Checklist Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Di Sulawesi Tenggara Dalam Bahada Daerah Tolaki

Checklist
JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN
DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
dalam Bahasa Daerah Tolaki
Checklist
JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN
DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Abdul Haris Mustari
Penerbit IPB Press

IPB Science Techno Park
Bogor - Indonesia
C.01/11.2017
Judul Buku:
Checklist Jenis-jenis Tumbuhan di Sulawesi Tenggara dalam Bahasa Daerah Tolaki
Penyunting Bahasa:
Aditya Dwi Gumelar
Penata Isi:
Army Trihandi Putra
Desain Sampul:
Ardhya Pratama
Foto Sampul:
Julang Sulawesi, Cekakak Merah, Eboni, Kasumeeto, Dongi/Dengen
(Foto Abdul Haris Mustari)
Korektor:
Helda Astika Siregar
Jumlah Halaman:
122 + 8 halaman romawi
Edisi/Cetakan:
Cetakan Pertama, November 2017
Edisi [sumber elektronik]:
Maret 2018
PT Penerbit IPB Press

Anggota IKAPI
IPB Science Techno Park
Jl. Taman Kencana No. 3, Bogor 16128
Telp. 0251 - 8355 158 E-mail: ipbpress@ymail.com
ISBN: 978-602-440-231-0
ISBN [sumber elektronik]: 000-000-000-000-0
Dicetak oleh IPB Press Printing, Bogor - Indonesia

Isi di Luar Tanggung Jawab Percetakan
© 2017, HAK CIPTA DILINDUNGI OLEH UNDANG-UNDANG

Dilarang mengutip atau memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi buku
tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit
Tahun Terbit Elektronik: 2018
eISBN: 978-602-440-308-9
PRAKATA
Buku ditulis untuk memudahkan para peneliti di lapangan khususnya yang bergerak dalam
bidang botani, ekologi hutan, ekologi satwa liar, serta para petugas di lapangan seperti Polisi
Khusus Kehutanan, Rangers, dan pekerjaan yang membutuhkan panduan lapang mengenai
jenis-jenis tumbuhan. Daftar jenis tumbuhan yang tedapat di dalam buku ini merupakan
sebagian data yang didapatkan oleh penulis ketika melakukan penelitian mengenai ekologi
dan konservasi anoa (Bubalus depressicornis dan B. quarlesi) di Sulawesi dalam periode 1994–
2017, khususnya di Sulawesi Tenggara Bagian Selatan. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih
kepada banyak pihak yang telah membantu di lapangan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan
rangkaian penelitian yang cukup lama di wilayah ini. Ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan
kepada seluruh staf Balai Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam (BKSDA) Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
yang telah membantu dan memfasilitasi penelitian yang saya lakukan khususnya kepada Bapak
Ir. Dominggus, Ir. Nurhayat, Ir. Sahulata R. Yohana, M.Si., Ir. Sri Winenang, M.Sc., Ir. Anis
Suratin, M.Si., Ir. Sahid, Pak Landipo, Laode Bogi, Laode Pada, Pak Tamrin, dan Laode
Harumu. Terima kasih kepada Pak La Ondu, Pak Saleh, Pak Basri, dan Pak Martinus beserta
keluarga yang telah memberikan bantuan akomodasi selama penulis melakukan penelitian dan
kepada Pak Daniel, Pak Sahidin, dan Pak Syamsu banyak membantu penulis di lapangan.
Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Pak La Tie, Pak La Mane, Pak La Uno,
Pak Kadir di Tambeanga, Pak Sungkono, Antu, Engu yang telah menemani penulis selama
di lapangan. Nama-nama jenis tumbuhan dalam bahasa daerah Tolaki yang merupakan suku
pribumi mayoritas di Sulawesi Tenggara penulis dapatkan dari pemandu lapang yang sangat
berpengalaman, mengenal, dan mampu mengidentifikasi jenis tumbuhan serta satwa dengan
nama-nama lokal, yaitu Pak La Tie atau biasa dipanggil Om Tie serta Pak La Uno. Sementara
nama-nama jenis tumbuhan dalam bahasa daerah Muna, penulis mendapatkannya dari Pak La
Mane, salah satu sesepuh di Desa Amolengo yang sangat berpengalaman dalam hal pengenalan
jenis-jenis tumbuhan di wilayah ini.
Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih atas keramahtamahan masyarakat yang berdiam
di sekitar hutan seperti Desa Ulu Nese, Langga Pulu, Amolengo, Ampera dan Rumba
Rumba, Batu Putih, Lamapu, Tumbu Jaya, Lambangai, Roda, Moeramo, Tambeanga, serta
Labotaone.
Oktober 2017
Abdul Haris Mustari

DAFTAR ISI
PRAKATA.............................................................................................................................. v
DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................................ vii
PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................................1
JENIS TUMBUHAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
(Disusun Berdasarkan Urutan Abjad dalam Bahasa Daerah Suku Tolaki)...............................5
(Disusun Berdasarkan Urutan dan Penglompokan Family (Suku))........................................29
GAMBAR BEBERAPA JENIS TUMBUHAN PENTING..................................................51
COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF VEGETATION
(Komposisi dan Struktur Vegetasi)........................................................................................63
DAFTAR PUSTAKA..........................................................................................................117
INDEKS.............................................................................................................................119
TENTANG PENULIS.......................................................................................................121
PENDAHULUAN
Di bagian selatan Sulawesi Tenggara masih dapat dijumpai kawasan hutan primer dataran
rendah dalam kisaran ketinggian 2–1000 m di atas permukaan laut (mdpl), khususnya kawasan
yang berstatus hutan konservasi seperti Suaka Margasatwa Tanjung Peropa (38.937 Ha, 0–900
mdpl), Suaka Margasatwa Tanjung Amolengo (605 Ha, 0–59 mdpl), Suaka Margasatwa
Tanjung Batikolo (4.016 Ha, 0–400 mdpl), dan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai
(105,194 Ha). Bahkan di sekitar Kota Kendari, terdapat kawasan hutan yang cukup baik yaitu
Taman Hutan Raya Tanjung Nipa Nipa, di mana hutan ini merupkan penyangga langsung
kota Kendai dari bahaya erosi, banjir, dan kekeringan. Selain kawasan hutan konservasi, masih
terdapat beberapa kawasan hutan lindung yang secara keseluruhan sangat penting untuk
melindungi keanekaragaman hayati, baik tumbuhan maupun satwa.
Berbagai jenis satwa endemik Sulawesi dapat ditemukan di hutan-hutan ini di antaranya
jenis mamalia seperti anoa dataran rendah (Bubalus depressicornis), anoa gunung (Bubalus
quarlesi), babi kutil atau babi hutan Sulawesi (Sus celebensis), monyet hitam Sulawesi atau
monyet butun (Macaca ochreata), tangkasi atau tarsius (Tarsius sp), kuskus beruang (Ailurops
ursinus), dan kuskus kerdil Sulawesi (Strigocuscus celebensis). Untuk jenis burung terdapat Julang
Sulawesi (Rhyticeros cassidix), Kangkareng Sulawesi (Penelopides exarhatus), Maleo Senkawor
(Macrocephalon maleo) dan Kadalan Sulawesi (Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus). Jenis tumbuhan
endemik Sulawesi yang terdapat di hutan tersebut di antaranya kayu hitam Sulawesi atau eboni
(Diospyros celebica), kalapi (Kalappia celebica), tembeuwa (Kjellbergiodendron celebicum), serta
jenis-jenis tumbuhan berkhasiat obat. Selain menjadi habitat satwa dan tumbuhan, kawasan
hutan dengan kompleksitas ekosistemnya menjadi daerah resapan air yang menyuplai air bersih
sepanjang tahun kawasan di sekitar hutan yang sangat dibutuhkan untuk kelangsungan hidup
manusia, untuk keperluan irigasi pertanian, serta air bersih untuk rumah tangga. Hutan juga
sangat penting untuk menjaga stabilitas iklim makro dan iklim mikro. Nilai hutan tropis seperti
yang ada di kawasan ini tidak ternilai harganya dan tidak akan pernah tergantikan dengan
cara apapun. Karena itu hutan-hutan itu perlu dilestariakan dan menjadi kewajiban moral kita
semua untuk menjaga kelangsungannya.
Nama-nama jenis tumbuhan dalam buku ini merupakan sebagian dari data yang penulis
kumpulkan selama kurang lebih 23 tahun dalam periode 1994–2017, ketika penulis melakukan
penelitian jangka panjang mengenai ekologi dan konservasi anoa di kawasan ini. Data mengenai
karakteristik habitat, hijaun pakan, dan potensi pakan anoa penulis kumpulkan sebagai bagian
dari Tesis dan Disertasi penulis. Sebanyak 604 jenis tumbuhan disajikan dalam buku ini,
Checklist
JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
mencakup bambu (2 jenis), paku-pakuan (13 jenis), rumput (33 jenis), herba dan tumbuhan
bawah (91 jenis), liana atau tumbuhan merambat (64 jenis), palem-paleman (26 jenis), semak
dan perdu (49 jenis), dan tumbuhan berhabitus pohon atau berkayu (328 jenis).
Setiap jenis tumbuhan terdapat nama daerah atau nama lokal, nama ilmiah, dan suku
(family). Daftar jenis pertama disusun berdasarkan urutan abjad (alfabet) bahasa daerah Tolaki,
dan daftar jenis kedua disusun berdasarkan pengelompokan atau kesamaan family. Nama
daerah yang digunakan umumnya adalah nama jenis tumbuhan dalam bahasa Suku Tolaki
(Tol.), namun beberapa dalam bahasa daerah Muna (Mun.), sebagian kecil dalam bahasa Bugis
(Bug.) dan Indonesia (Ind.). Apabila di belakang nama daerah tidak ada tanda atau keterangan
khusus dari bahasa mana jenis tersebut, berarti itu adalah nama dalam bahasa daerah Tolaki.
Bahasa Tolaki digunakan sebagai bahasa daerah jenis tumbuhan dalam buku ini mengingat
Suku Tolaki adalah penduduk asli di daratan utama Sulawesi Tenggara, mendiami Kabupaten
Konawe Utara, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Kabupaten Kolaka, wilayah Mowewe, Kota
Kendari, dan Asera. Di bagian selatan, Suku Tolaki mendiami Kecamatan Moramo, Kolono,
Laonti, Punggaluku, dan Rano Meeto.
Selama melakukan penelitian, penulis didampingi penduduk asli, baik yang berasal dari
Suku Tolaki maupun dari Suku Muna ketika masuk hutan untuk mengumpulkan data vegetasi.
Penulis juga berinteraksi dan menggali informasi dari penduduk asli yang sering masuk hutan
untuk berbagai keperluan, seperti pengumpul rotan, pencari madu, dan pencari kayu, serta
mereka inilah yang sangat mengetahui seluk beluk hutan serta nama-nama tumbuhan dan
satwa. Sebagian kecil dari jenis tumbuhan tersebut penulis identifikasi langsung di lapangan,
sedangkan sebagian besar dibuat spesimen herbarium untuk diidentifikasi di Herbarium
Bogoriensis, LIPI Bogor.
Sebagai penduduk asli, penduduk Tolaki yang sering masuk hutan dan berinteraksi
dengan hutan dapat mengenal dengan baik setiap jenis tumbuhan. Beberapa jenis memiliki
varietas yang berbeda meskipun secara ilmiah setelah diidentifikasi ternyata memiliki nama
ilmiah yang sama. Sebagai contoh Suku Tolaki dapat membedakan dengan baik tiga jenis
tumbuhan Benono, yaitu Benono Mbae (daun kecil), Benono Ngginiku (daun lebih besar),
dan Benono Wila (daun dan kulit batang keputihan), namun ketiganya memiliki nama ilmiah
yang sama, yaitu Lepisanthes fruticosa (Sapindaceae). Demikian pula dengan jenis Dongi atau
Simpur (Dillenia sp.), Tolaki dapat membedakan tiga jenis atau varietas, yaitu Dongi Mbae
(buah berukuran kecil), Dongi Biasa atau Dongi Ngginiku (buah besar), dan Dongi Langgai
(tidak menghasilkan buah dan dianggap sebagai Dongi jantan) yang mana ketiganya memiliki
nama ilmiah Dillenia ochreata (Dilleniaceae).
Ketika menggabungkan dua suku kata yang berbeda, Tolaki punya kaidah sendiri ketika
mengucapkan atau melafalkannya. Misalnya Benono Bae diucapkan Benono Mbae; Paita Dehu
dilafalkan Paita Ndehu; Lingato Giniku pengucapannya Lingato Ngginiku; Pepundi Kasu
menjadi Pepundi Nggasu sehingga selalu terdengan bunyi ‘n’, ‘m’, ‘ng’ di antara kedua suku
kata tersebut. Nama-nama daerah dalam bahasa Tolaki sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam
2
PENDAHULUAN
daftar jenis tersebut ditulis sebagimana yang terdengar ketika diucapkan atau dilafalkan agar
lebih mudah mengenali jenis tumbuhan tersebut di lapangan. Beberapa jenis tumbuhan
tidak diketahui nama daerahnya, namun spesimen herbariumnya tetap dikumpulkan dan
diidentifikasi di Herbarium Bogoriense sehingga tetap memiliki nama ilmiah dan suku (family).
Jenis-jenis tersebut dikosongkan pada kolom nama daerah (vernacular name). Juga terdapat jenis
tumbuhan yang memiliki nama daerah berbeda, tetapi setelah diidentifikasi ternyata memiliki
nama ilmiah yang berbeda.
Jenis tumbuhan berhabitus pohon yang masuk dalam kelas awet atau kelas kuat 1 atau 2,
diberi tanda (1) dibelakang nama daerah seperti Gofasa (Vitex cofasus) suku Verbenaceae, Eboni
(Diospyros celebica), Kalaero Batu (Diospyros sp.), Kasu Meeto (Diospyros malabarica) suku
Ebenaceae, dan Tembeuwa (Kjellbergiodendron celebicum) dari suku Myrtaceae. Beberapa jenis
tumbuhan endemik dan/atau asli Sulawesi disajikan gambarnya, mencakup bagian batang,
daun, bunga, dan buah.
Analisis vegetasi untuk mengetahui komposisi dan struktur vegetasi dilakukan di salah
satu kawasan konservasi, yaitu Suaka Margasatwa Tanjung Peropa yang berada di ujung
timur-selatan Sulawesi Tenggara. Analisis vegetasi dibuat dengan metode garis berpetak (nested
sampling) sebanyak 186 plot, dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan, struktur
vegetasi mencakup anakan dan tumbuhan bawah (seedling dan undergrowth, ukuran plot 2 m
x 2 m), pancang (sapling, ukuran plot 5 m x 5 m), tiang (pole, ukuran plot 10 m x 10 m), dan
pohon (tree, ukuran plot 20 m x 20 m), serta Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) setiap jenis. Analisis
vegetasi ini dilakukan pada tiga kawasan hutan yang berada di Tanjugng Peropa, yaitu Hutan
Kalobo yang berada di bagian selatan Tanjung Peropa, di mana dilakukan analisis vegetasi
pada empat tipe ekosistem dengan jumlah total plot sebanyak 112, mencakup ekosistem
hutan riparian (26 plot), ekosistem hutan bambu atau tegakan bambu karena didominasi oleh
tumbuhan bambu (17 plot), ekosistem hutan dataran rendah (36 plot), dan hutan dataran
rendah berbatu gamping dan terjal bertebing-tebing (23 plot). Di bagian tengah Tanjung
Peropa, yaitu di blok hutan Lawio atau Awiu pada ketinggian sekitar 900 mdpl, dilakukan
analisis vegetasi dengan sebanyak 17 plot. Di bagian utara kawasan konservasi ini, tepatnya
di blok hutan Tambeanga dan Tanjung Gomo juga dilakukan analisis vegetasi sebanyak 57
plot. Analisis vegetasi selengkapnya disajikan pada bab “komposisi dan struktur vegetasi”.
Dengan jumlah sampel plot dalam analisis vegetasi sebanyak itu (186 plot), diharapkan
bahwa kondisi vegetasi di kawasan tersebut dapat mewakili sehingga jenis-jenis tumbuhan,
serta komposisi dan struktur vegetasi pada setiap blok hutan terwakili. Komposisi dan struktur
vegetasi serta INP pada setiap tipe ekosistem tersebut dibuat dalam bahasa Inggris agar
penggunaannya lebih luas, bukan hanya orang Indonesia, tetapi juga peneliti dari luar.
3
(Disusun Berdasarkan Urutan Abjad dalam Bahasa Daerah
Suku Tolaki)
Abdul Haris Mustari

Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata
Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor
Disusun berdasarkan urutan abjad, bahasa Tolaki (Tol.). Beberapa nama jenis tumbuhan
dalam bahasa Muna (Mun.), Bugis (Bug.), dan Indonesia (Ind.)
Vernacular name Scientific name Family
No
(Nama daerah) (Nama ilmiah) (Suku)
Bambu
Kowuna (Tol.), Tombula cf. Schizostachyum brachycladum
1 Poaceae
(Mun.) Kurz.
Wulo (Tol.),Wuluh/Buluh Schizostachyum lima (Blanco)
2 Poaceae
(Mun.) Merr.
Paku-pakuan
1 Ato ato manu Cyclosorus ecallosus Holt. Thelypteridaceae
2 Kokapi (Mun.) Drynaria sparsisora (Desv.) Moore Polypodiaceae
Phymatodes nigrescens (Blume)
3 Paka Polypodiaceae
J.Sm.
4 Paku (sayur) Diplazium silvaticum (Bory) Sw. Athyriaceae
5 Paku 1 Blechnum orientale L. Blechnaceae
Thelypteris heterocarpa (Blume)
6 Paku 2 Thelypteridaceae
Morton
7 Paku 3 Polypodium persicifolium Desv. Polypodiaceae
8 Paku 4 Pteris longipinnula Wall.ex Agarth Pteridaceae
9 Paku 5 Thelypteris japonica Bch. Thelypteridaceae
10 Paku hada Microlepia sp. Denstaediaceae
Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.)
11 Paku rano Parkeriaceae
Brongn.
12 Pakubuwana Heterogonium alderwereltii Holtt. Aspidiaceae
Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.)
13 Taluede Blechnaceae
Bedd.
Checklist

No
Rumput
1 Ala ala 1/Teki Cyperus digitatus Roxb. Cyperaceae
2 Ala ala 2 Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae
3 Bubu (Tol.), Buluh, Gelagah Sacharum spontaneum L. Poaceae
4 Dotole Carex sp. Cyperaceae
Oryza meyeriana (Zoll&Moritzi)
5 Hulu Mata Karabau (Mun.) Poaceae
Baill.
6 Ia iahu unidentified
Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.)
7 Karewu Rewu (Mun,) Poaceae
P.Beauv.
8 Kopu Kopu Dahu Leptapsis urceolata R.Br. Poaceae
9 Kopu Kopu Manu Scrotochloa urceolata (Roxb.) Judz. Poaceae
10 Kotea Tacca palmata Blume Poaceae
Kura Dodai (Tol.),
11 Paspalum conjugatum Berg. Poaceae
Acembigare (Mun,)
12 Kura Langga Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv. Poaceae
Centotheca latifolia (Osbeck)
13 Kura Langga Poaceae
Trinius
14 Kura Mbae Cyperus kyllinga Endl. Cyperaceae
15 Kura Rano Cynodon dactylon Press Poaceae
16 Paata Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Poaceae
17 Pae Pae Isachne albens Trin. Poaceae
Hypolytrum nemorum Vahl.
18 Palo Palo Cyperaceae
Spreng
19 Papaitan Cyrtococcum patens A.Camus Poaceae
20 Rara Scleria purpurascens Steud. Cyperaceae
21 Rara Scleria sp. Cyperaceae
Rara Mbae (Tol.),
22 Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Cyperaceae
Hilanggoku (Mun.)
23 Rembigare Axonopus compressus Beauv. Poaceae
24 Rumput Nambo Setaria sp. Poaceae
25 Rumput Pera (rano) Panicum repens L. Poaceae
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.)
26 Tio Tio Cyperaceae
Hensch.
27 Toulambe unidentified
28 Ulu Pulu Manu Leptaspis banksii R. Br. Poaceae
6
(Disusun Berdasarkan Urutan Abjad dalam Bahasa Daerah Suku Tolaki)

