabah.

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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Mukaddimah

Bab ketujuh membahas tentang tayammum. Dan

rinciannya mulai dari pengertian, masyru’iyah, kedudukan
tayammum sebagai pengganti wudhu' dan mandi janabah,
kekhususan tayammum buat umat Nabi Muhammad SAW, hal-
hal yang membolehkan tayammum, tanah yang bisa dipakai
tayammum, cara tayammum, dan hal-hal yang terkait dengan
batalnya tayammum.
Bab kedelapan membahas tentang haidh. Di dalamnya
dikupas beberapa hal, antara lain pengertian, pembagian tiga
macam darah wanita, syarat darah haidh, usia mulai dan
berakhirnya haid, masa haidh dan masa suci, serta berbagai
perbuatan yang haram dilakukan ketika sedang mendapat haid.
Bab kesembilan masih ada kaitannya dengan bab
sebelumnya, yaitu membahas tentang hukum nifas bagi wanita
yang baru saja melahirkan. Mulai dari pengertian nifas, rentang
waktu nifas, baik minimal ataupun maksimal, larangan dan
kasus-kasus tertentu yang terkait dengan nifas.
Bab kesepuluh membahas tentang istihadhah yang sering
dialami oleh para wanita.
Bagian Keempat
Bagian ketiga atau bagian akhir dari buku ini membahas
tentang fithrah dalam Islam, yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan
thaharah dan kebersihan.
Bab pertama membahas tentang pengertian fithrah, dalil-
dalil tentang anjuran untuk mengerjakannnya dan contoh-
contoh fithrah yang dianjurkan.
Bab kedua membahas tentang syariat khitan, atau sering
juga disebut sunat. Dari segi hukum, ternyata para ulama
memang berbeda pendapat dalam status hukum khitan, ada
yang mewajibkan tapi juga ada yang menyunnahkan. Selain
hukum, bab ini juga membahas manfaat khitan.
Bab ketiga dari bagian keempat ini membahas tentang
keutamaan memakai parfum, ibadah-ibadah yang disunnahkan
memakai parfum, larangan berparfum serta hukum parfum

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beralkohol.
Semoga buku ini bisa memberikan manfaat berlipat buat
kita semua, bukan karena sekedar dimengerti isinya, tetapi yang
lebih penting dari itu dapat diamalkan sebaik-baiknya dengan
hati yang ikhlas karena Allah SWT.
Semoga buku ini bisa menjadi penambah berat amal Penulis
serta menjadi hujjah di depan mahkamah ilahiyah di hari kiamat
bahwa sebagian dari kewajiban yang ada di pundak penulis
sebagai thalibul-ilm telah dilaksanakan.

Al-Faqir ilallah

Ahmad Sarwat

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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Daftar Isi

Daftar Isi

Muqaddimah...................................................................................... 5
Daftar Isi ...........................................................................................11
Bagian Pertama Thaharah ............................................................... 27
Bab 1 : Islam dan Kebersihan .......................................................... 29
A. Syariat Islam : Kebersihan & Kesucian..................................................... 29
1. Perintah Bersuci...................................................................................................30
2. Kedudukan Bersuci dalam Syariah ...................................................................35
B. Kehidupan Jorok di Luar Islam.................................................................. 38
1. Ratu Isabella : Hanya Sekali Mandi Seumur Hidup .......................................39
2. Raja Louis XII : Hanya Dua Kali Mandi Seumur Hidup..............................39
3. Raja Perancis, Henri IV ......................................................................................40
4. Tidur Bersama Ternak........................................................................................41
5. Kehidupan Sungai Gangga.................................................................................41
Bab 2 : Pengertian Thaharah ........................................................... 45
A. Pengertian...................................................................................................... 45
1. Bahasa....................................................................................................................45
2. Istilah.....................................................................................................................46
B. Thaharah dengan Kebersihan..................................................................... 47
1. Suci Tidak Bersih.................................................................................................48
2. Bersih Tidak Suci.................................................................................................48
3. Suci dan Bersih.....................................................................................................49
C. Karakteristik Thaharah ................................................................................ 49
1. Thaharah Adalah Ibadah Ritual ........................................................................49
2. Thaharah Tidak Diukur Dengan Logika atau Perasaan ................................50