No
Una (Tol.), Alang alang
29 Imperata cylindrical (L.) Raeuschel Cyperaceae
(Ind.)
30 Unanggandi unidentified Poaceae
31 Wonta 1 Cyperus haspan L. Cyperaceae
32 Wonta 2 Cyperus sp. Cyperaceae
33 - Oplismenus compositus Beauv. Poaceae
Tumbuhan Bawah/ Herba
1 Balongga Alseodaphne sp. Lauraceae
2 Bandulo Wedelia wallichii Less. Asteraceae
3 Bomba Wuta Maranta sp. Marantaceae
4 cf. Komba komba Wedelia biflora DC. Asteraceae
5 cf. Silibionggadue Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae
6 cf. Tauba Pteris multiaurita Ag. Polypodiaceae
7 Dalisi Actinodaphne glomerata Nees. Lauraceae
8 Doule Eranthemum bicolor Schrank. Acanthaceae
9 Gure gure Hyptis capitata Jacq. Labiatae
10 Hahi hahi Ngisi Solanum verbascifolium L. Solanaceae
11 Kadapai Amorphophallus sp. Araceae
Pseudoeranthemum
12 Kaeo Acanthaceae
acuminatissimum (Miq.) Radlk.
13 Kahi Kahi Leptaspis urceolata R. Br. Poaceae
14 Kalewuta Aglaonema simplex Blume Araceae
15 Kateba Elephantopus cf. mollis H.&K. Asteraceae
16 Katone Tone (Mun.) Calathea sp. Maranthaceae
17 Koa Ternstromia toquian Vill. Theaceae
18 Komba Komba Euphatorium odoratum L. Asteraceae
19 Kombe Kombe Synedrella nudiflora Gaertn. Asteraceae
20 Komumu Selaginella plana Hieron Selaginellaceae
Konggamo (Tol.), Komea
21 Rubus moluccanus L. Rosaceae
(Mun,)
22 Kosimbo cf Hedycium Zingiberaceae
23 Kotiwu Solanum torvum Swartz. Solanaceae
24 Kotiwu Ngginiku Solanum lasiocarpum Dun. Solanaceae
25 Koumba Eurycles sylvestris Salisb. Amaryllidaceae
26 Koumba Madhuca sp. Sapotaceae
7
Checklist

No
Kura Doalo (Tol.),Babadotan
27 Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae
(Ind.)
28 Kuri Kurisa Myriophyllum dicoceum F. Muell. Haloragaceae
29 Kuri Kurisa Pemphis acidula Forst. Lythraceae
30 Lae Alpinia sp. Zingiberaceae
31 Laleuso Pollia thyrsiflora Endl. Ex Hassk. Commelinaceae
32 Lasandumoko Scurrula sp. Syn. Loranthus sp. Loranthaceae
Naha Iwoi (Tol.), Pandan
33 Pandanus sp. Pandanaceae
(Ind.)
34 Naha Kasu Pandanus sp. Pandanaceae
Donax cunnaeformis (G.Forst.)
35 Nese (Tol.), Nena (Mun.) Maranthaceae
K.Sch.
Callicarpa pachyolada
36 Onai/Nai Lamiaceae
Quisumb & Merr.
37 Palo Lambondiana Solanum cf. junghunii Mig. Solanaceae
38 Panggu Panggu Christella papilio (Hope) Holt. Thelypteridaceae
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.)
39 Pecut Kuda (Ind.) Verbenaceae
Vahl
40 Polonggina Bischofia javanica Blume Euphorbiaceae
Pundikia (Tol.), Pisang hutan
41 Musa sp. Musaceae
(Ind.)
Rumbio (Tol.), Rumpio
42 Acrosticum aureum L. Pteridaceae
(Mun.), Warakas (Ind.)
43 Saenea Memecylon edule Roxb. Melastomataceae
44 Sangi, Usangi Broussenatia papyrifera Moraceae
45 Sena Aglaia cf.stipulata (Griff.) Theob. Meliaceae
46 Sente Alocasia macrorrhiza Araceae
47 Silamba Langgai Hemigraphis betonicifolia Bremek. Acanthaceae
48 Sirih Lurik (Ind.) Scindapus pictus Hassk. Araceae
49 Suruhan Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth. Piperaceae
50 Taena Timonius sp. Rubiaceae
51 Talo Talo Schismatoglottis sp. Araceae
52 Tamburusio langgai Breynia cernua Muell.Arg. Euphorbiaceae
53 Tameau Langgai Physalis minima L. Solanaceae
Pleomele angustifolia (Roxb.)
54 Tando Ea Liliacea
N.E.Br.
55 Tangge Daso Erechtites praealta Rafin. Asteraceae
8

No
Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss.ex
56 Tatabako (Mun,) Asteraceae
Bubl. Rohr.
Lygodium circinnatum (Burm.f.)
57 Tauba (Tol.), Onentu (Mun,) Lygodiaceae
Sw.
Taumo (Tol.), Sembung
58 Blumea balsamifera DC. Asteraceae
(Ind.)
59 Tawando Moronene Phacelophrynium borneense Val. Marantaceae
Tilindili (Tol.), Santi santi
60 Acanthus ilicifolius L. Acanthaceae
(Mun.) (mangrove)
61 Tokoalinda Pachystachys sp. Acanthaceae
62 Tokoalinda Ngginiku Pachystachys coccinea Nees. Acanthaceae
63 We Wai Flagellaria indica L. Flagellariaceae
64 Woro Woro, Roramo Saurauia pendula Blume Actinidiaceae
65 - Actephila javanica Miq. Euphorbiaceae
66 - Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume Amaranthaceae
67 - Aglaia cf.lawii Meliaceae
68 - Aglaonema commutatum Schott Araceae
Amorphophallus campanulatus
69 - Araceae
(Roxb.) Blume
70 - Barleria prionitis L. Acanthaceae
71 - Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae
72 - Callicarpa longifolia Lam. Verbenaceae
73 - Elastotema rostratum (Blume) Urticaceae
74 - Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Araceae
75 - Flemingia strobilifera (L.) Aiton Fabaceae
76 - Geophylla repens (L..) I.M. Johnst Rubiaceae
77 - Hemigraphis bicolor Boerl. Acanthaceae
78 - Hemigraphis sp. Acanthaceae
Homalonema occulta (Lour.)
79 - Araceae
Schott
Isoglosa dichotoma (Hassk.)
80 - Acanthaceae
B.Hansen
Lophopetalum cf javanum (Zoll.)
81 - Celastraceae
Turcz.
82 - Maesa ramentosa Wall. Myrsinaceae
83 - Memecylon garcinioides Blume Melastomataceae
84 - Phrynium sp. Marantaceae
9
Checklist

No
85 - Phsycotria sp. Rubiaceae
86 - Pseuduvaria sp. Annonaceae
87 - Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels. Menispermataceae
88 - Salacia macrophylla Blume Celastraceae
89 - Salacia sp. Hippocratiaceae
Schismatoglottis calyptra (Roxb.)
90 - Araceae
Z. & M.
91 - Tricalysia singularis K.Schum Rubiaceae
Liana (Tumbuhan Merambat)
1 Balandete Merremia peltata Merr. Convolvulaceae
2 Bene Dioscorea sp. Dioscoreaceae
Bene Wila (Tol.), Canar
3 Smilax sp. Liliacea
(Ind.)
4 Bite Oniti Piper amboinense C.DC. Piperaceae
5 Hao (Liana) Ahi Ahi Leea angulata Korth.ex Miq. Leeaceae
6 Hao Ani Spatholobus ferrugineus Bth. Papilionaceae
7 Hao Benggaila Uncaria gambir Roxb. Rubiaceae
Ampelocissus arachoidea
8 Hao Bere Bere Vitaceae
(Hausskn.) Planch
9 Hao cf Kasumeeto Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels. Menispermataceae
10 Hao Hahi Ngisi Iodes cirrhosa Turcz. Icacinaceae
11 Hao Kame Kame unidentified
12 Hao Kori Derris trifoliata Lour. Fabaceae
Phytocrene macrophylla Blume var.
13 Hao Lahu Lahu Icacinaceae
dasycarpa (Miq.)
Lophopetalum cf. javanum (Zoll.)
14 Hao Lobani Celastraceae
Turcz.
Nothocnide repanda (Blume)
15 Hao Lombinga Urticaceae
Blume
16 Hao Mata Wawi Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae
17 Hao Mbai Pai unidentified
18 Hao Mbaso Paso Artabotrys uncinatus Merr. Annonaceae
Pithecellobium umbellatum (Vahl.)
19 Hao Mbeleuti Mimosaceae
Bth
20 Hao Morobite Bauhinia kockiana Korth. Fabaceae
21 Hao Morolemo Capparis sp. Capparidaceae
22 Hao Munde Munde Capparis callophylla Blume Capparidaceae
10

No
23 Hao Nambo Piper betle L. Piperaceae
Millettia splendidissima Blume
24 Hao Ndanggambaa Fabaceae
ex.Miq.
25 Hao Ndaone Ngginiku Cucumis cf. melo Blanco Cucurbitaceae
26 Hao Ndawahuko Gnetum latifolium Blume Gnetaceae
27 Hao Ndowula Stephania sp. Menispermaceae
28 Hao Nggapu Ficus sp. Moraceae
29 Hao Nggokowuku Derris sp. Papilionaceae
Hao Nggonduri (Tol.), Putri
30 Mimosa pudica Linn. Mimosaceae
malu (Ind.)
31 Hao Nggulewu Cocinnia indica Wight.&Arn. Cucurbitaceae
32 Hao Nggulipapo Quisqualis indica Blanco Combretaceae
Hao Ngguni (Tol.),Akar
33 Arcangelisia flava Merr. Menispermataceae
Kuning (Ind.)
Teratophyllum rotundifolium (Rb.)
34 Hao Nginda Lomariopsidaceae
Holt.
35 Hao Olipa Pothoidium lobbianum Schott. Araceae
36 Hao Pate Pate Una Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. Fabaceae
37 Hao Pepundi Urona discolor Vahl. Annonaceae
38 Hao Silamea Cissus adnata Roxb. Vitaceae
39 Hao Silore Tetrastigma sp. Vitaceae
40 Hao Tambololi Trichosanthes sp. Cucurbitaceae
41 Hao Tulanggani Willughbeia sp. Apocynaceae
Hao Ua Ua (Tol.), Wua
42 Mucuna gigantea (Wild.) DC. Papilionaceae
(Mun.), Heu (Bug.)
Pithecollobium cf. celebicum
43 Hao Wilalo Mimosaceae
Kostrm.
44 Hao Wuti Phytocrene sp. Icacinaceae
45 Jenis Liana (Hao) Casearia sp. Flacourtiaceae
46 Kaeo 1 Oxymitra cuneiformis Zoll Annonaceae
47 Kaopi Tetracera scandens (Linn.) Merr. Dilleniaceae
48 Lawue Vigna marina (Burm.f.)Merr. Papilionaceae
49 Lingato Beke Fleurya interrupta Gaud Urticaceae
50 Lingato Hao Ficus sp. Moraceae
51 Naha Hao Freycinetia sp. Pandanaceae
Lepistemon cf.binectariferum
52 Ohao Convolvulacea
(Wall.) O.K.
11
Checklist

No
53 Sepemori Zyzyphus horsfieldii Miq. Rhamnaceae
54 Sirih Hutan Piper cf. betle L. Piperaceae
55 Tali Bajo Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeuschel Sapindaceae
56 Tasea1 Phytocrene hirsuta Blume Icacinaceae
57 Tasea2 Tetracera sp. Dilleniaceae
58 Tolebungga Pothos rumphii Schott. Araceae
59 Ui Watu Dioscorea alata Blume Dioscoreaceae
60 Wikoro (Tol.),Gadung (Ind.) Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Dioscoreaceae
Archidendron ellipticum (Blume)
61 Wilalo Dahu Mimosaceae
Nielsen
Archidendron jiringa (Jack)
62 Wilalo Daun Mimosaceae
Nielsen
63 - Atuna racemosa Raf. Rosaceae
64 - Pithecollobium laxiflorum Benth. Mimosaceae
Palem
1 Agel/Lanu Corypha utan Lamk. Arecaceae
Wako (Tol.), Ghorindi
2 Pigafetta filaris (Giseke) Becc. Arecaceae
(Mun.)
3 Kombu Pinanga kuhlii Blume Arecaceae
Komuno (Tol.), Kombungo Livistonia rotundifolia (Lam.)
4 Arecaceae
(Mun.) Mart.
5 Panggo (Tol.), Nipah (ind.) Nypa fruticans Wurmb. Arecaceae
Rema (Tol.), Kowala (Mun.),
6 Arenga pinnata Wurmb. Arecaceae
Enau (Ind.)
7 Tawaro (Tol.),Sagu (Ind.) Metroxylon sagu Rottb. Arecaceae
8 Wako/Owako Caryota mitis Lour Arecaceae
We (Rotan) Bao, Rotan
9 Calamus zollingeri Beccari Arecaceae
Batang (Ind.)
10 We Alomanu Calamus sp. Arecaceae
11 We Kabe Calamus sp. Arecaceae
12 We Kahi Calamus sp. Arecaceae
13 We Hoa/We Kotela Calamus sp. Arecaceae
We Kilala (Tol.), Lamba/ Calamus ornatus var.celebicus
14 Arecaceae
Lambang (Mun.) Beccari
15 We Noko Daemonorops robusta Warb. Arecaceae
We Tungga (Tol.),Opisi
16 Gronophyllum sp. Arecaceae
(Mun.)
12

No
17 We Pai Calamus sp. Arecaceae
18 We Samba Korthalsia rigida Blume Arecaceae
19 We Tarompu Calamus sp. Arecaceae
20 We Tohiti Calamus symphysipus Becc. Arecaceae
21 We Toromotaha Calamus sp. Arecaceae
22 We Tuu Calamus inops Heyne ex Beccari Arecaceae
23 We Umili Calamus sp. Arecaceae
24 We Watu Calamus sp. Arecaceae
25 We Wulo Calamus sp. Arecaceae
26 Wiu Licuala helleriana Becc. Arecaceae
Semak dan Perdu
Ardisia myristicifolia Blume
1 Bakota Myrsinaceae
ex.Scheff
Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb.)
2 Benono Mbae Sapindaceae
Leenh.
3 Benono Ngginiku Sapindaceae
Leenh.
4 Benono Wila Sapindaceae
Leenh.
Ampelocissus cf.arachnoidea
5 Bere Bere Langgai Vitaceae
Planch.
Cudramia cochinchinensis (Lour.)
6 Bidara 1 (Mun.) Moraceae
Kudo et Masamune
Plectronia horrida (Blume)
7 Bidara 2 (Mun.) Rubiaceae
K.Schum.
Bila (Tol.), Kodu (Mun.),
22 Crescentia cujete Billd. Ex Beurl. Bignoniaceae
Maja (Ind.)
10 cf.Kelor Dalbergia lanceolarius L.f. Fabaceae
13 Hao (Tol),Kaeo (Mun.) Uvaria celebica Scheff. Annonaceae
12 Kabuli Buli (Mun.) Glochidion arborescens Blume Euphorbiaceae
14 Kaleuwi Petunga microcarpa (Blume) DC. Rubiaceae
15 Kamoni Ndina Aglaia odorata Lour. Meliaceae
16 Lemo Lemo Salacia macrophylla Blume Hippocratiaceae
17 Lempeni (Ind.) Ardisia humilis Blume Myrsinaceae
Dendrocnide microstigma
18 Lingato Manu Urticaceae
(Gaudich.ex Wedd.) Chew
13
Checklist

No
Dendrocnide cf. sinuata (Blume)
19 Lingato Ndina Ana Urticaceae
Chew
Dendrocnide cf. peltata (Blume)
20 Lingato Ngginiku Urticaceae
Miq.
Lombinga (Tol.), Pulus
21 Laportea stimulans Miq. Urticaceae
(Ind.)
22 Lowaru (Tol.),Bontu (Mun.) Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Malvaceae
23 Lowaru Watu Thespesia populnea Sol.ex Correa Malvaceae
Munde Munde (Tol.),
24 Capparis micrantha A. Rich. Capparidaceae
Kalemo lemo (Mun.)
25 Ombana Watu Mallotus oblongifolius Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae
26 Pepundi Desmos sp. Annonaceae
27 Pepundi Langgai Uvaria littoralis L. Annonaceae
28 Rano Casearia grewiifolia Vent. Flacourtiaceae
Rodu, Urodu
29 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae
(Tol.),Harendong (Ind.)
Seru Seru Bembe (Tol.),
30 Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae
Pattiwala (Mun.)
31 Siapu Trema orientalis Blume Ulmaceae
32 Solumba Urena lobata L. Malvaceae
33 Sosoreu Leea cf.aculata Leeaceae
Sosoreu (Tol.), Paratongko
34 Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Leeaceae
(Mun,)
35 Sosoreu Mewulu Leea aequata L. Leeaceae
36 Takalea Iwoi Leea sp. Leeaceae
37 Takalea Sambu Leea aculeata Blume ex.Spreng Leeaceae
38 Tamburusio langgai Sauropus androgynus Merr. Euphorbiaceae
Helminthosthachys zeylanica (L.)
39 Tandiso Ophioglossaceae
Hook.
Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.)
40 Tuduho Nggalopua Verbenaceae
W.G. Walpers.
41 Tumbu Momea Plachonella obovata (R.Br.) Pierre Sapotaceae
42 Ulandusa Pentace polyantha Hassk. Tiliaceae
Wanggudu (Tol.), Mengkudu
43 Morinda citrifolia L. Rubiaceae
(Ind.)
44 Wunggai Aro Piper arcuatum Blume Piperaceae
45 - Ardisia forstenii Scheff. Myrsinaceae
14

No
46 - Cleistanthus cf.hirsutus Hook.f. Euphorbiaceae
47 - Lepionurus sylvestris Blume Ophiliaceae
48 - Lunasia sp. Rutaceae
49 - Maesa perlarius (Lour.) Merr. Myrsinaceae
50 - Rondia sp. Rubiaceae
51 - Urena sp. Malvaceae
Pohon (Berkayu)
1 Aloha Nggadue Embelia javanica DC. Myrsinaceae
2 Alu Alu Athrophyllum diversifolium Blume Araliaceae
3 Ambanduke Hibiscus cf.rosasinensis L. Malvaceae
4 Api Api (mangrove) Avicennia alba Blume Verbenaceae
Avicennia marina (Forsskal)
5 Api Api (mangrove) Verbenaceae
Vierh.
6 Asana/Angsana (1) Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Fabaceae
7 Ate Ndina Drypetes neglecta Pax.&Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae
Baddo (Bug.), Kesambi
8 Schleicera oleosa (Lour.) Oken Sapindaceae
(Ind.)
9 Bako (mangrove) Rhizophora mucronata Lam. Rhizophoraceae
10 Bakung bakung (Ind.) Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. Goodeniaceae
Dolicandrone spathaceae (L.F.)
11 Bambaelo (Mun.) Bignoniaceae
K.Schum.
12 Behu (Mun.) Evodia speciosa K.et.Z. Rutaceae
13 Belengana Pterospermum diversifolium Blume Sterculiaceae
Nephelium rambutan-ake (Labill.)
Leenh.
15 Benua/Binuang Octomelos sumatrana Miq. Datiscaceae
16 Beringin Ficus obscura Blume Moraceae
17 Beringin (Daun Panjang) Ficus virens Ait. Moraceae
18 Beringin (Indah) Ficus caulocarpa Miq. Moraceae
Besulo (Tol.), Bindari
19 Canarium sp. Burseraceae
(Mun.), Damar
Callophyllum soulatri Burm.ex
20 Bintangur Clusiaceae
F.Mull.
Calophyllum membranaceum
21 Bitai Clusiaceae
Gardn.&Champ.
22 Bite Bite Elastotema sinuata (Blume) Hassk. Urticaceae
23 Bitti Komba (1) Vitex sp. Verbenaceae
15
Checklist

No
24 Bolili/Bololi Adinandra brassii Kob. Theaceae
25 Bolo Ndina Adinandra subunguiculata Kob. Theaceae
Bolongita (Tol.), Wonolita
26 Tetrameles nudiflora R.Br. Datiscaceae
(Mun.)
27 Bonearate (1) Vitex cf. glabrata R.Br. Verbenaceae
Dysoxylum arborescens (Blume)
28 Bose Bose Meliaceae
Miq.
29 Bosilu Aglaia sp. Meliaceae
30 Bote Bote Callicarpa longifolia Lamk. Verbenaceae
Ficus glandulifera (Wall. Ex Miq.)
31 cf Daun Nangka Moraceae
King
32 cf Eugenia Syzygium luzonense Merr. Myrtaceae
Cryptocarya infectori (Blume)
33 cf Homalium Lauraceae
Miq.
34 cf. Ampulajeng Ixora imitants Bram. Rubiaceae
Glycosmis cochinchinensis Pierre ex
35 cf. Kasu Wai Rutaceae
Engl.
36 cf. Kepuh Sterculia foetida L. Sterculiaceae
37 cf. Lobani Ixora grandifolia Zoll.&Merr. Rubiaceae
38 Dalisi Ficus montana Burm. F. Moraceae
39 Dambaka Cerbera odollam Gaertn. Apocynaceae
Syzygium cinnamomeum (Vidal)
40 Dambu Dambu Myrtaceae
Merril
Donggala (Tol.), Pude
41 Callophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae
(Bug.), Bintangur (Ind.)
Dillenia ochreata (Miq.)
42 Dongi (Tol.), Soni (Mun.) Dilleniaceae
Teysm.&Binnend.ex Martelli
43 Dongi Langgai Wormia ochreata Miq. Dilleniaceae
44 Dongi Ngginiku Dilleniaceae
45 Donipu Schefflera elliptica (Blume) Harms Araliaceae
Castanopsis argentea (Blume)
46 Eha Fagaceae
A.Dc.
47 Elemeo Ficus sp Moraceae
Ewu/Wewu (Tol.) Saru
48 Planchonia valida (Blume) Blume Lecythidaceae
Robine (Mun,)
16

No
Polyaltia cauliflora Hook.
49 Gaharu Langgai Annonaceae
F.&Thomson
50 Gunung Dysoxylum sp. Meliaceae
Pisonia umbellifera (J.R.Forst&G.
51 Hehea Walu Nyctaginaceae
Forst.) Seem
52 Hehea Walu Pittosporum sp. Pittosporaceae
53 Hokio Watu Acronychia trifoliata Zoll & Morr. Rutaceae
Cleistanthus sumatranus (Miq.)
54 Holea Euphorbiaceae
Mull.Arg.
Holea Mbute (Tol.), Kaololo
55 Chydenanthus sp. Lecythidaceae
(Mun.)
56 Hopa (Tol.), Seppang (Bug.) Caesalpinia sappan L. Fabaceae
Huhubi (Tol.), Mbaloba
57 Artocarpus dasyphyllus Miq. Moraceae
(Mun.)
Huko (Tol.), Ousa (Mun.),
58 Gnetum gnemon L. Gnetaceae
Melinjo (Ind.)
59 Jati (Mun.) Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae
60 Jeunjing Albizia falcataria (L.) Fostberg Fabaceae
61 Kabuko Syzygium sp. Myrtaceae
62 Kahule Daun Kecil Ficus sp. Moraceae
63 Kahule Hule (Mun.) Ficus altissima Blume Moraceae
64 Kalaero Biasa Diopyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel Ebenaceae
65 Kalaero Batu Diospyros sp. Ebenaceae
Eboni/Kayu Hitam
66 Diospyros celebica Bakh. Ebenaceae
Sulawesi(1)
Kaloba (Tol.), Ampulajeng
67 Inocarpus fagiferus Fosb. Fabaceae
(Bug.)
68 Kamoni Langgai Syzygium acuminatissimum DC. Myrtaceae
69 Kandu (Mun.) Tabernaemontana macrocarpa Jack Apocynaceae
70 Kandunga (Tol.) Symplocos cf. rubiginosa Wall. Symplocaceae
71 Kapu Ficus tinctoria G.Forst. Moraceae
Kapu Boru (batang paling
72 Ficus sp. Moraceae
besar/tinggi)
Kapu Dawi Dawi (daun
73 kecil, buah kecil, tdk tinggi, Ficus cf.involucrata Blume Moraceae
rapat di bawah)
17
Checklist

No
Kapu Lesea Hoa (daun lebar,
74 Ficus drupacea Thunb. Moraceae
buah besar)
75 Kapu Merica Ficus hirta Vahl. Moraceae
76 Kapu Wone Ficus sp. Moraceae
77 Kapuk Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.) Bombacaceae
78 Kasampalu (Mun.) Trigonopleura malayana Hook.f. Euphorbiaceae
Kase (Tol.), Raqulemba
79 Chisocheton ceramicus Miq. Meliaceae
(Mun.)
80 Kasu Api Api Symplocos sp. Symplocaceae
Dysoxylum alliaceum (Blume)
81 Kasu Balongga Meliaceae
Blume
82 Kasu Borubi Cleistanthus sp. Euphorbiaceae
Xanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.)
83 Kasu Mbondiana Rutaceae
DC.
Kasu Meeto (Tol.), Gito Gito
84 Diopyros pilosanthera Blanco Ebenaceae
(Mun.)
85 Kasu Ngginiku Aglaia argentea Blume Meliaceae
86 Kasu Olimbopo Caesalpinia pulcherissima (L.) Sw. Caesalpiniaceae
87 Kasu Pai unidentified
88 Kasu Ta Canarium sp. Burseraceae
Kasu Tanu 1 (Tol.), Ohia
89 Homalium foetidum Bth. Flacourtiaceae
(Mun,)
90 Kasu Tanu 2 Drypetes infectori Euphorbiaceae
91 Kasu Ulaeo Psychotria cf.robusta Blume Annonaceae
92 Kasu Ule Mimosa sp. Fabaceae
Xylopia caudata
93 Kasu Wai Annonaceae
Hook.f.&Thomson
Mallotus moluccanus (L.) Mull.
94 Kasu Wila Euphorbiaceae
Arg.
95 Kasu Wurokou (1) Vitex pinnata L. Verbenaceae
96 Katolo Tolobe (Mun.) Syzygium sp. Myrtaceae
97 Kawo (Tol.), Rombo (Mun.) unidentified
98 Kedongdong (Ind.) Spondias pinnata (L.F.) Kurzt. Anacardiaceae
99 Kikima Sterculia macrophylla Vent. Sterculiaceae
100 Kilowu Chisosheton sp. Meliaceae
Kokabu (Tol.),Kalengka Anthocephalus macrophyllus
101 Rubiaceae
(Mun.), Jabon (Kuntze) Havil.
18

No
Kokopusu (Tol.), Kokobuta
102 Excoecaria agallocha L. Euphorbiaceae
(Mun.)
Kolaka Wai (Tol.), Kolasa
103 Parinari corymbosa (Blume) Miq. Rosaceae
(Mun.), Maracope (Bug.)
104 Kole Mitrephora cf.polypyrene Miq. Annonaceae
105 Kole Grewia microcos L. Tiliaceae
106 Koleuhu Euphorianthus longifolius Radlk. Sapindaceae
107 Kolina Cinnamomum celebicum Miq. Lauraceae
108 Kolipu Lithocarpus sp. Fagaceae
Kolumba (Tol.), Kalumpa
109 Sterculia foetida L. Sterculiaceae
(Mun.), Kalumpang (Bug.)
Konduri (Tol.), Moniwa/
110 Parkia roxburghii G.Don Fabaceae
Mohiwa (Mun.)
111 Korongeo Agathis celebica (Koord.) Warb. Araucariaceae
Korumba (Tol.), Sulewe
112 unidentified unidentified
(Mun.)
113 Kote Lophopetalum fimbriatum Wight. Celastraceae
Phsycotria viridiflora Reinw.
114 Kulahi Rubiaceae
Ex.Blume
Kulimonifi (Tol.) Saulembi Rhodamnia mulleri (Korth.)
115 Myrtaceae
(Mun.) Blume
Kulipapo (Tol.), Gofasa/Fafa
116 Vitex cofassus Reinw ex Blume Verbenaceae
(Mun.), Bitti (Bug.) (1)
117 Kuma Payena cf.lucida DC. Sapotaceae
118 Kuma Biasa (1) Litsea grandis Hook.f Lauraceae
119 Kuma Watu Mitrephora celebica Scheff. Annonaceae
Kuya (Tol.), Tongkoya
120 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Apocinaceae
(Mun.), Pulai (Ind.)
121 Lahu Lahu Meliosma nitida Blume Sabiaceae
Melanolepis multiglandulosa
122 Lapingkapu (Mun.) Euphorbiaceae
(Reinw.ex Blume) Rchb.f.&Zoll.)
Lara/Nona (Tol.), Kayu Besi
123 Metrosideros petiolata Koord. Myrtaceae
(Ind.) (1)
124 Lemon Hutan Clausena sp. Rutaceae
125 Lepo Phanera sp. Fabaceae
126 Libonu (Tol.), Libo (Mun.) Ficus septica Burm.f. Moraceae
127 Lobani Nauclea calycina Bartl. ex DC. Rubiaceae
19
Checklist

No
128 Lobani Mbute Nauclea obtusa Blume Rubiaceae
129 Lolinggondaro Goniothalamus sp. Annonaceae
130 Lolo (Tol.), Lele (Mun.) Gossampinus malabarica Merr. Bombacaceae
Loluna (Tol.), Onula/
131 Cordia myxa Borraginaceae
Wonula (Mun.)
132 Longahi Acalypha boehmerioides Miq. Euphorbiaceae
Longgida (Tol.), Lingkida
133 Nauclea orientalis L. Rubiaceae
(Mun.)
134 Lowaru (Tol.), Bontu (Mun.) Hibiscus tiliaceus Malvaceae
135 Lowaru Watu Croton argyratus Blume Malvaceae
136 Lumara Bao Mallotus sp. Euphorbiaceae
Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull.
137 Macaranga (Ind.) Euphorbiaceae
Arg.
138 Mandula Garcinia dulcis Kurz. Clusiaceae
Drypetes cf. globosa Pax. &
139 Mehere Euphorbiaceae
K.Hoffm.
140 Menambo Garcinia tetrandra Pierre Clusiaceae
141 Morobite Celtis phillipensis Blanco Ulmaceae
142 Morombinisi Trigonostemon sp. Euphorbiaceae
Morone/Moroone (Tol.), Koordersiodendron pinnatum
143 Anacardiaceae
Kayu Bugis (Ind.) (Blanco.) Merr.
Motolindi (Tol), Soliti
144 Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Rhizophoraceae
(Mun.)
145 Nangka Artocarpus integra Merr. Moraceae
146 Ngato Timonius stipulosus Boerl. Rubiaceae
147 Ngawe Ficus sp. Moraceae
Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb.ex
148 Nginda Moraceae
Hornem.
149 Nguru (Tol.), Rumu (Mun.) Tarrietia riedeliana Oliv. Flacourtiaceae
150 Nguru Ndahi Heritiera littoralis Dryand. Sterculiaceae
151 Nonohu (Tol.) unidentified
152 Nyatoh (1) Palaquium omboinensis Burck. Sapotaceae
Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.)
153 Nyirih batu/sirih (Ind.) Meliaceae
M.Roem
Oloho (Tol.), Ogholo
154 Spondias malayana Kosterm. Anacardiaceae
(Mun.)
20

No
Ombuli (Tol.), Kontawu
155 Xylocarpus granatum Koen. Meliaceae
(Mun.)
156 Orope/Rope Drypetes celebica Pax.&Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae
Orope Meeto ((Tol.), Korope Ellatostachys verrucosa (Blume)
157 Sapindaceae
(Mun.) Radlk.
158 Orope Ndina (Tol.) Miscocarpus sundaicus Blume Sapindaceae
159 Orope Wila Nephelium mutabile Blume Sapindaceae
160 Paita Lunasia amara Blanco Rutaceae
161 Paita Ndehu Lunasia amara Blanco Rutaceae
Gymnachranthera paniculata
162 Pala Hutan Myristicaceae
(A.DC.) Warb.Var.
163 Pangi (Tol.), Logasi (Mun.) Pangium edule Reinw. Flacourtiaceae
164 Pedengisi Garcinia balica Miq. Clusiaceae
165 Pedengisi, Dede Meiho Garcinia cf..dioica Blume Clusiaceae
Syzygium cf.polycephaloides
166 Pepara Myrtaceae
(C.B.Rob.) Merr.
167 Pepundi Nggasu Alphonsea javanica Scheff. Annonaceae
168 Pokae, Rante Rante Ficus sp. Moraceae
169 Pololi Lithocarpus sp. Fagaceae
170 Pondo Undo Cryptocarya cf.kahamar Teschn. Lauraceae
171 Ponto Litsea firma Hook.f. Lauraceae
172 Pooti Syzygium sp. Myrtaceae
173 Poropa/Peropa/Beropa Sonneratia alba J. Sm. Sonneratiaceae
174 Puta/Putat Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng. Lecythidaceae
Pute Pute Mata (Tol.), Lapi
175 Macaranga gigantea Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae
(Mun.)
176 Rambutan Hutan (Ind.) Nephelium sp. Sapindaceae
177 Rao/Rau Dracontomelon mangiferum Anacardiaceae
178 Rawa Anthocepalus sp.(sejenis jabon) Rubiaceae
179 Roda Erythrina subumbrans Merr. Fabaceae
180 Rogo Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae
Poikilospermum suaveolens
181 Roramo Moraceae
(Blume) Merr
Ruruhi (Tol.), Mbebele
182 Syzygium cf.zollingerianum Myrtaceae
(Mun.)
183 Ruruhi Ndawa Eugenia formosa K&V Myrtaceae
184 Ruruhi Ndina Syzygium cf. astromides CB.Rob. Myrtaceae
21
Checklist

No
185 Ruruhi Nggasu Eugenia sp. Myrtaceae
186 Sainea/Poe Canarium hirsutum Willd. Burseraceae
187 Samba Metado Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. Myristicaceae
188 Samba Saumeeto Vernonia arborea Ham. Asteraceae
Saru (Tol.), Karematu
189 Dehaasia caesia Blume Lauraceae
(Mun.)
190 See/Se/Osee Evodia celebica Hats. Rutaceae
191 Sejenis Kayu Hitam Diospyros maritima Blume Ebenaceae
192 Silae (Tol.), Uru (Bug.) Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb. Magnoliaceae
193 Silamba Langgai Cissus haslata (Miq.) Planch. Vitaceae
194 Silibionggadue Ficus sp. Moraceae
195 Sio Evodia sp. Rutaceae
196 Sisio1 Cratoxylon celebicum Blume Hypericaceae
Cratoxylum formosum (Jack.)
197 Sisio2 Clusiaceae
Dryer.
Pelthorum pterocarpum (DC.)
198 Soga (Tol.) Caesalpiniaceae
Backer
199 Sokibiri Pouteria sp. Sapotaceae
Solanga (Tol.), Welagho Xylopia malayana
200 Annonaceae
(Mun.) Hook.f.&Thomson
201 Solumba Glycosmis pentaphylla Correa Rutaceae
202 Susua Meeto/Susua Buaya Anaxagorea javanica Blume Annonaceae
203 Susua Wila Aquilaria malaccenis Annonaceae
Erioglossum rubiginosum (Roxb.)
204 Taha (Mun,) Sapindaceae
Blume
Taipa (Tol.), Foo (Mun.),
205 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae
Mangga
206 Taisui Garcinia morella Desr. Clusiaceae
Takulendahi (Tol.), Wou
207 Garuga floribunda Decne Burseraceae
(Mun.), Berru (Bug.)
Taliawa (Tol.), Mande
208 Oroxylon indicum (L.) Kurz. Bignoniaceae
Mandea (Mun.)
209 Taloe Cynometra ramiflora L. Fabaceae
210 Tambailere Brucea javanica Merr. Simaroubaceae
211 Tanda Ule Crataeva nurvala Buch. Ham. Capparidaceae
212 Tandangolu Glochidion rubrum Blume Euphorbiaceae
22

No
Tando (Tol.), Bolosigo
213 Mimusops bojeri A.DC. Sapotaceae
(Mun.), Tanjung (Ind.)
214 Tanggeambali Homalium tomentosum Benth. Flacourtiaceae
Syzygium lineatum (DC.) Merril
215 Tarapasi Myrtaceae
&Perry
Drypetes minahassae Pax &
216 Tawa Huko Euphorbiaceae
K.Hoffm.
217 Tawa Mokora Cryptocarya sp. Lauraceae
218 Tawa Momea Macaranga tanarius Muell.Arg. Euphorbiaceae
219 Tawo Duabanga moluccana Blume Sonneratiaceae
220 Tipulu Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. Moraceae
221 Tiwala (Tol.), Kalapi (Mun.) Kalappia celebica Kosterm. Fabaceae
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.)
222 Tofa (Mun.) Euphorbiaceae
Muell.Arg
223 Toho (Tol.), Kumbou (Mun.) Artocarpus sp. Moraceae
Tokulo (Tol.), Wontoge
224 Kleinhovia hospita Linn. Sterculiaceae
(Mun.), Paliasa (Bug.)
225 Tolihe Barringtonia sp. Lecythidaceae
Barringtonia acutangula (L.)
226 Tolihe Manu (Tol.) Lecythidaceae
Gaertn.
227 Kokoleo (Mun.) Terminalia sp. Combretaceae
Toluto (Tol.), Talingge Pterocymbium tinctorium (Blanco)
228 Sterculiaceae
Lingge (Mun.) Merr.
Tombeua/Tembeuwa (Tol.), Kjellbergiodendron celebicum
229 Myrtaceae
Tembeua (Mun.) (1) (Koord.) Merr.
Tombira (Tol.),Tompira
230 Clerodendron sp. Verbenaceae
(Mun.)
Tongge (Tol.) Tongke (Mun.)
231 Bruguiera gymnorrhyza (L.) Lam. Rhizophoraceae
(mangrove)
Towasi (Tol.), Tangir Bruguiera caryophylloides (Burm.f )
232 Rhizophoraceae
(Mun.),Tangere (Bug.) Blume
233 Towoa Cordyline fruticosa (L.)A. Chev. Liliacea
234 Towula Mallotus sp. Euphorbiaceae
Towula (Tol.), Mangko
235 Macaranga sp. Euphorbiaceae
Mangko (Mun.)
Towure (Tol.), Taghimanu
236 Palaquium obtusifolium Burck Sapotaceae
(Mun.)
23
Checklist