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3. Thaharah Bersumber Dari Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah...................................52

D. Pembagian Jenis Thaharah ......................................................................... 53
1. Thaharah Dari Najis............................................................................................53
2. Thaharah Dari Hadats ........................................................................................54
Bagian Kedua Najis ......................................................................... 57
Bab 1 : Najis ..................................................................................... 59
A. Pengertian...................................................................................................... 59
1. Bahasa....................................................................................................................59
2. Istilah.....................................................................................................................60
B. Hukum-hukum Terkait Najis ..................................................................... 60
1. Tidak Berdosa Menyentuh Najis.......................................................................60
2. Syarat Ibadah........................................................................................................61
3. Haram Dimakan ..................................................................................................62
4. Haram Digunakan Beristijmar...........................................................................63
5. Haram Diperjual-belikan....................................................................................63
6. Haram Ditempatkan Pada Benda Suci.............................................................70
C. Pembagian Najis ........................................................................................... 72
1. Berdasarkan Tingkat Kesulitan Pensucian .....................................................73
2. Berdasarkan Sumber ...........................................................................................76
3. Berdasarkan Wujud .............................................................................................77
4. Berdasarkan Najis dan Mutanajjis.....................................................................78
Bab 2 : Tubuh Manusia & Najis...................................................... 81
A. Tubuh Manusia Tidak Najis ....................................................................... 82
1. Tubuh Orang Kafir .............................................................................................83
2. Tubuh Orang Meninggal....................................................................................86
3. Tubuh Wanita Yang Sedang Haidh..................................................................87
4. Potongan Tubuh Manusia..................................................................................88
B. Najis Yang Keluar Dari Tubuh Manusia .................................................. 89
1. Darah.....................................................................................................................89
2. Muntah..................................................................................................................92
3. Kotoran dan Kencing .........................................................................................93
4. Nanah....................................................................................................................94
5. Mazi dan Wadi .....................................................................................................94
C. Bukan Najis Yang Keluar Dari Tubuh Manusia...................................... 94

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1. Air Liur..................................................................................................................94
2. Dahak ....................................................................................................................96
3. Ingus ......................................................................................................................97
4. Air Susu Manusia.................................................................................................97
5. Air Mata dan Keringat........................................................................................98
6. Kuku dan Rambut ...............................................................................................98
5. Janin.......................................................................................................................99
6. Bayi ........................................................................................................................99
D. Keluar Dari Tubuh Manusia & Diperselisihkan ..................................... 99
1. Air Mani ..............................................................................................................100
2. 'Alaqah.................................................................................................................102
3. Mudhghah...........................................................................................................103
Bab 3 : Hewan dan Najis ................................................................105
A. Hewan Hidup Yang Najis......................................................................... 106
1. Babi......................................................................................................................106
2. Anjing ..................................................................................................................111
3. Hewan Buas........................................................................................................113
B. Najis Yang Keluar Dari Hewan ............................................................... 115
1. Air Kencing & Kotoran ...................................................................................115
2. Darah...................................................................................................................117
3. Keringat...............................................................................................................118
4. Susu Hewan........................................................................................................118
5. Telur.....................................................................................................................120
6. Kulit.....................................................................................................................123
C. Bangkai......................................................................................................... 124
1. Pengertian...........................................................................................................124
2. Dalil Kenajisan...................................................................................................124
3. Kriteria Bangkai .................................................................................................125
D. Bangkai Yang Tidak Najis ........................................................................ 133
1. Lalat dan Nyamuk .............................................................................................133
2. Bangkai Hewan Laut.........................................................................................134
3. Hewan Dua Alam..............................................................................................135
Bab 4 : Najis Yang Diperselisihkan................................................137
A. Khamar........................................................................................................ 138
1. Jumhur : Najis ....................................................................................................138