No
237 Tumbu Momea Palaquium sp. Sapotaceae
Dysoxylum densiflorum (Blume)
238 Ui (Tol.), Oris (Bug.) Meliaceae
Miq.
Undolia (Tol.), Wondolia Cananga odorata (Lamk)
239 Annonaceae
(Mun.) Hoo.f.&Thomson
Syzygium umbilicatum (K.&V.)
240 - Myrtaceae
Amsh.
Upi (Tol.), Qefi (Mun.),
241 Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze Fabaceae
Bayam (Bug.) (1)
242 Urogo Dichroa febrifuga Lour Hydrangeaceae
Usangi (Tol.) Rarantulu
243 Allaeanthus glabra (Warb.) Merr. Moraceae
(Mun.)
244 Usangi Ndehu Fatoua pilosa Gaud. Moraceae
245 Wakata (mangrove) Rhizophora apiculata Blume Rhizophoraceae
246 Walahopa Glochidion molle Blume Euphorbiaceae
247 Waontinunu Gardenia tubifera Wall.ex Roxb. Rubiaceae
Wayu (Tol.), Rumbei
248 Pterospermum celebicum Junghn. Sterculiaceae
(Mun.), Bayur (Ind.)
Wehuko Mea (Tol.), Ngkea
249 Ficus variegata Blume Moraceae
ngkea (Mun.)
250 Wehuko Mewuluh Ficus sp. Moraceae
251 Wehuko Wila Ficus variegata Blume Moraceae
252 Welagho Riri (Mun.) Dialium sp. Fabaceae
Welala (Tol.), Sauntiri
253 Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Fabaceae
(Mun.)
254 Welalombalo (Mun,) Albizia saponaria (Lor.) Miq. Fabaceae
255 Welalondahi Pongamia pinnata Merr. Fabaceae
Welepo (Tol.), Amplang
256 Semecarpus cuneiformis Blanco Anacardiaceae
(Bug.)
257 Wenggorona Harpulia arborea (Blanko) Radlk. Sapindaceae
258 Wiau Ndahi Clerodendrum sp. Verbenaceae
259 Wilalo Archidendron lucyi F.V.Muell Mimosaceae
Micromelum minutum (Forst.f.)
260 Wilalo Dahu Rutaceae
Wight &Arn.
261 Wolitara Toona sureni Merr. Meliaceae
Syzygium polycephalum (Miq.)
262 Wonggia Myrtaceae
Merrr.&Perry
24

No
Wonggia (Tol.), Nduwo Syzygium zollingerianum (Miq.)
263 Myrtaceae
(Mun.) Amshoff.
Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.)
264 Wonggia Ndehu Myrtaceae
Walp.
Woru (Tol.), Kukuni (Mun.)
265 Ceriops tagal C.B.Rob. Rhizophoraceae
(mangrove)
266 - Rhodamnia cinerea Jack. Myrtaceae
267 - Flacourtia grewiifolia Flacourtiaceae
268 - Oxymitra cf. filipes Hook.f.et.Th. Annonaceae
269 - Phaleria capitata Jack Thymelaceae
270 - Acalypha caturus Blume Euphorbiaceae
271 - Acronychia laurifolia Blume Rutaceae
272 - Aglaea edulis (Roxb.) N.Wallich Meliaceae
273 - Aidia racemosa (Cov.) Tirveng Rubiaceae
274 - Aporusa cf. elmeri Merr. Euphorbiaceae
Beilschmiedia gemmiflora (Blume)
275 - Lauraceae
Kosterm.
276 - Capparis cf.micrantha DC. Capparidaceae
277 - Ceriops sp. Rhizophoraceae
cf . Micromelum minutum
278 - Rutaceae
(Forst.f.)Wight &Arn.
279 - Chionanthus cordulatus Koord. Oleaceae
281 - Combretum sp. Combretaceae
282 - Connarus semidecandrus Hassk. Connaraceae
283 - Croton laevifolius Blume Euphorbiaceae
284 - Croton oblongus Burm.f. Euphorbiaceae
285 - Cryptocarya crassinervia Miq. Lauraceae
286 - Cryptocarya sp. Lauraceae
287 - Desmodium umbellatum DC. Fabaceae
Diospyros ebenum J.Koenig ex
288 - Ebenaceae
Retz
289 - Drypetes longifolia Pax.&Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae
290 - Elaeocarpus peltatus Wall. Elaeocarpaceae
291 - Eria javanica Blume Orchidaceae
292 - Exocarpus latifolius R.Br. Santalaceae
293 - Ficus cf. hirta Vahl. Moraceae
25
Checklist

No
294 - Ficus pubinervis Bl. Moraceae
295 - Ficus sp. Moraceae
296 - Gelonium glomeratum Hassk. Euphorbiaceae
297 - Hyptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz. Malphigiaceae
Kibara cf. coriacea
298 - Monimiacea
Hook.f.&Thomas.
300 - Lithocarpus celebicus Rehd. Fagaceae
301 - Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob. Lauraceae
302 - Litsea oppositifolia Gibbs. Lauraceae
304 - Macadamia hildebrandii Steen. Proteaceae
305 - Mallotus resinosus (Blanco) Merr. Euphorbiaceae
306 - Nauclea excels (Blume) Merr. Rubiaceae
307 - Ochrosia coccinea Miq. Apocynaceae
308 - Orophea enneandra Blume Annonaceae
309 - Parkia sp. Fabaceae
310 - Phyllanthus buxifolium Reinw. Euphorbiaceae
Pithecollobium umbellatum (Vahl.)
312 - Mimosaceae
Bth
313 - Polyalthia lateriflora Kurz. Annonaceae
314 - Polyalthia sp. Annonaceae
315 - Pseudvaria sp. Annonaceae
Randia oppositifolia (Roxb.)
316 - Rubiaceae
Koord.
317 - Rhaphidophora sp. Araceae
318 - Shorea assamica Dyer. Dipterocarpaceae
319 - Sloetia elongata (Miq.) Koord. Moraceae
320 - Sumbapiopsis albicans J.J.S. Euphorbiaceae
321 - Syzygium sp. Myrtaceae
Teijsmanniodendron hollrungii
323 - Verbenaceae
(Warb.) Kostrm.
325 - Urophylum macrophyllum Korth. Rubiaceae
26

No
Weinmannia fraxinea (D.Don)
326 - Cunoniaceae
Miq.
327 - Xylosma sp. Flacourtiaceae
328 - Randia sp. Rubiaceae
27
(Disusun Berdasarkan Urutan dan Pengelompokan Family (Suku))
Abdul Haris Mustari

Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata
Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor
Disusun berdasarkan urutan/kelompok family (suku)

No
Bambu
Kowuna (Tol.), Tombula cf. Schizostachyum brachycladum
1 Poaceae
(Mun.) Kurz.
Wulo (Tol.),Wuluh/Buluh
2 Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr. Poaceae
(Mun.)
Paku-pakuan
1 Pakubuwana Heterogonium alderwereltii Holtt. Aspidiaceae
2 Paku (sayur) Diplazium silvaticum (Bory) Sw. Athyriaceae
3 Paku 1 Blechnum orientale L. Blechnaceae
4 Taluede Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd. Blechnaceae
5 Paku hada Microlepia sp. Denstaediaceae
Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.)
6 Paku rano Parkeriaceae
Brongn.
7 Kokapi (Mun.) Drynaria sparsisora (Desv.) Moore Polypodiaceae
8 Paka Phymatodes nigrescens (Blume) J.Sm. Polypodiaceae
9 Paku 3 Polypodium persicifolium Desv. Polypodiaceae
10 Paku 4 Pteris longipinnula Wall.ex Agarth Pteridaceae
11 Ato ato manu Cyclosorus ecallosus Holt. Thelypteridaceae
Thelypteris heterocarpa (Blume)
12 Paku 2 Thelypteridaceae
Morton
13 Paku 5 Thelypteris japonica Bch. Thelypteridaceae
Checklist

No
Rumput
1 Ala ala 1/Teki Cyperus digitatus Roxb. Cyperaceae
2 Ala ala 2 Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae
3 Dotole Carex sp. Cyperaceae
4 Kura Mbae Cyperus kyllinga Endl. Cyperaceae
5 Palo Palo Hypolytrum nemorum Vahl. Spreng Cyperaceae
6 Rara Scleria purpurascens Steud. Cyperaceae
7 Rara Scleria sp. Cyperaceae
Rara Mbae (Tol.),
8 Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Cyperaceae
Hilanggoku (Mun.)
9 Tio Tio Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Hensch. Cyperaceae
Una (Tol.), Alang alang
10 Imperata cylindrical (L.) Raeuschel Cyperaceae
(Ind.)
11 Wonta 1 Cyperus haspan L. Cyperaceae
12 Wonta 2 Cyperus sp. Cyperaceae
Bubu (Tol.), Buluh,
13 Sacharum spontaneum L. Poaceae
Gelagah
Hulu Mata Karabau Oryza meyeriana (Zoll&Moritzi)
14 Poaceae
(Mun.) Baill.
Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.)
15 Karewu Rewu (Mun,) Poaceae
P.Beauv.
16 Kopu Kopu Dahu Leptapsis urceolata R.Br. Poaceae
17 Kopu Kopu Manu Scrotochloa urceolata (Roxb.) Judz. Poaceae
18 Kotea Tacca palmata Blume Poaceae
Kura Dodai (Tol.),
19 Paspalum conjugatum Berg. Poaceae
Acembigare (Mun,)
20 Kura Langga Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv. Poaceae
21 Kura Langga Centotheca latifolia (Osbeck) Trinius Poaceae
22 Kura Rano Cynodon dactylon Press Poaceae
23 Paata Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Poaceae
24 Pae Pae Isachne albens Trin. Poaceae
25 Papaitan Cyrtococcum patens A.Camus Poaceae
26 Rembigare Axonopus compressus Beauv. Poaceae
27 Rumput Nambo Setaria sp. Poaceae
28 Rumput Pera (rano) Panicum repens L. Poaceae
29 Ulu Pulu Manu Leptaspis banksii R. Br. Poaceae
30

No
30 Unanggandi unidentified Poaceae
31 - Oplismenus compositus Beauv. Poaceae
32 Ia iahu unidentified
33 Toulambe unidentified
Tumbuhan Bawah/ Herba
1 Doule Eranthemum bicolor Schrank. Acanthaceae
Pseudoeranthemum acuminatissimum
2 Kaeo Acanthaceae
(Miq.) Radlk.
3 Silamba Langgai Hemigraphis betonicifolia Bremek. Acanthaceae
Tilindili (Tol.), Santi santi
4 Acanthus ilicifolius L. Acanthaceae
(Mun.) (mangrove)
5 Tokoalinda Pachystachys sp. Acanthaceae
6 Tokoalinda Ngginiku Pachystachys coccinea Nees. Acanthaceae
7 - Barleria prionitis L. Acanthaceae
8 - Hemigraphis bicolor Boerl. Acanthaceae
9 - Hemigraphis sp. Acanthaceae
Isoglosa dichotoma (Hassk.)
10 - Acanthaceae
B.Hansen
11 Woro Woro, Roramo Saurauia pendula Blume Actinidiaceae
12 - Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume Amaranthaceae
13 Koumba Eurycles sylvestris Salisb. Amaryllidaceae
14 - Pseuduvaria sp. Annonaceae
15 Kadapai Amorphophallus sp. Araceae
16 Kalewuta Aglaonema simplex Blume Araceae
17 Sente Alocasia macrorrhiza Araceae
18 Sirih Lurik (Ind.) Scindapus pictus Hassk. Araceae
19 Talo Talo Schismatoglottis sp. Araceae
20 - Aglaonema commutatum Schott Araceae
Amorphophallus campanulatus
21 - Araceae
(Roxb.) Blume
22 - Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Araceae
23 - Homalonema occulta (Lour.) Schott Araceae
Schismatoglottis calyptra (Roxb.) Z.
24 - Araceae
& M.
25 Bandulo Wedelia wallichii Less. Asteraceae
26 cf. Komba komba Wedelia biflora DC. Asteraceae
31
Checklist

No
27 Kateba Elephantopus cf. mollis H.&K. Asteraceae
28 Komba Komba Euphatorium odoratum L. Asteraceae
29 Kombe Kombe Synedrella nudiflora Gaertn. Asteraceae
Kura Doalo
30 Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae
(Tol.),Babadotan (Ind.)
31 Tangge Daso Erechtites praealta Rafin. Asteraceae
Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss.ex
32 Tatabako (Mun,) Asteraceae
Bubl. Rohr.
Taumo (Tol.), Sembung
33 Blumea balsamifera DC. Asteraceae
(Ind.)
34 - Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae
Lophopetalum cf javanum (Zoll.)
35 - Celastraceae
Turcz.
36 - Salacia macrophylla Blume Celastraceae
37 Laleuso Pollia thyrsiflora Endl. Ex Hassk. Commelinaceae
38 Polonggina Bischofia javanica Blume Euphorbiaceae
39 Tamburusio langgai Breynia cernua Muell.Arg. Euphorbiaceae
40 - Actephila javanica Miq. Euphorbiaceae
41 - Flemingia strobilifera (L.) Aiton Fabaceae
42 We Wai Flagellaria indica L. Flagellariaceae
43 Kuri Kurisa Myriophyllum dicoceum F. Muell. Haloragaceae
44 - Salacia sp. Hippocratiaceae
45 Gure gure Hyptis capitata Jacq. Labiatae
Callicarpa pachyolada
46 Onai/Nai Lamiaceae
Quisumb & Merr.
47 Balongga Alseodaphne sp. Lauraceae
48 Dalisi Actinodaphne glomerata Nees. Lauraceae
Pleomele angustifolia (Roxb.)
49 Tando Ea Liliacea
N.E.Br.
50 Lasandumoko Scurrula sp. Syn. Loranthus sp. Loranthaceae
Tauba (Tol.), Onentu
51 Lygodium circinnatum (Burm.f.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
(Mun,)
52 Kuri Kurisa Pemphis acidula Forst. Lythraceae
53 Bomba Wuta Maranta sp. Marantaceae
54 Tawando Moronene Phacelophrynium borneense Val. Marantaceae
55 - Phrynium sp. Marantaceae
32

No
56 Katone Tone (Mun.) Calathea sp. Maranthaceae
Donax cunnaeformis (G.Forst.)
57 Nese (Tol.), Nena (Mun.) Maranthaceae
K.Sch.
58 Saenea Memecylon edule Roxb. Melastomataceae
59 - Memecylon garcinioides Blume Melastomataceae
60 Sena Aglaia cf.stipulata (Griff.) Theob. Meliaceae
61 - Aglaia cf.lawii Meliaceae
62 - Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels. Menispermataceae
63 cf. Silibionggadue Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae
64 Sangi, Usangi Broussenatia papyrifera Moraceae
Pundikia (Tol.), Pisang
65 Musa sp. Musaceae
hutan (Ind.)
66 - Maesa ramentosa Wall. Myrsinaceae
Naha Iwoi (Tol.), Pandan
67 Pandanus sp. Pandanaceae
(Ind.)
68 Naha Kasu Pandanus sp. Pandanaceae
69 Suruhan Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth. Piperaceae
70 Kahi Kahi Leptaspis urceolata R. Br. Poaceae
71 cf. Tauba Pteris multiaurita Ag. Polypodiaceae
Rumbio (Tol.), Rumpio
72 Acrosticum aureum L. Pteridaceae
(Mun.), Warakas (Ind.)
Konggamo (Tol.), Komea
73 Rubus moluccanus L. Rosaceae
(Mun,)
74 Taena Timonius sp. Rubiaceae
75 - Geophylla repens (L..) I.M. Johnst Rubiaceae
76 - Phsycotria sp. Rubiaceae
78 Koumba Madhuca sp. Sapotaceae
79 Komumu Selaginella plana Hieron Selaginellaceae
80 Hahi hahi Ngisi Solanum verbascifolium L. Solanaceae
81 Kotiwu Solanum torvum Swartz. Solanaceae
82 Kotiwu Ngginiku Solanum lasiocarpum Dun. Solanaceae
83 Palo Lambondiana Solanum cf. junghunii Mig. Solanaceae
84 Tameau Langgai Physalis minima L. Solanaceae
85 Koa Ternstromia toquian Vill. Theaceae
86 Panggu Panggu Christella papilio (Hope) Holt. Thelypteridaceae
33
Checklist

No
87 - Elastotema rostratum (Blume) Urticaceae
88 Pecut Kuda (Ind.) Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Verbenaceae
89 - Callicarpa longifolia Lam. Verbenaceae
90 Kosimbo cf Hedycium Zingiberaceae
91 Lae Alpinia sp. Zingiberaceae
Liana (Tumbuhan Merambat)
1 Hao Mbaso Paso Artabotrys uncinatus Merr. Annonaceae
2 Hao Pepundi Urona discolor Vahl. Annonaceae
3 Kaeo 1 Oxymitra cuneiformis Zoll Annonaceae
4 Hao Tulanggani Willughbeia sp. Apocynaceae
5 Hao Olipa Pothoidium lobbianum Schott. Araceae
6 Tolebungga Pothos rumphii Schott. Araceae
7 Hao Morolemo Capparis sp. Capparidaceae
8 Hao Munde Munde Capparis callophylla Blume Capparidaceae
Lophopetalum cf. javanum (Zoll.)
9 Hao Lobani Celastraceae
Turcz.
10 Hao Nggulipapo Quisqualis indica Blanco Combretaceae
Lepistemon cf.binectariferum (Wall.)
11 Ohao Convolvulacea
O.K.
12 Balandete Merremia peltata Merr. Convolvulaceae
13 Hao Ndaone Ngginiku Cucumis cf. melo Blanco Cucurbitaceae
14 Hao Nggulewu Cocinnia indica Wight.&Arn. Cucurbitaceae
15 Hao Tambololi Trichosanthes sp. Cucurbitaceae
16 Kaopi Tetracera scandens (Linn.) Merr. Dilleniaceae
17 Tasea2 Tetracera sp. Dilleniaceae
18 Bene Dioscorea sp. Dioscoreaceae
19 Ui Watu Dioscorea alata Blume Dioscoreaceae
Wikoro (Tol.),Gadung
20 Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Dioscoreaceae
(Ind.)
21 Hao Kori Derris trifoliata Lour. Fabaceae
22 Hao Mata Wawi Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae
23 Hao Morobite Bauhinia kockiana Korth. Fabaceae
Millettia splendidissima Blume
24 Hao Ndanggambaa Fabaceae
ex.Miq.
25 Hao Pate Pate Una Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. Fabaceae
26 Jenis Liana (Hao) Casearia sp. Flacourtiaceae
34

No
27 Hao Ndawahuko Gnetum latifolium Blume Gnetaceae
28 Hao Hahi Ngisi Iodes cirrhosa Turcz. Icacinaceae
Phytocrene macrophylla Blume var.
29 Hao Lahu Lahu Icacinaceae
dasycarpa (Miq.)
30 Hao Wuti Phytocrene sp. Icacinaceae
31 Tasea1 Phytocrene hirsuta Blume Icacinaceae
32 Hao (Liana) Ahi Ahi Leea angulata Korth.ex Miq. Leeaceae
Bene Wila (Tol.), Canar
33 Smilax sp. Liliacea
(Ind.)
Teratophyllum rotundifolium (Rb.)
34 Hao Nginda Lomariopsidaceae
Holt.
35 Hao Ndowula Stephania sp. Menispermaceae
36 Hao cf Kasumeeto Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels. Menispermataceae
Hao Ngguni (Tol.),Akar
37 Arcangelisia flava Merr. Menispermataceae
Kuning (Ind.)
Pithecellobium umbellatum (Vahl.)
38 Hao Mbeleuti Mimosaceae
Bth
Hao Nggonduri (Tol.),
39 Mimosa pudica Linn. Mimosaceae
Putri malu (Ind.)
40 Hao Wilalo Pithecollobium cf. celebicum Kostrm. Mimosaceae
Archidendron ellipticum (Blume)
41 Wilalo Dahu Mimosaceae
Nielsen
42 Wilalo Daun Archidendron jiringa (Jack) Nielsen Mimosaceae
44 Hao Nggapu Ficus sp. Moraceae
45 Lingato Hao Ficus sp. Moraceae
46 Naha Hao Freycinetia sp. Pandanaceae
47 Hao Ani Spatholobus ferrugineus Bth. Papilionaceae
48 Hao Nggokowuku Derris sp. Papilionaceae
Hao Ua Ua (Tol.), Wua
49 Mucuna gigantea (Wild.) DC. Papilionaceae
(Mun.), Heu (Bug.)
50 Lawue Vigna marina (Burm.f.)Merr. Papilionaceae
51 Bite Oniti Piper amboinense C.DC. Piperaceae
52 Hao Nambo Piper betle L. Piperaceae
53 Sirih Hutan Piper cf. betle L. Piperaceae
54 Sepemori Zyzyphus horsfieldii Miq. Rhamnaceae
55 - Atuna racemosa Raf. Rosaceae
35
Checklist