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2. Tidak Najis..........................................................................................................139
B. Alkohol ........................................................................................................ 140
1. Alkohol Adalah Khamar ..................................................................................140
2. Alkohol Bukan Khamar ...................................................................................141
3. Apakah Alkohol Najis.......................................................................................144
C. Air Mani....................................................................................................... 145
1. Jumhur Ulama : Najis .......................................................................................145
2. Mazhab Asy-Syafi’iyah : Tidak Najis ..............................................................146
D. Kotoran Hewan Yang Halal Dagingnya................................................. 148
1. Jumhur Ulama : Najis .......................................................................................148
2. Mazhab Al-Hanabilah : Tidak Najis ...............................................................149
3. Studi Masalah .....................................................................................................151
E. Bangkai Hewan Dua Alam ....................................................................... 154
1. Mazhab Al-Hanafiyah.......................................................................................155
2. Al-Malikiyah .......................................................................................................155
3. Mazhab Asy-Syafi'iyah......................................................................................156
F. Muntah......................................................................................................... 156
1. Muntah Najis......................................................................................................157
2. Muntah Tidak Najis ..........................................................................................158
G. Plasenta ....................................................................................................... 158
1. Pengertian...........................................................................................................158
2. Kajian Hukum....................................................................................................160
Bab 5 : Najis Yang Dimaafkan .......................................................163
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 163
B. Mazhab Al-Hanafiyah................................................................................ 163
C. Mazhab Al-Malikiyah................................................................................. 164
D. Mazhab As-Syafi’iyah dan Al-Hanbalilah............................................... 164
Bab 6 : As-Su’ru...............................................................................165
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 165
1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................165
2. Istilah...................................................................................................................166
B. Su’ru Manusia.............................................................................................. 166
1. Orang Kafir ........................................................................................................167
2. Wanita Haidh .....................................................................................................168

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3. Su'ru Peminum Khamar...................................................................................169

C. Hukum Su’ru Hewan.................................................................................. 170
1. Su’ru Hewan Yang Halal Dagingnya...............................................................170
2. Su’ru Anjing dan Babi........................................................................................170
3. Su’ru Kucing .......................................................................................................172
4. Su’ru Keledai dan Bagal ....................................................................................173
D. Perbedaan Pendapat di Kalangan Fuqaha’............................................. 174
1. Imam Abu Hanifah ...........................................................................................174
2. Al-Imam Malik...................................................................................................174
3. Al-Imam Asy-Syafi’i ..........................................................................................174
Bab 7 : Pensucian Najis ..................................................................177
A. Thaharah Dari Najis .................................................................................. 177
B. Mensucikan Benda Yang Asalnya Najis.................................................. 179
1. Penyamakan........................................................................................................180
2. Istihalah...............................................................................................................184
C. Mensucikan Benda Terkena Najis ........................................................... 190
1. Pencucian Dengan Air......................................................................................191
2. Penyiraman.........................................................................................................192
3. Penambahan Air ................................................................................................193
4. Pengerikan ..........................................................................................................194
5. Pengelapan (gosok) ...........................................................................................195
6. Dikesetkan ke Tanah.........................................................................................196
7. Dijemur Matahari Hingga Kering...................................................................197
8. Taqwir .................................................................................................................198
9. Diperciki Air.......................................................................................................199
10. Diseret Di Atas Tanah....................................................................................199
Bab 8 : Istinja’ .................................................................................201
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 202
1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................202
2. Istilah...................................................................................................................202
3. Istilah Yang Berdekatan....................................................................................202
B. Hukum Istinja’ ............................................................................................. 203
1. Wajib....................................................................................................................203
2. Sunnah.................................................................................................................204
C. Praktek Istinja’ dan adabnya ...................................................................... 205

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1. Tangan Kiri.........................................................................................................206
2. Istitar....................................................................................................................206
3. Tidak Membaca Nama Allah...........................................................................206
4. Tidak Menghadap Kiblat..................................................................................207
5. Istibra’..................................................................................................................208
6. Kaki Kiri dan Kanan.........................................................................................208
7. Tidak Sambil Berbicara.....................................................................................209
D. Istijmar ........................................................................................................ 209
E. Hukum Istinja’ Buat Orang Bermasalah................................................. 211
1. Jumhur.................................................................................................................212
2. Al-Malikiyah .......................................................................................................212
Bagian Ketiga Hadats.....................................................................213
Bab 1 : Hadats .................................................................................215
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 215
1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................215
2. Istilah...................................................................................................................216
B. Perbedaan Hadats dengan Najis............................................................... 217
1. Hadats Bukan Benda Tapi Status Hukum.....................................................217
2. Hadats Disucikan Dengan Ritual....................................................................217
3. Hadats dan Najis Menghalangi Ritual Ibadah...............................................218
C. Hadats Kecil................................................................................................ 218
1. Pengertian...........................................................................................................218
2. Penyebab Hadats Kecil.....................................................................................218
3. Larangan Saat Berhadats Kecil........................................................................223
4. Berthaharah dari Hadats Kecil.........................................................................225
D. Hadats Besar............................................................................................... 226
1. Pengertian...........................................................................................................226
2. Penyebab Hadats Besar ....................................................................................226
3. Larangan Saat Berhadats Besar .......................................................................231
4. Berthaharah dari Hadats Besar.......................................................................234
Bab 2 : Mengangkat Hadats .......................................................... 237
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 237
B. Hukum Mengangkat Hadats..................................................................... 238
1. Wajib....................................................................................................................238

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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Daftar Isi

2. Sunnah.................................................................................................................238
C. Syarat Wajib Mengangkat Hadats ............................................................ 239
1. Beragama Islam..................................................................................................239
2. Berakal.................................................................................................................240
3. Baligh...................................................................................................................240
4. Sudah Berhenti Dari Haidh atau Nifas ..........................................................241
5. Masuk Waktu......................................................................................................241
6. Tidak Tidur atau Lupa ......................................................................................242
7. Tidak Dipaksa ....................................................................................................242
8. Adanya Media Bersuci ......................................................................................242
9. Mampu ................................................................................................................242
D. Ritual Mengangkat Hadats ....................................................................... 243
1. Wudhu’................................................................................................................243
2. Mandi Janabah ...................................................................................................243
3. Tayammum? .......................................................................................................244
Bab 3 : Air....................................................................................... 247
A. Air Mutlaq ................................................................................................... 248
1. Air Hujan ............................................................................................................249
2. Salju......................................................................................................................251
3. Embun.................................................................................................................251
4. Air Laut...............................................................................................................252
5. Air Zamzam .......................................................................................................253
6. Air Sumur atau Mata Air ..................................................................................255
7. Air Sungai ...........................................................................................................255
B. Air Musta’mal.............................................................................................. 256
1. Mazhab Al-Hanafiyah.......................................................................................258
2. Mazhab Al-Malikiyah........................................................................................259
3. Mazhab Asy-Syafi’iyyah....................................................................................259
4. Mazhab Al-Hanabilah.......................................................................................260
5. Batasan Volume 2 Qullah ................................................................................260
C. Air Tercampur Dengan Benda Suci ........................................................ 262
1. Tetap Suci Dan Mensucikan............................................................................262
2. Suci Tetapi Tidak Mensucikan ........................................................................263
D. Air Terkena Najis....................................................................................... 264
1. Indikator Kenajisan...........................................................................................265

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2. Pensucian Air .....................................................................................................266