No
56 Hao Benggaila Uncaria gambir Roxb. Rubiaceae
57 Tali Bajo Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeuschel Sapindaceae
58 Hao Lombinga Nothocnide repanda (Blume)Blume Urticaceae
59 Lingato Beke Fleurya interrupta Gaud Urticaceae
Ampelocissus arachoidea (Hausskn.)
60 Hao Bere Bere Vitaceae
Planch
61 Hao Silamea Cissus adnata Roxb. Vitaceae
62 Hao Silore Tetrastigma sp. Vitaceae
63 Hao Kame Kame unidentified
64 Hao Mbai Pai unidentified
Palem
1 Panggo (Tol.), Nipah (ind.) Nypa fruticans Wurmb. Arecaceae
2 Agel/Lanu Corypha utan Lamk. Arecaceae
Wako (Tol.), Ghorindi
3 Pigafetta filaris (Giseke) Becc. Arecaceae
(Mun.)
4 Kombu Pinanga kuhlii Blume Arecaceae
Komuno (Tol.),
5 Livistonia rotundifolia (Lam.) Mart. Arecaceae
Kombungo (Mun.)
Rema (Tol.), Kowala
6 Arenga pinnata Wurmb. Arecaceae
(Mun.), Enau (Ind.)
7 Tawaro (Tol.),Sagu (Ind.) Metroxylon sagu Rottb. Arecaceae
8 Wako/Owako Caryota mitis Lour Arecaceae
We (Rotan) Bao, Rotan
9 Calamus zollingeri Beccari Arecaceae
Batang (Ind.)
10 We Alomanu Calamus sp. Arecaceae
11 We Kabe Calamus sp. Arecaceae
12 We Kahi Calamus sp. Arecaceae
13 We Hoa/We Kotela Calamus sp. Arecaceae
We Kilala (Tol.), Lamba/ Calamus ornatus var.celebicus
14 Arecaceae
Lambang (Mun.) Beccari
15 We Noko Daemonorops robusta Warb. Arecaceae
We Tungga (Tol.),Opisi
16 Gronophyllum sp. Arecaceae
(Mun.)
17 We Pai Calamus sp. Arecaceae
18 We Samba Korthalsia rigida Blume Arecaceae
19 We Tarompu Calamus sp. Arecaceae
36

No
20 We Tohiti Calamus symphysipus Becc. Arecaceae
21 We Toromotaha Calamus sp. Arecaceae
22 We Tuu Calamus inops Heyne ex Beccari Arecaceae
23 We Umili Calamus sp. Arecaceae
24 We Watu Calamus sp. Arecaceae
25 We Wulo Calamus sp. Arecaceae
26 Wiu Licuala helleriana Becc. Arecaceae
Semak dan Perdu
1 Hao (Tol), Kaeo (Mun.) Uvaria celebica Scheff. Annonaceae
2 Pepundi Desmos sp. Annonaceae
3 Pepundi Langgai Uvaria littoralis L. Annonaceae
Bila (Tol., Bug.), Kodu
4 Crescentia cujete Billd. Ex Beurl. Bignoniaceae
(Mun.), Maja (Ind.)
Munde Munde (Tol.),
5 Capparis micrantha A. Rich. Capparidaceae
Kalemo lemo (Mun.)
6 Kabuli Buli (Mun.) Glochidion arborescens Blume Euphorbiaceae
7 Ombana Watu Mallotus oblongifolius Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae
8 Tamburusio langgai Sauropus androgynus Merr. Euphorbiaceae
10 cf.Kelor Dalbergia lanceolarius L.f. Fabaceae
11 Rano Casearia grewiifolia Vent. Flacourtiaceae
12 Lemo Lemo Salacia macrophylla Blume Hippocratiaceae
13 Sosoreu Leea cf.aculata Leeaceae
Sosoreu (Tol.), Paratongko
14 Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Leeaceae
(Mun,)
15 Sosoreu Mewulu Leea aequata L. Leeaceae
16 Takalea Iwoi Leea sp. Leeaceae
17 Takalea Sambu Leea aculeata Blume ex.Spreng Leeaceae
Lowaru (Tol.),Bontu
18 Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Malvaceae
(Mun.)
19 Lowaru Watu Thespesia populnea Sol.ex Correa Malvaceae
20 Solumba Urena lobata L. Malvaceae
21 - Urena sp. Malvaceae
Rodu, Urodu
22 Melastoma malabathricum L. Melastomaceae
(Tol.),Harendong (Ind.)
23 Kamoni Ndina Aglaia odorata Lour. Meliaceae
37
Checklist

No
Cudramia cochinchinensis (Lour.)
24 Bidara 1 (Mun.) Moraceae
Kudo et Masamune
Ardisia myristicifolia Blume
25 Bakota Myrsinaceae
ex.Scheff
26 Lempeni (Ind.) Ardisia humilis Blume Myrsinaceae
27 - Ardisia forstenii Scheff. Myrsinaceae
28 - Maesa perlarius (Lour.) Merr. Myrsinaceae
Helminthosthachys zeylanica (L.)
30 Tandiso Ophioglossaceae
Hook.
31 Wunggai Aro Piper arcuatum Blume Piperaceae
Plectronia horrida (Blume)
32 Bidara 2 (Mun.) Rubiaceae
K.Schum.
33 Kaleuwi Petunga microcarpa (Blume) DC. Rubiaceae
Wanggudu (Tol.),
34 Morinda citrifolia L. Rubiaceae
Mengkudu (Ind.)
35 - Rondia sp. Rubiaceae
37 Benono Mbae Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb.) Leenh. Sapindaceae
38 Benono Ngginiku Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb.) Leenh. Sapindaceae
39 Benono Wila Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb.) Leenh. Sapindaceae
40 Tumbu Momea Plachonella obovata (R.Br.) Pierre Sapotaceae
41 Ulandusa Pentace polyantha Hassk. Tiliaceae
42 Siapu Trema orientalis Blume Ulmaceae
Dendrocnide microstigma (Gaudich.
43 Lingato Manu Urticaceae
ex Wedd.) Chew
Dendrocnide cf. sinuata (Blume)
44 Lingato Ndina Ana Urticaceae
Chew
Dendrocnide cf. peltata (Blume)
45 Lingato Ngginiku Urticaceae
Miq.
Lombinga (Tol.), Pulus
46 Laportea stimulans Miq. Urticaceae
(Ind.)
Seru Seru Bembe (Tol.),
47 Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae
Pattiwala (Mun.)
Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.)
48 Tuduho Nggalopua Verbenaceae
W.G. Walpers.
49 Bere Bere Langgai Ampelocissus cf.arachnoidea Planch. Vitaceae
38

No
Pohon (Berkayu)
1 Kedongdong (Ind.) Spondias pinnata (L.F.) Kurzt. Anacardiaceae
Morone/Moroone (Tol.), Koordersiodendron pinnatum
2 Anacardiaceae
Kayu Bugis (Ind.) (Blanco.) Merr.
Oloho/Loho (Tol.),
3 Spondias malayana Kosterm. Anacardiaceae
Ogholo (Mun.)
4 Rao/Rau Dracontomelon mangiferum Anacardiaceae
Taipa (Tol.), Foo (Mun.),
5 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae
Mangga
Welepo (Tol.), Amplang
6 Semecarpus cuneiformis Blanco Anacardiaceae
(Bug.)
Polyaltia cauliflora Hook.
7 Gaharu Langgai Annonaceae
F.&Thomson
8 Kasu Ulaeo Psychotria cf.robusta Blume Annonaceae
9 Kasu Wai Xylopia caudata Hook.f.&Thomson Annonaceae
10 Kole Mitrephora cf.polypyrene Miq. Annonaceae
11 Kuma Watu Mitrephora celebica Scheff. Annonaceae
12 Lolinggondaro Goniothalamus sp. Annonaceae
13 Pepundi Nggasu Alphonsea javanica Scheff. Annonaceae
Solanga (Tol.), Welagho Xylopia malayana
14 Annonaceae
(Mun.) Hook.f.&Thomson
15 Susua Meeto/Susua Buaya Anaxagorea javanica Blume Annonaceae
16 Susua Wila Aquilaria malaccenis Annonaceae
Undolia (Tol.), Wondolia Cananga odorata (Lamk)
17 Annonaceae
(Mun.) Hoo.f.&Thomson
18 - Oxymitra cf. filipes Hook.f.et.Th. Annonaceae
19 - Orophea enneandra Blume Annonaceae
20 - Polyalthia lateriflora Kurz. Annonaceae
21 - Polyalthia sp. Annonaceae
22 - Pseudvaria sp. Annonaceae
Kuya (Tol.), Tongkoya
23 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Apocinaceae
(Mun.), Pulai (Ind.)
24 Dambaka Cerbera odollam Gaertn. Apocynaceae
25 Kandu (Mun.) Tabernaemontana macrocarpa Jack Apocynaceae
26 - Ochrosia coccinea Miq. Apocynaceae
27 - Rhaphidophora sp. Araceae
39
Checklist

No
28 Alu Alu Athrophyllum diversifolium Blume Araliaceae
29 Donipu Schefflera elliptica (Blume) Harms Araliaceae
30 Korongeo Agathis celebica (Koord.) Warb. Araucariaceae
31 Samba Saumeeto Vernonia arborea Ham. Asteraceae
Dolicandrone spathaceae (L.F.)
32 Bambaelo (Mun.) Bignoniaceae
K.Schum.
Taliawa (Tol.), Mande
33 Oroxylon indicum (L.) Kurz. Bignoniaceae
Mandea (Mun.)
34 Kapuk Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.) Bombacaceae
35 Lolo (Tol.), Lele (Mun.) Gossampinus malabarica Merr. Bombacaceae
Loluna (Tol.), Onula/
36 Cordia myxa Borraginaceae
Wonula (Mun.)
Besulo (Tol.), Bindari
37 Canarium sp. Burseraceae
(Mun.), Damar
38 Kasu Ta Canarium sp. Burseraceae
39 Sainea/Poe Canarium hirsutum Willd. Burseraceae
Takulendahi (Tol.), Wou
40 Garuga floribunda Decne Burseraceae
(Mun.), Berru (Bug.)
41 Kasu Olimbopo Caesalpinia pulcherissima (L.) Sw. Caesalpiniaceae
Pelthorum pterocarpum (DC.)
42 Soga (Tol.) Caesalpiniaceae
Backer
43 Tanda Ule Crataeva nurvala Buch. Ham. Capparidaceae
44 - Capparis cf.micrantha DC. Capparidaceae
45 Kote Lophopetalum fimbriatum Wight. Celastraceae
Callophyllum soulatri Burm.ex
46 Bintangur Clusiaceae
F.Mull.
Calophyllum membranaceum
47 Bitai Clusiaceae
Gardn.&Champ.
Donggala (Tol.), Pude
48 Callophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae
(Bug.), Bintangur (Ind.)
49 Mandula Garcinia dulcis Kurz. Clusiaceae
50 Menambo Garcinia tetrandra Pierre Clusiaceae
51 Pedengisi Garcinia balica Miq. Clusiaceae
52 Pedengisi, Dede Meiho Garcinia cf..dioica Blume Clusiaceae
53 Sisio2 Cratoxylum formosum (Jack.) Dryer. Clusiaceae
54 Taisui Garcinia morella Desr. Clusiaceae
55 Kokoleo (Mun.) Terminalia sp. Combretaceae
40

No
56 - Combretum sp. Combretaceae
57 - Connarus semidecandrus Hassk. Connaraceae
58 - Weinmannia fraxinea (D.Don) Miq. Cunoniaceae
59 Benua/Binuang Octomelos sumatrana Miq. Datiscaceae
Bolongita (Tol.), Wonolita
60 Tetrameles nudiflora R.Br. Datiscaceae
(Mun.)
61 Dongi (Tol.), Soni (Mun.) Dilleniaceae
62 Dongi Langgai Wormia ochreata Miq. Dilleniaceae
63 Dongi Ngginiku Dilleniaceae
64 - Shorea assamica Dyer. Dipterocarpaceae
65 Kalaero Biasa Diopyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel Ebenaceae
66 Kalaero Batu Diospyros sp. Ebenaceae
Eboni/Kayu Hitam
67 Diospyros celebica Bakh. Ebenaceae
Sulawesi (1)
Kasu Meeto (Tol.), Gito
68 Diopyros pilosanthera Blanco Ebenaceae
Gito (Mun.)
69 Sejenis Kayu Hitam Diospyros maritima Blume Ebenaceae
70 - Diospyros ebenum J.Koenig ex Retz Ebenaceae
71 - Elaeocarpus peltatus Wall. Elaeocarpaceae
72 Ate Ndina Drypetes neglecta Pax.&Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae
Cleistanthus sumatranus (Miq.)
73 Holea Euphorbiaceae
Mull.Arg.
74 Kasampalu (Mun.) Trigonopleura malayana Hook.f. Euphorbiaceae
75 Kasu Borubi Cleistanthus sp. Euphorbiaceae
76 Kasu Tanu 2 Drypetes infectori Euphorbiaceae
77 Kasu Wila Mallotus moluccanus (L.) Mull. Arg. Euphorbiaceae
Kokopusu (Tol.),
78 Excoecaria agallocha L. Euphorbiaceae
Kokobuta (Mun.)
Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw.
79 Lapingkapu (Mun.) Euphorbiaceae
ex Blume) Rchb.f.&Zoll.)
80 Longahi Acalypha boehmerioides Miq. Euphorbiaceae
81 Lumara Bao Mallotus sp. Euphorbiaceae
Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull.
82 Macaranga (Ind.) Euphorbiaceae
Arg.
41
Checklist

No
Drypetes cf. globosa Pax. &
83 Mehere Euphorbiaceae
K.Hoffm.
84 Morombinisi Trigonostemon sp. Euphorbiaceae
85 Orope/Rope Drypetes celebica Pax.&Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae
Pute Pute Mata (Tol.), Lapi
86 Macaranga gigantea Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae
(Mun.)
87 Rogo Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae
88 Tandangolu Glochidion rubrum Blume Euphorbiaceae
Drypetes minahassae Pax &
89 Tawa Huko Euphorbiaceae
K.Hoffm.
90 Tawa Momea Macaranga tanarius Muell.Arg. Euphorbiaceae
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.
91 Tofa (Mun.) Euphorbiaceae
Arg
92 Towula Mallotus sp. Euphorbiaceae
Towula (Tol.), Mangko
93 Macaranga sp. Euphorbiaceae
Mangko (Mun.)
94 Walahopa Glochidion molle Blume Euphorbiaceae
95 - Acalypha caturus Blume Euphorbiaceae
96 - Aporusa cf. elmeri Merr. Euphorbiaceae
98 - Croton laevifolius Blume Euphorbiaceae
99 - Croton oblongus Burm.f. Euphorbiaceae
100 - Drypetes longifolia Pax.&Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae
101 - Gelonium glomeratum Hassk. Euphorbiaceae
102 - Mallotus resinosus (Blanco) Merr. Euphorbiaceae
103 - Phyllanthus buxifolium Reinw. Euphorbiaceae
104 - Sumbapiopsis albicans J.J.S. Euphorbiaceae
105 Asana/Angsana (1) Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Fabaceae
Hopa (Tol.), Seppang
106 Caesalpinia sappan L. Fabaceae
(Bug.)
107 Jeunjing Albizia falcataria (L.) Fostberg Fabaceae
Kaloba (Tol.), Ampulajeng
108 Inocarpus fagiferus Fosb. Fabaceae
(Bug.)
109 Kasu Ule Mimosa sp. Fabaceae
Konduri (Tol.), Moniwa/
110 Parkia roxburghii G.Don Fabaceae
Mohiwa (Mun.)
42

No
111 Lepo Phanera sp. Fabaceae
112 Roda Erythrina subumbrans Merr. Fabaceae
113 Taloe Cynometra ramiflora L. Fabaceae
Tiwala (Tol.), Kalapi
114 Kalappia celebica Kosterm. Fabaceae
(Mun.)
Upi (Tol.), Qefi (Mun.),
115 Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze Fabaceae
Bayam (Bug.) (1)
116 Welagho Riri (Mun.) Dialium sp. Fabaceae
Welala (Tol.), Sauntiri
117 Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Fabaceae
(Mun.)
118 Welalombalo (Mun,) Albizia saponaria (Lor.) Miq. Fabaceae
119 Welalondahi Pongamia pinnata Merr. Fabaceae
120 - Desmodium umbellatum DC. Fabaceae
121 - Parkia sp. Fabaceae
122 Eha Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.Dc. Fagaceae
123 Kolipu Lithocarpus sp. Fagaceae
124 Pololi Lithocarpus sp. Fagaceae
125 - Lithocarpus celebicus Rehd. Fagaceae
Kasu Tanu 1 (Tol.), Ohia
126 Homalium foetidum Bth. Flacourtiaceae
(Mun,)
Nguru (Tol.), Rumu
127 Tarrietia riedeliana Oliv. Flacourtiaceae
(Mun.)
128 Pangi (Tol.), Logasi (Mun.) Pangium edule Reinw. Flacourtiaceae
129 Tanggeambali Homalium tomentosum Benth. Flacourtiaceae
130 - Flacourtia grewiifolia Flacourtiaceae
131 - Xylosma sp. Flacourtiaceae
Huko (Tol.), Ousa (Mun.),
132 Gnetum gnemon L. Gnetaceae
Melinjo (Ind.)
133 Bakung bakung (Ind.) Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. Goodeniaceae
134 Urogo Dichroa febrifuga Lour Hydrangeaceae
135 Sisio1 Cratoxylon celebicum Blume Hypericaceae
136 cf Homalium Cryptocarya infectori (Blume) Miq. Lauraceae
137 Kolina Cinnamomum celebicum Miq. Lauraceae
138 Kuma Biasa (1) Litsea grandis Hook.f Lauraceae
139 Pondo Undo Cryptocarya cf.kahamar Teschn. Lauraceae
140 Ponto Litsea firma Hook.f. Lauraceae
43
Checklist

No
Saru (Tol.), Karematu
141 Dehaasia caesia Blume Lauraceae
(Mun.)
142 Tawa Mokora Cryptocarya sp. Lauraceae
Beilschmiedia gemmiflora (Blume)
143 - Lauraceae
Kosterm.
144 - Cryptocarya crassinervia Miq. Lauraceae
145 - Cryptocarya sp. Lauraceae
146 - Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob. Lauraceae
147 - Litsea oppositifolia Gibbs. Lauraceae
Ewu/Wewu (Tol.) Saru
148 Planchonia valida (Blume) Blume Lecythidaceae
Robine (Mun,)
Holea Mbute (Tol.),
149 Chydenanthus sp. Lecythidaceae
Kaololo (Mun.)
150 Puta/Putat Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng. Lecythidaceae
151 Tolihe Barringtonia sp. Lecythidaceae
Barringtonia acutangula (L.)
152 Tolihe Manu (Tol.) Lecythidaceae
Gaertn.
153 Towoa Cordyline fruticosa (L.)A. Chev. Liliacea
154 Silae (Tol.), Uru (Bug.) Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb. Magnoliaceae
155 - Hyptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz. Malphigiaceae
156 Ambanduke Hibiscus cf.rosasinensis L. Malvaceae
Lowaru (Tol.), Bontu
157 Hibiscus tiliaceus Malvaceae
(Mun.)
158 Lowaru Watu Croton argyratus Blume Malvaceae
159 Bose Bose Dysoxylum arborescens (Blume) Miq. Meliaceae
160 Bosilu Aglaia sp. Meliaceae
161 Gunung Dysoxylum sp. Meliaceae
Kase (Tol.), Raqulemba
162 Chisocheton ceramicus Miq. Meliaceae
(Mun.)
Dysoxylum alliaceum (Blume)
163 Kasu Balongga Meliaceae
Blume
164 Kasu Ngginiku Aglaia argentea Blume Meliaceae
165 Kilowu Chisosheton sp. Meliaceae
Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.)
166 Nyirih batu/sirih (Ind.) Meliaceae
M.Roem
Ombuli (Tol.), Kontawu
167 Xylocarpus granatum Koen. Meliaceae
(Mun.)
44