E. Air Musakhkhan ......................................................................................... 267
1. Musakhkhan Musyammasy ..............................................................................267
2. Air Musakhkhan Ghairu Musyammasy..........................................................268
Bab 4 : Wudhu’ 1 (Hukum Rukun & Syarat)..................................271
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 272
1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................272
2. Istilah...................................................................................................................272
B. Masyru'iyah.................................................................................................. 274
1. Al-Quran.............................................................................................................274
2. As-Sunnah...........................................................................................................275
3. Ijma' .....................................................................................................................276
C. Hukum Wudhu........................................................................................... 276
1. Fardhu .................................................................................................................276
2. Sunnah.................................................................................................................279
D. Rukun Wudhu’ ........................................................................................... 282
1. Perbedaan Ulama Dalam Menetapkan Rukun..............................................282
2. Niat Dalam Hati ................................................................................................284
3. Membasuh Wajah..............................................................................................284
4. Membasuh Kedua Tangan Hingga Siku ........................................................285
5. Mengusap Kepala ..............................................................................................285
6. Mencuci Kaki Hingga Mata Kaki....................................................................286
7. Tartib...................................................................................................................286
8. Al-Muwalat (Tidak Terputus)..........................................................................287
9. Ad-Dalk...............................................................................................................288
E. Syarat Wajib Wudhu .................................................................................. 288
1. Muslim.................................................................................................................288
2. Akil.......................................................................................................................288
3. Baligh...................................................................................................................289
4. Terhentinya Hal-hal Yang Meniadakan Wudhu' ..........................................289
5. Keberadaan Air Mutlak Yang Cukup.............................................................289
6. Mampu Menggunakan Air ...............................................................................290
7. Waktu Yang Tinggal Sedikit.............................................................................291
8. Adanya Hadats...................................................................................................291
9. Sampainya Dakwah Nabi SAW.......................................................................291

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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Daftar Isi

F. Syarat Sah Wudhu....................................................................................... 291

1. Ratanya Air Membasahi Anggota Wudhu' ....................................................291
2. Tidak Adanya Penghalang di Kulit.................................................................292
3. Berhentinya Penyebab Hadats.........................................................................293
4. Ilmu Tentang Wudhu'.......................................................................................294
5. Halalnya Air........................................................................................................294
Bab 5 : Wudhu 2 (Sunnah Makruh & Batalnya)............................ 295
A. Sunnah-sunnah Wudhu’............................................................................ 296
1. Mencuci Kedua Tangan....................................................................................296
2. Membaca Basmalah...........................................................................................297
3. Berkumur, Istinsyaq & Instintsar....................................................................297
4. Bersiwak..............................................................................................................299
5. Meresapkan Air ke Jenggot..............................................................................300
6. Membasuh Tiga Kali.........................................................................................300
7. Berdoa Setiap Membasuh Anggota Wudhu..................................................301
8. Membasahi Seluruh Kepala .............................................................................304
8. Membasuh Dua Telinga ...................................................................................304
9. Mendahulukan Kanan.......................................................................................305
10. Takhlil................................................................................................................306
11. Menghadap Kiblat...........................................................................................306
12. Memanjangkan Ghurrah dan Tahjil .............................................................306
13. Shalat Sunnah Sesudah Wudhu.....................................................................307
B. Perbuatan Makruh Saat Wudhu' .............................................................. 308
1. Wudhu Sambil Berbicara..................................................................................308
2. Membasuh Leher...............................................................................................309
3. Membasuh Kepala Tiga Kali ...........................................................................309
4. Boros Air.............................................................................................................310
5. Wudhu di Tempat Yang Tidak Suci ...............................................................310
6. Mengeringkan Bekas Air Wudhu' ...................................................................311
C. Batalnya Wudhu' Yang Disepakati........................................................... 312
1. Keluarnya Sesuatu Lewat Kemaluan. .............................................................312
2. Tidur ....................................................................................................................312
3. Hilang Akal.........................................................................................................313
4. Menyentuh Kemaluan.......................................................................................313
D. Batal Yang Mukhtalaf................................................................................ 314

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Daftar Isi Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

1. Menyentuh Kulit Lawan Jenis .........................................................................314

2. Keluar Benda Najis Dari Selain Dua Kemaluan...........................................317
3. Memakan Daging Unta.....................................................................................318
4. Memakan Makanan Yang Dibakar Api..........................................................320
5. Memakan Makanan Yang Diharamkan..........................................................321
6. Memandikan Mayat...........................................................................................321
7. Ragu Sudah Wudhu' Atau Belum ...................................................................321
8. Berghibah dan Bicara Kotor............................................................................322
Bab 6 : Mengusap Dua Khuff ........................................................ 325
A. Pengertian Mengusap Khuff....................................................................... 325
1. Makna Mengusap...............................................................................................326
2. Pengertian Khuff .................................................................................................327
B. Masyru’iyah.................................................................................................. 327
C. Kalangan yang Mengingkari...................................................................... 329
D. Praktek Mengusap Sepatu ........................................................................ 330
E. Syarat untuk Mengusap Sepatu ................................................................ 330
1. Berwudhu Sebelum Memakainya....................................................................330
2. Suci dan Menutupi Tapak Kaki Hingga Mata Kaki .....................................330
3. Tidak Najis..........................................................................................................331
4. Tidak Berlubang.................................................................................................331
5. Tidak Tembus Air .............................................................................................331
F. Masa Berlaku ............................................................................................... 331
G. Yang Membatalkan.................................................................................... 333
1. Mendapat Janabah.............................................................................................333
2. Melepas Sepatu ..................................................................................................333
3. Berlubang atau Robek Sehingga Terlihat.......................................................333
4. Basahnya Kaki yang Ada di Dalam Sepatu....................................................334
5. Habis Waktunya.................................................................................................334
Bab 7 : Mandi Janabah................................................................... 335
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 336
1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................336
2. Istilah...................................................................................................................336
B. Hal-hal Yang Mewajibkan Mandi Janabah ............................................. 337
1. Keluar Mani........................................................................................................337

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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Daftar Isi

2. Bertemunya Dua Kemaluan.............................................................................339

3. Meninggal............................................................................................................340
4. Haidh...................................................................................................................340
5. Nifas ....................................................................................................................341
6. Melahirkan..........................................................................................................341
C. Rukun Mandi Janabah ............................................................................... 342
1. Niat ......................................................................................................................342
2. Menghilangkan Najis.........................................................................................343
3. Meratakan Air ke Seluruh Tubuh....................................................................343
D. Yang Disunnahkan Ketika Mandi Janabah............................................ 344
1. Mencuci Kedua Tangan....................................................................................345
2. Mencuci Dua Kemaluan...................................................................................345
3. Membersihkan Najis .........................................................................................346
4. Berwudhu............................................................................................................346
5. Sela-sela Rambut................................................................................................346
6. Menyiram Kepala...............................................................................................346
7. Membasahi Seluruh Badan...............................................................................346
9. Mencuci kaki.......................................................................................................346
E. Mandi Janabah Yang Hukumnya Sunnah............................................... 347
1. Shalat Jumat........................................................................................................347
2. Shalat hari Raya Idul Fithr dan Idul Adha.....................................................348
3. Shalat Gerhana dan Istisqa’..............................................................................348
4. Sesudah Memandikan Mayat ...........................................................................349
5. Sadar dari Pingsan, Gila atau Mabuk..............................................................350
6. Haji dan Umrah .................................................................................................350
F. Yang Perlu Diperhatikan ........................................................................... 350
1. Mendahulukan Anggota Kanan ......................................................................350
2. Tidak Perlu Berwudhu Lagi Setelah Mandi...................................................350
G. Haram Buat Yang Belum Mandi Janabah.............................................. 350
1. Shalat ...................................................................................................................351
2. Sujud Tilawah.....................................................................................................351
3. Thawaf.................................................................................................................351
4. Memegang atau Menyentuh Mushaf ..............................................................352
5. Melafazkan Ayat-ayat Al-Quran......................................................................353
6. Masuk ke Masjid ................................................................................................354

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Daftar Isi Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

Bab 8 : Tayammum........................................................................ 357