No
Dysoxylum densiflorum (Blume)
168 Ui (Tol.), Oris (Bug.) Meliaceae
Miq.
169 Wolitara Toona sureni Merr. Meliaceae
170 - Aglaea edulis (Roxb.) N.Wallich Meliaceae
171 Wilalo Archidendron lucyi F.V.Muell Mimosaceae
Pithecollobium umbellatum (Vahl.)
173 - Mimosaceae
Bth
Kibara cf. coriacea
174 - Monimiacea
Hook.f.&Thomas.
175 Beringin Ficus obscura Blume Moraceae
176 Beringin (Daun Panjang) Ficus virens Ait. Moraceae
177 Beringin (Indah) Ficus caulocarpa Miq. Moraceae
Ficus glandulifera (Wall. Ex Miq.)
178 cf Daun Nangka Moraceae
King
179 Dalisi Ficus montana Burm. F. Moraceae
180 Elemeo Ficus sp Moraceae
Huhubi (Tol.), Mbaloba
181 Artocarpus dasyphyllus Miq. Moraceae
(Mun.)
182 Kahule Daun Kecil Ficus sp. Moraceae
183 Kahule Hule (Mun.) Ficus altissima Blume Moraceae
184 Kapu Ficus tinctoria G.Forst. Moraceae
Kapu Boru (batang paling
185 Ficus sp. Moraceae
besar/tinggi)
Kapu Dawi Dawi (daun
186 kecil, buah kecil, tdk Ficus cf.involucrata Blume Moraceae
tinggi,rapat di bawah)
Kapu Lesea Hoa (daun
187 Ficus drupacea Thunb. Moraceae
lebar, buah besar)
188 Kapu Merica Ficus hirta Vahl. Moraceae
189 Kapu Wone Ficus sp. Moraceae
190 Libonu (Tol.), Libo (Mun.) Ficus septica Burm.f. Moraceae
191 Nangka Artocarpus integra Merr. Moraceae
192 Ngawe Ficus sp. Moraceae
Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb.ex
193 Nginda Moraceae
Hornem.
194 Pokae, Rante Rante Ficus sp. Moraceae
45
Checklist

No
Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume)
195 Roramo Moraceae
Merr
196 Silibionggadue Ficus sp. Moraceae
197 Tipulu Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. Moraceae
Toho (Tol.), Kumbou
198 Artocarpus sp. Moraceae
(Mun.)
Usangi (Tol.) Rarantulu
199 Allaeanthus glabra (Warb.) Merr. Moraceae
(Mun.)
200 Usangi Ndehu Fatoua pilosa Gaud. Moraceae
Wehuko Mea (Tol.), Ngkea
201 Ficus variegata Blume Moraceae
ngkea (Mun.)
202 Wehuko Mewuluh Ficus sp. Moraceae
203 Wehuko Wila Ficus variegata Blume Moraceae
204 - Ficus cf. hirta Vahl. Moraceae
205 - Ficus pubinervis Bl. Moraceae
206 - Ficus sp. Moraceae
207 - Sloetia elongata (Miq.) Koord. Moraceae
Gymnachranthera paniculata
208 Pala Hutan Myristicaceae
(A.DC.) Warb.Var.
209 Samba Metado Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. Myristicaceae
210 Aloha Nggadue Embelia javanica DC. Myrsinaceae
211 cf Eugenia Syzygium luzonense Merr. Myrtaceae
Syzygium cinnamomeum (Vidal)
212 Dambu Dambu Myrtaceae
Merril
213 Kabuko Syzygium sp. Myrtaceae
214 Kamoni Langgai Syzygium acuminatissimum DC. Myrtaceae
215 Katolo Tolobe (Mun.) Syzygium sp. Myrtaceae
Kulimonifi (Tol.) Saulembi
216 Rhodamnia mulleri (Korth.) Blume Myrtaceae
(Mun.)
Lara/Nona (Tol.), Kayu
217 Metrosideros petiolata Koord. Myrtaceae
Besi (Ind.) (1)
Syzygium cf.polycephaloides
218 Pepara Myrtaceae
(C.B.Rob.) Merr.
219 Pooti Syzygium sp. Myrtaceae
Ruruhi (Tol.), Mbebele
220 Syzygium cf.zollingerianum Myrtaceae
(Mun.)
221 Ruruhi Ndawa Eugenia formosa K&V Myrtaceae
46

No
222 Ruruhi Ndina Syzygium cf. astromides CB.Rob. Myrtaceae
223 Ruruhi Nggasu Eugenia sp. Myrtaceae
Syzygium lineatum (DC.) Merril
224 Tarapasi Myrtaceae
&Perry
Tombeua/Tembeuwa(Tol.), Kjellbergiodendron celebicum
225 Myrtaceae
Tembeua (Mun.) (1) (Koord.) Merr.
Syzygium umbilicatum (K.&V.)
226 - Myrtaceae
Amsh.
Syzygium polycephalum (Miq.)
227 Wonggia Myrtaceae
Merrr.&Perry
Wonggia (Tol.), Nduwo Syzygium zollingerianum (Miq.)
228 Myrtaceae
(Mun.) Amshoff.
Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.)
229 Wonggia Ndehu Myrtaceae
Walp.
230 - Rhodamnia cinerea Jack. Myrtaceae
Pisonia umbellifera (J.R.Forst&G.
233 Hehea Walu Nyctaginaceae
Forst.) Seem
234 - Chionanthus cordulatus Koord. Oleaceae
236 - Eria javanica Blume Orchidaceae
237 Hehea Walu Pittosporum sp. Pittosporaceae
238 - Macadamia hildebrandii Steen. Proteaceae
239 Bako (mangrove) Rhizophora mucronata Lam. Rhizophoraceae
Motolindi (Tol), Soliti
240 Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Rhizophoraceae
(Mun.)
Tongge (Tol.) Tongke
241 Bruguiera gymnorrhyza (L.) Lam. Rhizophoraceae
(Mun.) (mangrove)
Towasi (Tol.), Tangir Bruguiera caryophylloides (Burm.f )
242 Rhizophoraceae
(Mun.),Tangere (Bug.) Blume
243 Wakata (mangrove) Rhizophora apiculata Blume Rhizophoraceae
Woru (Tol.), Kukuni
244 Ceriops tagal C.B.Rob. Rhizophoraceae
(Mun.) (mangrove)
245 - Ceriops sp. Rhizophoraceae
Kolaka Wai (Tol.), Kolasa
246 Parinari corymbosa (Blume) Miq. Rosaceae
(Mun.), Maracope (Bug.)
47
Checklist

No
247 cf. Ampulajeng Ixora imitants Bram. Rubiaceae
248 cf.Lobani Ixora grandifolia Zoll.&Merr. Rubiaceae
Kokabu (Tol.),Kalengka Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Kuntze)
249 Rubiaceae
(Mun.), Jabon Havil.
Phsycotria viridiflora Reinw.
250 Kulahi Rubiaceae
Ex.Blume
251 Lobani Nauclea calycina Bartl. ex DC. Rubiaceae
252 Lobani Mbute Nauclea obtusa Blume Rubiaceae
Longgida (Tol.), Lingkida
253 Nauclea orientalis L. Rubiaceae
(Mun.)
254 Ngato Timonius stipulosus Boerl. Rubiaceae
255 Rawa Anthocepalus sp.(sejenis jabon) Rubiaceae
256 Waontinunu Gardenia tubifera Wall.ex Roxb. Rubiaceae
257 - Aidia racemosa (Cov.) Tirveng Rubiaceae
258 - Nauclea excels (Blume) Merr. Rubiaceae
259 - Randia oppositifolia (Roxb.) Koord. Rubiaceae
261 - Urophylum macrophyllum Korth. Rubiaceae
262 - Randia sp. Rubiaceae
263 Behu (Mun.) Evodia speciosa K.et.Z. Rutaceae
Glycosmis cochinchinensis Pierre ex
264 cf. Kasu Wai Rutaceae
Engl.
265 Hokio Watu Acronychia trifoliata Zoll & Morr. Rutaceae
266 Kasu Mbondiana Xanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. Rutaceae
267 Lemon Hutan Clausena sp. Rutaceae
268 Paita Lunasia amara Blanco Rutaceae
269 Paita Ndehu Lunasia amara Blanco Rutaceae
270 See/Se/Osee Evodia celebica Hats. Rutaceae
271 Sio Evodia sp. Rutaceae
272 Solumba Glycosmis pentaphylla Correa Rutaceae
Micromelum minutum (Forst.f.)
273 Wilalo Dahu Rutaceae
Wight &Arn.
274 - Acronychia laurifolia Blume Rutaceae
cf . Micromelum minutum (Forst.f.)
275 - Rutaceae
Wight &Arn.
48

No
277 Lahu Lahu Meliosma nitida Blume Sabiaceae
278 - Exocarpus latifolius R.Br. Santalaceae
Baddo (Bug.), Kesambi
279 Schleicera oleosa (Lour.) Oken Sapindaceae
(Ind.)
Nephelium rambutan-ake (Labill.)
Leenh.
281 Koleuhu Euphorianthus longifolius Radlk. Sapindaceae
Orope Meeto ((Tol.), Ellatostachys verrucosa (Blume)
282 Sapindaceae
Korope (Mun.) Radlk.
283 Orope Ndina (Tol.) Miscocarpus sundaicus Blume Sapindaceae
284 Orope Wila Nephelium mutabile Blume Sapindaceae
285 Rambutan Hutan (Ind.) Nephelium sp. Sapindaceae
Erioglossum rubiginosum (Roxb.)
286 Taha (Mun,) Sapindaceae
Blume
287 Wenggorona Harpulia arborea (Blanko) Radlk. Sapindaceae
288 Kuma Payena cf.lucida DC. Sapotaceae
289 Nyatoh (1) Palaquium omboinensis Burck. Sapotaceae
290 Sokibiri Pouteria sp. Sapotaceae
Tando (Tol.), Bolosigo
291 Mimusops bojeri A.DC. Sapotaceae
(Mun.), Tanjung (Ind.)
Towure (Tol.), Taghimanu
292 Palaquium obtusifolium Burck Sapotaceae
(Mun.)
293 Tumbu Momea Palaquium sp. Sapotaceae
294 Tambailere Brucea javanica Merr. Simaroubaceae
295 Poropa/Peropa/Beropa Sonneratia alba J. Sm. Sonneratiaceae
296 Tawo Duabanga moluccana Blume Sonneratiaceae
297 Belengana Pterospermum diversifolium Blume Sterculiaceae
298 cf.Kepuh Sterculia foetida L. Sterculiaceae
299 Kikima Sterculia macrophylla Vent. Sterculiaceae
Kolumba (Tol.), Kalumpa
300 Sterculia foetida L. Sterculiaceae
(Mun.), Kalumpang (Bug.)
301 Nguru Ndahi Heritiera littoralis Dryand. Sterculiaceae
Tokulo (Tol.), Wontoge
302 Kleinhovia hospita Linn. Sterculiaceae
(Mun.), Paliasa (Bug.)
Toluto (Tol.), Talingge Pterocymbium tinctorium (Blanco)
303 Sterculiaceae
Lingge (Mun.) Merr.
49
Checklist

No
Wayu (Tol.), Rumbei
304 Pterospermum celebicum Junghn. Sterculiaceae
(Mun.), Bayur (Ind.)
305 Kandunga (Tol.) Symplocos cf. rubiginosa Wall. Symplocaceae
306 Kasu Api Api Symplocos sp. Symplocaceae
307 Bolili/Bololi Adinandra brassii Kob. Theaceae
308 Bolo Ndina Adinandra subunguiculata Kob. Theaceae
309 - Phaleria capitata Jack Thymelaceae
310 Kole Grewia microcos L. Tiliaceae
311 Morobite Celtis phillipensis Blanco Ulmaceae
Korumba (Tol.), Sulewe
312 unidentified unidentified
(Mun.)
313 Bite Bite Elastotema sinuata (Blume) Hassk. Urticaceae
314 Api Api (mangrove) Avicennia alba Blume Verbenaceae
315 Api Api (mangrove) Avicennia marina (Forsskal) Vierh. Verbenaceae
316 Bitti Komba (1) Vitex sp. Verbenaceae
317 Bonearate (1) Vitex cf. glabrata R.Br. Verbenaceae
318 Bote Bote Callicarpa longifolia Lamk. Verbenaceae
319 Jati (Mun.) Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae
320 Kasu Wurokou (1) Vitex pinnata L. Verbenaceae
Kulipapo (Tol.), Gofasa/
321 Fafa (Mun.), Bitti (Bug.) Vitex cofassus Reinw ex Blume Verbenaceae
(1)
Tombira (Tol.),Tompira
322 Clerodendron sp. Verbenaceae
(Mun.)
323 Wiau Ndahi Clerodendrum sp. Verbenaceae
Teijsmanniodendron hollrungii
324 - Verbenaceae
(Warb.) Kostrm.
325 Silamba Langgai Cissus haslata (Miq.) Planch. Vitaceae
326 Kasu Pai unidentified
Kawo (Tol.), Rombo
327 unidentified
(Mun.)
328 Nonohu (Tol.) unidentified
50
GAMBAR BEBERAPA
JENIS TUMBUHAN PENTING
Eboni disebut juga Kayu Hitam Sulawesi (Diospyros celebica), merupakan kayu kelas awet
dan kelas kuat 1, termasuk kayu mewah (fancy wood). Warna kayunya hitam loreng yang sangat
disukai oleh konsumen terutama untuk bahan meubel.
Checklist
Kalaero Batu (Diospyros sp.), kualitas kayu termasuk kelas kuat dan kelas awet 1, warna
kayu teras hitam sangat mirip eboni, tumbuh di tanah berbatu, lereng berbukit, dan biasanya
tidak berkelompok melainkan hidup satu per satu.
52
GAMBAR BEBERAPA JENIS TUMBUHAN PENTING
Kasumeeto (Tolaki), Gito gito (Muna), Diospyros pilosanthera merupakan jenis pohon dari
suku Ebenaceae, banyak dijumpai di hutan-hutan dataran rendah di Sulawesi. Kayunya juga
termasuk kayu kelas kuat dan kelas awet 2, memiliki warna kayu hitam loreng, kulit batang
pohon mengelupas, tumbuh di tanah yang relatif lembap, atau dekat sumber air.
53
Checklist
Gofasa (Tolaki), Fafa (Muna), Bitti (Bugis), Vitex cofasus, memiliki kualitas kayu yang
sangat baik, termasuk kelas kuat dan kelas awet 1, banyak digunakan untuk pembuatan
bangunan terutama rumah dan meubel, serta untuk perahu. Kayunya mudah dikerjakan
namun sangat kuat. Pak La Tie, seorang Tolaki, yang berdomisili di Desa Ulunese, Konawe
Selatan, merupakan pengenal jenis tumbuhan yang sangat handal dan memiliki pengalaman
yang sangat luas mengenai hutan dan ekosistemnya.
54
Asana (Tolaki), Cendrana (Bugis) atau Angsana (Indonesia), Pterocarpus indicus termasuk
kayu berkualias sangat bagus, digunakan terutama untuk meubel, dinding rumah, dan kayu
untuk konstruksi berat lainnya. Tolaki mengenal tiga varietas Asana yaitu Asana Ngguluri (kayu
teras loreng coklat kemerahan, paling kuat dan paling mahal harganya), Asana Ndiolu (kayu
teras loreng kekuningan), dan Asana Nggowuna (kayu teras putih). Perbedaan warna kayu teras
terebut bukan karena perbedaan tanah/tempat tumbuh, melainkan varietasnya yang berbeda.
55
Checklist
Kolaka wai (Tolaki), Kolasa (Muna), Parinari corimbosa, umumnya memiliki batang
pohon yang tinggi dan lurus.
56
Upi (Tolaki), Qefi (Muna), Bayam (Bugis), Merbau (Indonesia), Intsia bijuga, memiliki
kelas kuat dan kelas awet 1, banyak dicari terutama untuk taing rumah, kusen, dinding, kayu
untuk jembatan dan untuk perahu. Karena banyak dilakukan penebangan, upi saat ini sudah
semakin langka.
57
Checklist
Lara/Nona (Tolaki), Kayu Besi (Indonesia), Metrosideros petiolata, memiliki kelas kuat dan
kelas awet 1, digunakan terutama untuk pembuatan perahu dan bangunan rumah.
58
Takulendahi (Tolaki), Berru (Bugis), Garuga floribunda, memilki kualitas kayu yang
tinggi, termasuk banyak dicari untuk bahan bangunan rumah di Sulawesi.
59
Checklist
Tembeua (Kjellbergiodendron celebicum) dari suku Myrtaceae termasuk kelas kuat dan kelas
awet 1, termasuk kayu yang banyak ditebang sehingga populasinya semakin menurun.
60
Kokabu (Tolaki), Kalengka (Muna), Anthocephalus macrophyllus.
61
COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF
VEGETATION
(Komposisi dan Struktur Vegetasi)
Vegetation analysis was aimed to describe composition, structure and predominant plant
species in the forests including seedling and undergrowth, saplings, poles and trees. Composition
and structure of vegetation were focused in Tanjung Peropa wildlife reserve at three forest
blocks namely Kalobo, Lawio, and Tambenga representing south, centre and northern parts
of the reserve respectively. Line transects method were used to distribute nested plots for
vegetation analysis. The nested plots were systematically placed along these transects at each of
the habitat types (riverine, lowland, rocky lowland, and bamboo forests), one every 50 m and
alternating sides. A total of 186 plots were sampled at the three forest blocks consisting 112
plots in Kalobo Forest (26 plot in the riverine forest, 17 plots in the bamboo forest, 36 plots
in the lowland forest, and 23 plots in the rocky-cliffs forest), 17 plots in Lawio Forest and 57
plots in Tambeanga Forest.
Plants were classified as tree, pole, sapling, seedling and undergrowth. Those woody plants
with a diameter at breast height (dbh, 1.3 m) of > 20 cm were listed as trees. Poles are woody
plants with dbh > 10 cm to ≤ 20 cm. Saplings are woody plants with height > 1.5 m and dbh
≤ 10cm. Seedlings are woody plants up to 1.5 m height. The undergrowth community, which
includes herbs, lianas, ferns and grasses, was recorded in the seedlings plots. The plot sizes
were 20 m x 20 m for trees, 10 m x 10 m for poles, 5 m x 5 m for saplings and 2 m x 2 m
for seedlings and undergrowth. The smaller plots were nested within the bigger plots, giving
nested sampling. Bamboos and rattans were recorded in the 20 m by 20 m plots along with
trees. The numbers of clumps of bamboos and rattans were counted and the number of stems
per clump were recorded for a sample of clumps. Fruit-bearing tree species were recorded and
their fruiting was monitored all year round to determine the availability of the fruits eaten by
the animals.
Checklist
Design of line transects for distribution of nested plots for vegetation analyses; larger plots
enclose the smaller plots (nested sampling).
A : 2 m x 2 m (seedlings and undergrowth species, height up to 1.5 m)
B : 5 m x 5 m (saplings, height > 1.5 m to dbh ≤ 10 cm )
C : 10 m x 10 m (poles, dbh > 10 cm to ≤ 20cm)
D : 20 m x 20 m ( trees dbh > 20 cm, and rattan and bamboo clumps)
The dominant plant species in each of the forest types were determined by their Species-
Importance-Value (SIV) (Curtis and Cottam, 1964). The SIV is based on each species’ Relative
Density (N %), Relative Frequency (F %) and Relative Dominancy (BA %). Relative Density
is the number of individuals of one species as a percentage of the total number of individuals
of all species. Relative Frequency is defined as the number of occurrences of one species in the
plots as a percentage of the total number of occurrences of all species. Relative Dominancy,
which was based on the basal area of the trees (BA %), is the total basal area of one tree species
as a percentage of the total basal area of all tree species. The Species Importance Value (SIV) is
the total sum of N %, F % and BA % for trees, poles and sapling stages of tree species, and the
sum of N % and F % for seedlings and species of the undergrowth communities.
All of the herbarium specimen collected in the field were transpoted to Bogor for scientific
identification in Herbarium Bogoriense of Indonesian Institut of Science (LIPI), Bogor.
Despite the vegetation community in this area is classified as lowland forest (less than
1000 m asl), the reserve encompasses a wide range of habitats including patchy mangrove
forest, beach forest, riverine forest, bamboo thickets, lowland forest, rocky-lowland forests and
rock-cliffs forests. Tanjung Peropa extends from 0 m to 900 m above sea level. Rugged terrain,
rock-cliffs, dense forest, primary forest and emergent trees of up to 50 m in height are the
main characteristics of the reserve, and in many parts of the study sites the slopes are up to 900.
Approximately one-third of the reserve (approximately 13,000 ha) comprises rock-cliffs forest
formation, particularly along the eastern borders of the reserve. Vegetation communities in
Tanjung Peropa at three forest (Kalobo, Tambeanga and Lawio) are as follow:
64
Komposisi dan Struktur Vegetasi
Kalobo Forest
Kalobo forest is in the southern tip of Tanjung Peropa covering an area of approximately
4,000 ha extending from 50 to 600 m above sea level. At least four habitat types are in this
forest including riverine forest, bamboo forest, lowland forest and rocky-lowland forests. As
in any other lowland tropical rain forest, canopy cover of the forest types ranges from 80 to
100 %. The forests are characterised by emergent trees having large buttresses in the valleys
and along the river banks and by a dense undergrowth community particularly rich in rattans
Calamus spp. (at least 22 rattans species have been recorded in this reserve), lianas and herbs.
Riverine Forest – Riverine forest, situated along the river, is influenced by both the wet
conditions and by the new sediments deposited on the inside of meanders of the river. The
riverine forest forms a narrow belt along the river and its tributaries, ranging from 0 to 200 m
of the river banks and covering an area of 250 ha at 50–200 m above sea level.
Forty three plant species with diameters of 20 cm or more at breast height were recorded
in this forest. The total density of the trees is 113 trees/ha and the total basal area is 17.9 m2/ha.
Vegetation community is dominated by Pittosporum sp. which is a distinctive species along the
river banks, some individuals of which reached 30 m in height and 1.5–2 m in diameter at breast
height. Other species include Diospyros malabarica, Ficus spp. and Dracontomelon mangiferum,
fruits of which are eaten by several mammals including particularly lowland anoa, (Bubalus
depressicornis) Sulawesi warty pig (Sus celebensis) and Sulawesi black macaque (Macaca ochreata)
and by some birds including Red-knobbed hornbill (Rhyticeros cassidix), Tarictic hornbill
(Phenelopides exarhatus) and doves and pigeons of the Columbidae family. The emergent trees
of Octomelos sumatrana reached 60 m in height with a 1.5 m girth, and could be found along
the river banks. This species is sought after by the local people, particularly for making boats,
since it has long, straight, free boles with large diameter. Other trees that could be found along
the riverine forest include Pometia pinnata whose fruits are eaten by the mammals and birds.
The edible fruit of Pangium edule and Artocarpus sp. are common along the river banks;
some of these trees have buttresses up to 2 m in height which are frequently used by the
terrestrial animals as cover. Fruits of these plants are eaten by lowland anoa, Sulawesi wild
pig and Sulawesi black macaque. On the rugged areas of the river banks, the sugar palm
Arenga pinnata is common. Of the middle-storey community, the predominant species are
Lophopetalum fimbriatum, Homalium tomentosum and Canagium odoratum.
Of the undergrowth, the predominant species are rattans Calamus spp., Elastotema rostratum
and Leea aculeata. Six species of rattans were recorded in this forest having a density of 695
clumps/ha which is the highest density of rattans amongst the studied habitat types. Scattered
bamboo clumps could also be found in the riverine forest, providing food and cover for the
lowland anoa. The 1m- tall herb Elastotema rostratum is the most common (3269 stems/ha)
undergrowth species in this forest, particularly in sites with high humidity, specifically around
water holes and springs. This herb is eaten by the lowland anoas. Other undergrowth species in
this habitat type include Donax cunnaeformis (2019 stems/ha) and a fern Microlepia sp. (673
stems/ha). This fern is eaten by lowland anoa, wild pig and rusa deer in the reserves.
65
Checklist
At least two water holes were in this forest; each was 4 m wide and 0.5 m deep. The water
holed were frequented by the lowland anoa and wild pigs, and were situated 30 m from the
river banks and surrounded by undergrowth such as Pachystachys coccinea, Elastotema rostratum,
Donax cunnaeformis, bamboos and rattans. Foot-prints and dung of the anoas were frequently
observed around the water holes. Composition and SIV of each of the vegetation stages (seedling
and undergrowth, sapling, poles, and trees) in riverine forest listed on Tables 1–4.
Bamboo forest - Bamboos occupy a wide range of habitats ranging from the riverine
forest, lowland forest and rock-lowland forest up to 800 m above sea level. In many parts of the
reserve, bamboos dominated the vegetation community with the canopy coverage represented
more than 80 % of the vegetation community. The bamboo forest covers an area of 250 ha
extending from 50 to 200 m above sea level. The bamboo forest is situated immediately next
to the riverine forest or immediately on the river banks, making the bamboo forest itself a
riverine forest. Two species of bamboos were recorded in the reserve, Schizostachyum lima and
Schizostachyum cf brachycladum. The first species has smaller stems, 2–3 cm diameter and 5 m
tall, and is found mainly on flat areas, while the latter species has larger trunks, some of which
reached 15 cm in diameter and 30 m in height, and prefers rugged areas.
The total density for Schizostachyum lima is 265 clumps/ha at 42 stems/ha, while for
Schizostachyum cf brachycladum the total density is 136 clumps/ha at 30 stems/clump. The
canopy cover of the bamboo forest is 80–100%. Shoots and young leaves of the bamboos are
eaten by lowland anoa.
Dicotyledonous trees species that could be found in the bamboo forest include
Kjelbergiodendron celebicum, Dracontomelon mangiferum, Parkia roxburghii and Garcinia dulcis,
fruits of all of which are eaten by lowland anoa, wild pigs and Sulawesi black macaque. Despite
the trees density in this forest being relatively high (107 trees/ha), the total basal area of trees
was relatively low (7.5 m2/ha) compared to that of the riverine and lowland forests. Of the
middle vegetation community, the edible leaves and fruits of Gnetum gnemon could be found
in the bamboo forest.
At least two water holes were in the bamboo forest, with diameters of 6 m and 3 m
respectively, and tributaries in this habitat types have become water sources for the animals.
Bamboo clumps provide shelter and cover for the animals. A giant fallen hollow tree of
Pterocarpus indicus, with a dbh 1.5 m and 15 m length, in the bamboo forest was frequently
used by the anoas as shelter both at night and by day and during heavy rains. Its use was
indicated by the foot-prints and fresh dung of the anoas inside the hollow tree. Composition
and SIV of each of the vegetation stages (seedling and undergrowth, sapling, poles, and trees)
in bamboo forest are listed on Tables 5–8.
Lowland forest –Lowland forest in this study site is defined as forest other than the
riverine, bamboo and rocky-lowland forests. The lowland forest covers vast area of the reserve,
representing two-thirds of the area. In Kalobo, this forest covers an area of about 2,000 ha, 50%
of the forest in this study site, ranging from 50 to 600 m above sea level.
66
Lowland forest has the highest plant species diversity, including canopy trees, middle
storey and undergrowth species. A total of 55 trees with diameters of 20 cm or more at breast
height are known. The total density of the trees is 94 trees/ha and their total basal area is
10.5 m2/ha. Of the trees, the predominant species are Diospyros malabarica, Canangium
odoratum, Lophopetalum fimbricatum, Parkia roxburghii, Tetrameles nudiflora and Octomelos
sumatrana, which reached 50 m in height and had buttresses up to 3 m tall. The middle stratum
vegetation community is predominantly composed of Gnetum gnemon, Orophea enneandra,
and Cleistanthus sumatranus.
Rattans are the main vegetation community of the undergrowth, where nine species of
rattans were recorded in this forest with a density of 250 clumps/ha, of which Calamus zollingeri
(182 clumps/ha) was the predominant species. Other palms that could be found in this forest
are Caryota mytis and Livistonia rotundifolia. As in the other habitat types, clumps of bamboos
could be found all over the forest. Of the herb community, Elastotema rostratum (6875 stems/
ha) dominated this area particularly along the water courses, and around water holes and springs
in this forest.
Springs and water courses frequented by lowland anoas and wild pigs could also be found
in the lowland forest. At least two permanent springs, each having a 10 m diameter, were
known in this forest type. They were situated under dense bamboo clumps and undergrowth of
Pandanus sp., and surrounded by the 2m-tall herb Donax cunnaeformis and the common herb
Elastotema rostratum and tall trees of Artocarpus sp. Two sightings of lowland anoa and hoof-
prints of the animals on the springs suggest that these springs have become focal points for the
animals. Composition and SIV of each of the vegetation stages (seedling and undergrowth,
sapling, poles, and trees) in lowland forest are listed on Tables 9–12.
Rocky-cliffs lowland forest- Rocky lowland forest dominated along the eastern side of
Tanjung Peropa, characterized by massive rocks, caves and rock-cliff formations at 200–600 m
elevation and covering an area of 1,500 ha. Compared with forests on deeper soils, such as the
riverine, bamboo and lowland forest, forest in this rocky habitat has few trees species. A total
of 36 trees with diameters of 20 cm or more at breast height were recorded in this habitat type.
The total density of trees is 96 trees/ha and the total basal area is 9.5 m2/ha. On the deeper
soils in between the massive rocks and caves and in the valleys, tree species such as Barringtonia
acutangula, Diospyros pilosanthera, Tetrameles nudiflora, Celtis philippensis, Rhodamnia mulleri,
and Mimusops bojeri are common and some of the trees reached 40–45 m in height. The upper
parts of the limestone are clothed in small trees growing 10–15 m tall out of cracks and small
pockets of soil, while on the steepest cliffs, the most common trees are figs, Ficus spp. Clumps
of bamboos could be found on the pockets of soil in the wetter parts of the forest. Plants of the
undergrowth community that are frequently eaten by the lowland anoas in this area include
Leptapsis banksii, Elastotema rostratum, Microlepia sp. and Isachne albens. In the forest gaps, the
undergrowth community is dominated by the spiny shrub Rubus moluccanus. Composition and
SIV of each of the vegetation stages (seedling and undergrowth, sapling, poles, and trees) in
rocky-cliffs lowland forest are listed on Tables 13–16.
67
Checklist
Lawio/Awiu Forest
Lawio forest is situated in the middle of Tanjung Peropa at 700–900 m above sea level
covering a forested area of approximately 3,000 ha, characterised by extremely rugged terrains,
mountainous and with waterfall on the river and its tributaries. The waterfall has become a focal
point within the site particularly for the water-dependant animals, anoa and Sulawesi warty pig.
Three anoas were encountered within 700 m of the waterfall and faeces of the animals were
abundant within 500 m of the site. Given its location in ‘untouched’ forest, the availability
of anoa food plants, shelter, and cover and the waterfall, this forest offers good refuge for the
secretive anoas. Several groups of Sulawesi black macaque were also sighted around the waterfall
basin. The predator, rock python Python molurus was common around the waterfall.
Vegetation community in this area is predominantly dominated by Lithocarpus celebicus,
Magnolia pterocarpa, Palaquium obtusifolium, Dillenia ochreata and Ficus sp., while undergrowth
is predominantly Calamus spp., Lee indica, Meliosma nitida, Cycas rumphii and many species
of ferns Microlepia sp. and climbing bamboo, Racemobambos. This forest has a density of 100
trees/ha and a basal area of 27.5 m2/ha for all of the trees species combined. At 900 m elevation,
which is the peak of the mountain situated immediately at above of the waterfall, the vegetation
community is dominated by Glochidion molle, Syzygium sp., Cinnamomum celebicum and
Rhodamnia mulleri with a density of 152 trees/ha and a basal area of 10.2 m2/ha. Composition
and SIV of each of the vegetation stages (seedling and undergrowth, sapling, poles, and trees)
in Lawio are listed on Tables 17–20.
Tambeanga Forest
Tambeanga forest is in the northern tip of Tanjung Peropa, extending from the thin belts
of mangrove and beach forests to the rock-cliffs forest up to 700 m above sea level, and covering
an area of approximately 4,000 ha. Sonneratia alba and Rhizophora apiculata are the dominant
mangrove species in this forest. In the beach forest the predominant species are Hibiscus
tiliaceus, Thespesia populnea, and Cynometra ramiflora; Pandanus spp. are common. The rocky-
cliffs lowland forest is found at 200–400 m elevation, and in it 83 trees species were recorded
with a density of 132 trees/ha and a basal area of 12.0 m2/ha for all of the trees species.
The vegetation community in the rocky-lowland forest is predominantly local iron-
wood Metrosideros petiolata, Diospyros malabarica, Pterospermum diversifolium, Pterocymbium
tinctorium and Heritiera trifoliata and the undergrowth community is dominated by rattans
(237.5 clumps/ha) and Bambusa spp. Nine species of rattans were recorded in this forest, of
which Calamus zollingeri (92 clumps/ha), Calamus sp. (75.5 clumps/ha) and Daemonorops
robusta (32.5 clumps/ha) were the predominant species. At 400–700 m elevation, the landscape
is dominated by rock-cliffs and limestone that is clothed by small trees dominated by Ficus spp.
A distinctive vegetation community was found at 300 m elevation at the so called Laloeha Forest
Block by the local people, referring to the trees species Eha (Castanopsis argentea) which forms
68
about 90 percent of the trees in this forest, covering an area of 10 ha. Foot-prints and dung of
lowland anoa were mainly found at 150–400 m elevation. Composition and SIV of each of the
vegetation stages (seedling and undergrowth, sapling, poles, and trees) in Tambeanga are listed
on Tables 21–24.
69
KALOBO FOREST
A total of 112 plots were sampled in Kalobo Forest
(26 plots in riverine, 17 in bamboo, 36 plotss in lowland
and 23 plots in rocky-cliffs forests)
Tables 1–4
Composition and Structure of Vegetation in Riverine Forest,
Kalobo, Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserve
Table 1. Floristic composition of seedling (height up to 1.5 m) and undergrowth assemblage

in Riverine Forest, Kalobo, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number
of trees, F=Frequency
Vernacular N F SIV
No Botanical name N N/ha F
name (%) (%) (%
1 Tokoalinda Elastotema rostratum 34 3269.2 12.3 5 3.7 16.0
2 Kasu meeto Diospyros pilosanthera 17 1634.6 6.1 10 7.4 13.5
3 Onese Donax cunneiformis 21 2019.2 7.6 8 5.9 13.5
4 We Noko Daemonorops robusta 19 1826.9 6.9 8 5.9 12.8
5 Takalea Iwoi Leea aculeata 6 576.9 2.2 6 4.4 6.6
6 Lahu lahu Meliosma nitida 8 769.2 2.9 5 3.7 6.6
7 Hao Dongi Tetracera scandens 10 961.5 3.6 4 3.0 6.6
8 We Umili Calamus sp. 9 865.4 3.2 4 3.0 6.2
9 Huhubi Artocarpus dasyphyllus 15 1442.3 5.4 1 0.7 6.2
10 Panggu panggu Christella papilio 10 961.5 3.6 3 2.2 5.8
11 Lalinggondaro Goniothalamus sp. 9 865.4 3.2 3 2.2 5.5
12 Tanggeambali Homalium tomentosum 5 480.8 1.8 4 3.0 4.8
13 We Kilala Calamus sp. 7 673.1 2.5 3 2.2 4.7
14 Ewu Plachonia valida 4 384.6 1.4 4 3.0 4.4
15 Ombana watu Mallotus oblongifolius 8 769.2 2.9 2 1.5 4.4
Checklist

of trees, F=Frequency (cont.)
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%
16 Mehere Drypetes cf globosa 5 480.8 1.8 3 2.2 4.0
17 Paku hada Microlepia sp. 7 673.1 2.5 2 1.5 4.0
18 Puta Barringtonia racemosa 4 384.6 1.4 3 2.2 3.7
19 Towure Palaquium obtusofolium 6 576.9 2.2 2 1.5 3.6
Kjelbergiodendron
20 Tembeuwa 3 288.5 1.1 3 2.2 3.3
celebicum
21 Tauba Lygodium circinatum 5 480.8 1.8 2 1.5 3.3
Tokoalinda
22 Pachystachys coccinea 6 576.9 2.2 1 0.7 2.9
ngginiku
23 Hao Mbandita Arcangelisia flava 3 288.5 1.1 2 1.5 2.6
24 Orope Wila Nephelium lappaceum 3 288.5 1.1 2 1.5 2.6
25 Bosilu Aglaia sp. 2 192.3 0.7 2 1.5 2.2
Hao
26 Quisqualis indica 2 192.3 0.7 2 1.5 2.2
Nggulipapo
Lophopetalum
27 Kote 2 192.3 0.7 2 1.5 2.2
fimbricatum
28 Morobite Celtis philippensis 2 192.3 0.7 2 1.5 2.2
Pepundi
29 Alphonsea javanica 2 192.3 0.7 2 1.5 2.2
Nggasu
30 Pundikia Musa sp. 2 192.3 0.7 2 1.5 2.2
31 We Bao Calamus zolligeri 3 288.5 1.1 1 0.7 1.8
32 unknown Maesa perlarius 3 288.5 1.1 1 0.7 1.8
33 Lae Alpinia sp. 2 192.3 0.7 1 0.7 1.5
34 Wonggia ndehu Eugenia sp. 2 192.3 0.7 1 0.7 1.5
35 unkonown Kibara cf. coriacea 2 192.3 0.7 1 0.7 1.5
36 Besulo Canarium hirsutum 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
Calophyllum
37 Bitai 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
membranaceum
38 Dongi Wormia ochreata 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
Pithecollobium
39 Hao Mbeleuti 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
umbellatum
72

of trees, F=Frequency. (cont.)
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%
Hao
40 Milletia splendissima 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
Ndanggambaa
Pithecollobium cf
41 Hao Wilalo 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
celebicum
42 Kabuko Syzygium sp. 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
43 Kaleuwi Petunga microcarpa 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
44 Kasu Tanu Cryptocarya infectori 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
45 Kasu Wai Orophea enneandra 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
46 Komba komba Eupatorium odoratum 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
47 Kosimbo cf. Hedycium 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
48 Kowa biasa unidentified 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
49 Kulipapo Vitex cofasus 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
50 Munde munde Capparis micrantha 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
51 Naha Iwoi Pandanus sp. 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
52 Ombana biasa Mallotus sp. 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
53 Pedengisi Garcinia balica 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
54 Pute pute mata Macaranga gigantea 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
55 Sirih hutan Piper cf. betle 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
56 Taloe Cynometra ramiflora 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
57 Tawa Huko Gnetum gnemon 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
Pterocymbium
58 Toluto 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
tinctorium
59 Towula Mallotus sp. 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
Tuduho
60 Clerodendron buchananii 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
Nggalopua
61 Uru Magnolia pterocarpa 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
62 wayu Pterospermum celebicum 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
63 We Tohiti Calamus symphysipus 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
64 Welepo Semecarpus cuneiformis 1 96.2 0.4 1 0.7 1.1
73
Checklist
Table 2. Floristic composition of sapling (height > 1.5 m and dbh ≤ 10 cm ) assemblage in
Riverine Forest, Kalobo, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of
trees, F=Frequency of occurrence, and BA=Basal Area
Vernacular N F BA BA SIV
name (%) (%) (m2/ha) ( %) (%)
1 Takalea Iwoi Leea sp. 3 46 8.6 3 9.4 0.0045 7.5 25.4
2 Tanggeambali Homalium tomentosum 2 31 5.7 2 6.3 0.0046 7.6 19.6
3 Puta Barringtonia racemosa 2 31 5.7 2 6.3 0.0039 6.5 18.5
4 Kasu Ngginiku Aglaia argentea 2 31 5.7 2 6.3 0.0027 4.5 16.4
Lophopetalum
5 Kote 2 31 5.7 1 3.1 0.0041 6.8 15.7
fimbriatum
Palaquium
6 Towure 2 31 5.7 1 3.1 0.0039 6.5 15.4
obtusifolium
7 Welepo Semecarpus cuneiformis 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0050 8.4 14.4
8 Wonggia Syzygium polyanthum 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0050 8.4 14.4
9 Morobite Celtis philippensis 2 31 5.7 2 6.3 0.0010 1.7 13.7
10 Ondolia Canangium odoratum 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0039 6.4 12.4
11 X16 (cf eugenia) Syzygium luzonense 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0028 4.7 10.7
12 Kasu meeto Diospyros pilosanthera 2 31 5.7 1 3.1 0.0010 1.7 10.5
13 Kasu wai Orophea enneandra 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0020 3.3 9.3
14 Orope wila Nepehlium lappaceum 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0020 3.3 9.3
15 Bosilu Aglaia sp. 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0013 2.1 8.1
16 Kasu Wurakow Vitex pinnata 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0013 2.1 8.1
17 Kasu Meeto (2) Diospyros sp. 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0013 2.1 8.1
18 Koumba Madhuca sp. 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0013 2.1 8.1
19 Longahi Acalypha boehmerioides 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0013 2.1 8.1
20 Ombana Watu Mallotus oblongifolius 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0013 2.1 8.1
21 See Evodia celebica 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0013 2.1 8.1
22 Susua meeto Anaxagorea javanica 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0013 2.1 8.1
23 Tompira Clerodendron sp. 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0013 2.1 8.1
24 Wehuko mea Ficus variegata 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0013 2.1 8.1
Symplocos cf.
25 Kandunga 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0007 1.2 7.2
rubiginosa
26 Mehere Drypetes cf globosa 1 15 2.9 1 3.1 0.0003 0.5 6.5
74
Table 3. Floristic composition of poles (dbh >10 cm to ≤ 20 cm) assemblage in Riverine