A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 358
1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................358
2. Istilah...................................................................................................................358
B. Masyru’iyah.................................................................................................. 360
1. Dalil Al-Quran ...................................................................................................360
2. Dalil Sunnah.......................................................................................................361
3. Ijma’.....................................................................................................................361
C. Tayammum Sebagai Pengganti Wudhu' dan Mandi.............................. 362
1. Pengganti Darurat..............................................................................................362
2. Pengganti Mutlak...............................................................................................365
D. Tayammum Khusus Milik Umat Muhammad SAW ............................ 367
E. Tayammum : Rukhshah Atau Azimah ? ................................................. 367
1. Pendapat Jumhur...............................................................................................368
2. Pendapat Al-Hanabilah.....................................................................................368
F. Hal-hal Yang Membolehkan Tayammum............................................... 368
1. Tidak Adanya Air...............................................................................................368
2. Sakit .....................................................................................................................370
3. Suhu Sangat Dingin...........................................................................................371
4. Air Tidak Terjangkau ........................................................................................372
5. Air Tidak Cukup................................................................................................375
6. Habisnya Waktu.................................................................................................375
G. Tanah Yang Bisa Dipakai Tayammum................................................... 375
1. Bolehkah Tayammum Menggunakan Benda-benda Sekitar? .....................376
2. Tayammum di Atas Pesawat............................................................................376
H. Cara Tayammum........................................................................................ 381
1. Cara Pertama ......................................................................................................381
2. Cara Kedua.........................................................................................................382
I. Sunnah Dalam Tayammum ....................................................................... 383
1. Membaca Basmalah...........................................................................................383
2. Tertib...................................................................................................................384
3. Berkesinambungan............................................................................................384
J. Batalnya Tayammum................................................................................... 385
1. Segala Yang Membatalkan Wudhu’ ................................................................385
2. Ditemukannya Air .............................................................................................386

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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Daftar Isi

3. Hilangnya Penghalang.......................................................................................387
Bab 9 : Haidh ................................................................................. 389
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 390
1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................390
2. Istilah...................................................................................................................390
B. Darah Wanita .............................................................................................. 391
1. Darah Haid.........................................................................................................391
2. Darah Nifas ........................................................................................................391
3. Darah Istihadhah...............................................................................................391
C. Syarat Darah Haidh.................................................................................... 392
D. Usia Mulai dan Berakhirnya Haid ........................................................... 392
E. Masa Haidh dan Masa Suci....................................................................... 393
1. Masa Haid...........................................................................................................393
2. Lama Masa Suci .................................................................................................394
F. Perbuatan Yang Haram Dilakukan Karena Haid................................... 395
1. Shalat ...................................................................................................................396
2. Berwudu’ atau Mandi Janabah.........................................................................397
3. Puasa....................................................................................................................397
4.Thawaf..................................................................................................................398
5. Menyentuh Mushaf dan Membawanya..........................................................398
6. Melafazkan Ayat-ayat Al-Quran......................................................................399
7. Masuk ke Masjid dan Menetap........................................................................399
8. Bersetubuh..........................................................................................................402
9. Menceraikan Istri...............................................................................................404
Bab 10 : Nifas ................................................................................. 407
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 407
1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................407
2. Istilah...................................................................................................................408
B. Rentang Waktu Nifas................................................................................. 409
1. Rentang Minimal................................................................................................409
2. Rentang Maksimal .............................................................................................411
C. Larangan Ketika Nifas............................................................................... 413
1. Shalat ...................................................................................................................413
2. Berwudu’ atau mandi janabah .........................................................................414

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Daftar Isi Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

3. Puasa....................................................................................................................414
4.Thawaf..................................................................................................................414
5. Menyentuh Mushaf dan Membawanya..........................................................414
6. Melafazkan Ayat-ayat Al-Quran......................................................................415
7. Masuk ke Masjid ................................................................................................415
8. Bersetubuh..........................................................................................................415
D. Kasus Terkait Nifas................................................................................... 417
1. Adakah Nifas Karena Operasi Cesar?............................................................417
2. Apakah Air Ketuban Yang Pecah Termasuk Nifas?....................................418
Bab 11 : Istihadhah ..........................................................................421
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 421
B. Yang Termasuk Darah Istihadhah........................................................... 422
1. Darah Sebelum Usia 9 Tahun..........................................................................422
2. Darah Setelah Usia Haidh (50-70 tahun).......................................................423
3. Darah di Masa Suci............................................................................................423
4. Darah sebelum melahirkan ..............................................................................423
5. Darah Selewat Nifas..........................................................................................423
C. Perbedaan Istihadhah Dengan Haidh dan Nifas ................................... 424
1. Tidak Mengenal Usia Minimal dan Maksimal...............................................424
2. Tidak Ada Jadwal...............................................................................................424
3. Darah Penyakit...................................................................................................424
4. Warna Khas........................................................................................................425
D. Tiga Keadaan Istihadhah .......................................................................... 425
1. Mumayyizah........................................................................................................425
2. Kondisi kedua ....................................................................................................425
3. Kondisi ketiga ....................................................................................................426
E. Hukum Wanita yang Istihadhah .............................................................. 426
1. Tidak Berlaku Larangan Haidh .......................................................................426
2. Hukumnya Hadats Kecil ..................................................................................428
Bagian Keempat Fithrah.................................................................431
Bab 1 : Fitrah .................................................................................. 433
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 433
1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................434
2. Istilah...................................................................................................................434

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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Daftar Isi

B. Dalil Tentang Fitrah................................................................................... 434

C. Jumlah Fitrah .............................................................................................. 435
D. Sebagian Dari Fitrah.................................................................................. 436
1. Mencukur Kumis dan Memanjangkan Jenggot ............................................436
2. Menggosok Gigi.................................................................................................437
3. Mencabut Bulu Ketiak......................................................................................437
4. Mencukur Bulu Kemaluan...............................................................................438
5. Memotong Kuku ...............................................................................................438
6. Berkhitan.............................................................................................................439
7. Berkumur dan Istinsyaq....................................................................................441
8. Memakai Parfum................................................................................................441
9. Mewarnai Rambut .............................................................................................441
Bab 2 : Khitan................................................................................. 445
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 445
B. Masyru'iyah.................................................................................................. 446
1. Sejak Masa Nabi Ibrahim .................................................................................446
2. Syariat Buat Umat Muhammad .......................................................................446
C. Hukum Mengkhitan................................................................................... 447
1. Sunnah.................................................................................................................448
2. Wajib....................................................................................................................448
3. Wajib Buat Laki-laki Mulia Buat Perempuan................................................449
D. Usia Anak Dikhitan................................................................................... 450
1. Hari Ketujuh Kelahiran....................................................................................450
2. Usia 7 – 10 tahun...............................................................................................451
E. Manfaat Khitan........................................................................................... 451
1. Bagi laki-Laki......................................................................................................451
2. Bagi wanita..........................................................................................................451
F. Khitan dan Khitanan.................................................................................. 452
1. Sunnah Khitan ...................................................................................................452
2. Perayaan Khitanan Sebagai Sebuah Hajatan .................................................452
3. Tidak Ada Doa Khusus....................................................................................453
Bab 3 : Parfum................................................................................ 455
A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 455
B. Keutamaan Berparfum .............................................................................. 456

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Daftar Isi Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

1. Sunnah Para Rasul.............................................................................................456

2. Kesukaan Rasulullah SAW...............................................................................457
3. Sunnah Ketika Beribadah.................................................................................457
4. Mencintai Keharuman adalah Fitrah..............................................................458
C. Ibadah Yang Disunnahkan Berparfum ................................................... 458
1. Shalat Jumat........................................................................................................458
2. Shalat ‘Iedul Fithr dan ‘Ied Al-Adha ..............................................................459
3. Sebelum Ihram...................................................................................................459
D. Larangan Berparfum ................................................................................. 460
1. Saat Berihram.....................................................................................................460
2. Wanita dan Pria..................................................................................................460
3. Wanita Yang Dalam Masa ‘iddah Kematian Suami.......................................461
E. Hukum Parfum Beralkohol ...................................................................... 462
Penutup .......................................................................................... 467
Pustaka ........................................................................................... 469

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