Forest, Kalobo, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of trees,
F=Frequency, and BA=Basal Area
name (%) (%) (m /ha) (%)
2
(%)
Lophopetalum
1 Kote 3 12 0.3 3 0.7 0.0539 11.2 32.2
fimbriatum
Diospyros
2 Kasu meeto 3 12 0.3 3 10.7 0.0432 8.9 30.0
pilosanthera
Canangium
3 Ondolia 3 12 0.3 2 7.1 0.0567 11.7 29.2
odoratum
4 Lahu lahu Meliosma nitida 3 12 10.3 3 0.7 0.0334 6.9 28.0
Homalium
5 Tanggeambali 2 8 6.9 2 0.1 0.0280 5.8 19.8
tomentosum
Palaquium
6 Towure 2 8 6.9 2 7.1 0.0246 5.1 19.1
obtusifolium
Tetrameles
7 Bolongita 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0284 5.9 12.9
nudiflora
8 Kasu Tanu Drypetes infectori 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0284 5.9 12.9
Nephelium
9 Orope wila 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0284 5.9 12.9
lappaceum
10 Pangi Pangium edule 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0284 5.9 12.9
11 Pokae Ficus sp. 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0284 5.9 12.9
12 Towula Mallotus sp. 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0284 5.9 12.9
13 Kuma biasa Litsea grandis 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0177 3.7 10.7
14 Toho Artocarpus sp. 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0177 3.7 10.7
15 Upi Intsia bijuga 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0113 2.3 9.4
Pepundi
16 Alphonsea javanica 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0079 1.6 8.6
Nggasu
Semecarpus
17 Welepo 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0079 1.6 8.6
cuneiformis
18 Woro woro Saurauia pendula 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0079 1.6 8.6
19 Mehere Drypetes cf. globosa 1 4 3.4 1 3.6 0.0028 0.6 7.6
75
Checklist
Table 4. Floristic composition of trees (dbh > 20 cm) in Riverine Forest, Kalobo, ranked by
Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of trees, F=Frequency, and BA=Basal
Area
Vernacular N/ N F BA BA SIV
No Botanical name N F
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) ( %)
2
(%)
1 Hehea walu Pittosporum sp. 7 7 6.0 5 4.9 5.3819 28.8 39.7
Diospyros
3 Kasu meeto 10 10 8.5 6 5.8 0.8694 4.7 19.0
pilosanthera
4 Kapu wone Ficus sp. 4 4 3.4 4 3.9 2.1756 11.7 19.0
Dracontomelon
5 Rao 7 7 6.0 6 5.8 0.8954 4.8 16.6
mangiferum
6 Toho Artocarpus sp. 6 6 5.1 6 5.8 0.7032 3.8 14.7
Canangium
8 Ondolia 7 7 6.0 5 4.9 0.3848 2.1 12.9
odoratum
9 Kolaka biasa Lithocarpus sp. 4 4 3.4 4 3.9 0.7069 3.8 11.1
Pterocymbium
10 Toluto 4 4 3.4 4 3.9 0.6620 3.5 10.8
tinctorium
Pterospermum
11 Wayu 4 4 3.4 4 3.9 0.3711 2.0 9.3
celebicum
Pute pute
12 Macaranga gigantea 4 4 3.4 4 3.9 0.2393 1.3 8.6
mata
13 Besulo Canarium hirsutum 4 4 3.4 4 3.9 0.2285 1.2 8.5
Kasu Homalium
14 4 4 3.4 3 2.9 0.3318 1.8 8.1
Tanggeambali tomentosum
15 Kasu Ta Canarium hirsutum 3 3 2.6 3 2.9 0.4477 2.4 7.9
16 Roda Erythrinasubumbrans 2 2 1.7 2 1.9 0.6283 3.4 7.0
17 Ewu Planchonia valida 2 2 1.7 2 1.9 0.2278 1.2 4.9
Semecarpus
19 Welepo 2 2 1.7 2 1.9 0.0694 0.4 4.0
cuneiformis
20 Benua Octomelos sumatrana 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.3849 2.1 3.9
Kapu lesea
21 Ficus drupacea 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.3849 2.1 3.9
hoa
22 Bonearate Vitex cf glabrata 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.3318 1.8 3.6
24 Usangi Ndehu Fatoua pilosa 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.1964 1.1 2.9
25 Motolindi Aglaia edulis 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.1590 0.9 2.7
76
Table 4. Floristic composition of trees (dbh > 20 cm) in Riverine Forest, Kalobo, ranked by
Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of trees, F=Frequency, and BA=Basal
Area. (cont.)
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) ( %) (%)
26 Kaloba Inocarpus fagiferus 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0962 0.5 2.3
Lophopetalum
27 Kote 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0962 0.5 2.3
fimbriatum
28 Nonohu unidentified 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0962 0.5 2.3
Diospyros
29 Kalaero 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0707 0.4 2.2
pilosanthera
30 Kasu Tanu Cryptocarya infectori 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0707 0.4 2.2
31 Oninda Ficus macrophyllus 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0707 0.4 2.2
33 unkonown Syzygium luzonense 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0707 0.4 2.2
34 unknown unidentified 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0491 0.3 2.1
Duabanga
35 Kawo 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0491 0.3 2.1
moluccana
36 Kolipu Lithocarpus sp. 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0491 0.3 2.1
37 Hokio Evodia speciosa 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0416 0.2 2.0
Palaquium
38 Towure 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0416 0.2 2.0
obtusifolium
Hahi hahi Solanum
39 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0380 0.2 2.0
ngisi verbascifolium
40 Lalinggondaro Goniothalamus sp. 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0380 0.2 2.0
41 Lobani Nauclea calycina 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0380 0.2 2.0
42 cf Kedondong Schefflera elliptica 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0314 0.2 2.0
Lingato Dendrocnide cf.
43 1 1 0.9 1 1.0 0.0314 0.2 2.0
ngginiku peltata
77
Tables 5-8
Vegetation analysis in Bamboo Forest

in Bamboo Forest, Kalobo, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
Cleistanthus
1 Holea 86 12647.1 29.1 8 8.6 37.7
sumatranus
2 Kasu Tanu Cryptocarya infectori 57 8382.4 19.3 4 4.3 23.6
Kjelbergiodendron
3 Tembeuwa 33 4852.9 11.1 9 9.7 20.8
celebicum
4 Kasu meeto Diospyros malabarica 10 1470.6 3.4 5 5.4 8.8
5 Kalaero Diospyros malabarica 6 882.4 2.0 5 5.4 7.4
6 Konduri Parkia roxburghii 7 1029.4 2.4 4 4.3 6.7
7 Nguru Heritiera trifoliata 10 1470.6 3.4 3 3.2 6.6
8 Kura Langga Centotheca lappacea 15 2205.9 5.1 1 1.1 6.1
9 Bomba wuta Marantha sp. 5 735.3 1.7 3 3.2 4.9
Artocarpus
10 Huhubi 5 735.3 1.7 3 3.2 4.9
dasyphyllus
Nephelium
11 Orope wila 5 735.3 1.7 3 3.2 4.9
lappaceum
12 Hao Mbandita Arcangelisia flava 3 441.2 1.0 3 3.2 4.2
13 Mehere Drypetes cf globosa 3 441.2 1.0 3 3.2 4.2
14 Morobite Celtis philippensis 4 588.2 1.4 2 2.2 3.5
15 Tauba Lygodium circinatum 4 588.2 1.4 2 2.2 3.5
16 Hao Dongi Tetracera scandens 3 441.2 1.0 2 2.2 3.2
17 Paku hada Microlepia sp. 3 441.2 1.0 2 2.2 3.2
Checklist

Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
18 Karematu Dehaasia caesia 2 294.1 0.7 2 2.2 2.8
19 Pedengisi Garcinia balica 2 294.1 0.7 2 2.2 2.8
20 Sosoreu Leea aculeata 2 294.1 0.7 2 2.2 2.8
21 Wako Caryota mytis 2 294.1 0.7 2 2.2 2.8
Kapu kapu
22 unidentified 4 588.2 1.4 1 1.1 2.4
dahu
Pterospermum
23 Belengana 2 294.1 0.7 1 1.1 1.8
diversifolium
24 We Umili Calamus sp. 2 294.1 0.7 1 1.1 1.8
25 We Wulo Calamus sp. 2 294.1 0.7 1 1.1 1.8
26 Besulo Canarium sp. 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
Calophyllum
27 Bitai 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
membranaceum
Phytocrene
28 Hao lahu lahu 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
macrophylla
Hao
29 Mimosa sp. 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
Nggonduri
Hao
30 Quisqualis indica 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
Nggulipapo
31 Kadapai Amorphophallus sp. 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
32 Kasu wai Orophea enneandra 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
33 Kolaka Lithocarpus sp. 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
34 Kolaka Wai Oxymitra cf filipes 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
Euphorianthus
35 Koleuhu 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
obtusatus
36 Kowuna Bambusa sp. 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
37 Lobani Mbute Nauclea obtusa 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
Ellatostachys
38 Orope meeto 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
verrucosa
80

Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
39 Rema Arenga pinnata 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
Erythrina
40 Roda 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
subumbrans
41 Sokibiri Pouteria sp. 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
42 Tawa Huko Drypetes minahassae 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
43 We Tarompu Calamus sp. 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
Archidendron
44 Wilalo dahu 1 147.1 0.3 1 1.1 1.4
ellipticum
Bamboo Forest, Kalobo, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of
trees, F=Frequency, and BA=Basal Area
name (%) (%) (m /ha) (%) (%)
2
Cleistanthus
1 Holea 6 141.2 35.3 3 21.4 0.0072 22 79.1
sumatranus
Nephelium
2 Orope Wila 2 47.1 11.8 2 14.3 0.0058 18 44.2
lappaceum
Barringtonia
3 Puta 2 47.1 11.8 2 14.3 0.0053 17 42.7
racemosa
Dracontomelon
4 Rao 1 23.5 5.9 1 7.1 0.0050 16 28.7
mangiferum
Pepundi
5 Alphonsea javanica 1 23.5 5.9 1 7.1 0.0039 12 25.0
Nggasu
6 Wanggudu Morinda citrifolia 1 23.5 5.9 1 7.1 0.0028 9 21.9
7 Kaleuwi Petunga microcarpa 1 23.5 5.9 1 7.1 0.0007 2 15.2
8 Tawa Huko Drypetes minahassae 1 23.5 5.9 1 7.1 0.0007 2 15.2
9 Mehere Drypetes cf globosa 1 23.5 5.9 1 7.1 0.0003 1 14.0
10 Pedengisi Garcinia balica 1 23.5 5.9 1 7.1 0.0003 1 14.0
81
Checklist
Table 7. Floristic composition of poles (dbh > 10 cm to ≤ 20cm) and undergrowth in the
Bamboo Forest ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of trees,
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) %) (%)
Cleistanthus
1 Holea 3 18 25.0 3 25.0 0.0192 10 60.1
sumatranus
Barringtonia
2 Puta 2 12 16.7 2 16.7 0.0331 17 50.8
racemosa
3 Mandula Garcinia dulcis 1 6 8.3 1 8.3 0.0284 15 31.6
4 Karematu Dehaasia caesia 1 6 8.3 1 8.3 0.0255 13 30.1
Archidendron
5 Wilalo daun 1 6 8.3 1 8.3 0.0255 13 30.1
jiringa
Wonggia
6 Syzygium sp. 1 6 8.3 1 8.3 0.0255 13 30.1
ndehu
7 Kalaero Diospyros venenosa 1 6 8.3 1 8.3 0.0133 7 23.7
Cratoxylon
8 Sisio 1 6 8.3 1 8.3 0.0113 6 22.6
celebicum
Morinda cf
9 cf. wanggudu 1 6 8.3 1 8.3 0.0079 4 20.8
citrifolia
Table 8. Floristic composition of trees (dbh > 20 cm) assemblage in the Bamboo Forest, Kalobo,
ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of trees, F=Frequency, and
BA=Basal Area
Vernacular N/ N F F BA BA SIV
No Botanical name N
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) (%)
Kjelbergiodendron
1 Tembeuwa 11 16 15.1 6 13.0 1.1230 22 50.0
celebicum
Dracontomelon
2 Rao 4 6 5.5 4 8.7 0.3855 8 21.7
mangiferum
3 Konduri Parkia roxburghii 11 16 15.1 1 2.2 0.0962 2 19.1
4 Wilalo biasa Archidendron lucyi 11 16 15.1 1 2.2 0.0380 1 18.0
5 Kolaka biasa Lithocarpus sp. 3 4 4.1 3 6.5 0.3240 6 17.0
6 Kalaero Diospyros venenosa 3 4 4.1 3 6.5 0.2160 4 14.9
Diopyros
7 Kasu meeto 2 3 2.7 2 4.3 0.3220 6 13.4
malabarica
8 Kapu lesea hoa Ficus drupacea 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.5027 10 13.4
Orophea
9 Kasu wai 3 4 4.1 2 4.3 0.2278 4 12.9
enneandra
82
Table 8. Floristic composition of trees (dbh > 20 cm) assemblage in the Bamboo Forest, Kalobo,
BA=Basal Area (cont.)
Vernacular N/ N F F BA BA SIV
No Botanical name N
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) (%)
Artocarpus
10 Huhubi 2 3 2.7 2 4.3 0.2642 5 12.2
dasyphyllus
11 Lahu lahu Meliosma nitida 2 3 2.7 2 4.3 0.1571 3 10.2
12 Morobite Celtis philippensis 2 3 2.7 2 4.3 0.1087 2 9.2
13 Kolumba Sterculia foetida 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.2827 6 9.1
Wonggia Syzygium
14 2 3 2.7 1 2.2 0.1346 3 7.5
Ndehu polyanthum
15 Kasu Pai unidentified 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.1964 4 7.4
16 Oloho Spondias sp. 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.1257 2 6.0
17 Poe Canarium sp. 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0855 2 5.2
18 Besulo Canarium sp. 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0707 1 4.9
19 Nguru Heritiera trifoliata 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0707 1 4.9
Pterocymbium
20 Toluto 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0707 1 4.9
tinctorium
21 Mehere Drypetes cf globosa 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0491 1 4.5
Nephelium
22 Orope wila 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0380 1 4.3
lappaceum
Barringtonia
23 Puta 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0380 1 4.3
racemosa
24 Tando Mimusops bojeri 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0346 1 4.2
Octomelos
25 Benua 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0314 1 4.2
sumatrana
26 cf ampulajeng Ixora imitants 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0314 1 4.2
27 Karematu Dehaasia caesia 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0314 1 4.2
Cryptocarya
28 Kasu Tanu 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0314 1 4.2
infectori
Pepundi
29 Alphonsea javanica 1 1 1.4 1 2.2 0.0314 1 4.2
Nggasu
83
Table 9–12
Vegetation analysis in Lowland Forest,
Table 9. Floristic composition of seedling (height up to 1.5 m) and undergrowth assemblage in

the Lowland Forest, Kalobo, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number
N F SIV
No Vernacular name Botanical name N N/ha F
(%) (%) (%)
1 Tokoalinda Elastotema rostratum 99 6875 18.9 7 4.1 22.9
Cleistanthus
2 Holea 78 5417 14.9 10 5.8 20.7
sumatranus
3 Kasumeeto Diospyros pilosanthera 13 903 2.5 11 6.4 8.9
4 Ewu Planchonia valida 37 2569 7.0 3 1.7 8.8
Barringtonia
5 Tolihe Manu 30 2083 5.7 2 1.2 6.9
acutangula
6 Morobite Celtis philippensis 16 1111 3.0 5 2.9 6.0
7 Kasu Wai Xylopia caudata 11 764 2.1 6 3.5 5.6
8 Buluh Bambusa sp. 17 1181 3.2 3 1.7 5.0
9 Mehere Drypetes cf. globosa 9 625 1.7 5 2.9 4.6
10 Hao Dongi Tetracera scandens 8 556 1.5 5 2.9 4.4
11 We Bao Calamus zollingeri 17 1181 3.2 2 1.2 4.4
12 Orope wila Nephelium lappaceum 9 625 1.7 4 2.3 4.0
13 We Pai Calamus sp. 18 1250 3.4 1 0.6 4.0
Tokoalinda
14 Pachystachys coccinea 11 764 2.1 3 1.7 3.8
ngginiku
15 Tawa Momea Macaranga tanarius 7 486 1.3 4 2.3 3.7
16 Puta Barringtonia racemosa 6 417 1.1 4 2.3 3.5
Palaquium
17 Towure 6 417 1.1 4 2.3 3.5
obtusifolium
18 Bosilu Aglaia sp. 8 556 1.5 3 1.7 3.3
Checklist

N F SIV
(%) (%) (%)
19 Ombana biasa Mallotus sp. 4 278 0.8 4 2.3 3.1
20 Hao Mbandita Arcangelisia flava 5 347 1.0 3 1.7 2.7
21 Hao pepundi Orona discolor 5 347 1.0 3 1.7 2.7
Kjelbergiodendron
22 Tembeuwa 4 278 0.8 3 1.7 2.5
celebicum
23 Huhubi Artocarpus dasiphyllus 3 208 0.6 3 1.7 2.3
24 Sosoreu Leea aculeata 3 208 0.6 3 1.7 2.3
Homaluium
25 Tanggeambali 3 208 0.6 3 1.7 2.3
tomentosum
26 Wonggia Ndehu Syzygium polyanthum 3 208 0.6 3 1.7 2.3
Hao cf
27 Pycnarrhena cauliflora 5 347 1.0 2 1.2 2.1
Kasumeeto
28 Paku Hada Microlepia sp. 8 556 1.5 1 0.6 2.1
29 Naha Iwoi Pandanus sp. 4 278 0.8 2 1.2 1.9
30 Lobani Nauclea calycina 3 208 0.6 2 1.2 1.7
31 Nguru Heritiera trifoliata 3 208 0.6 2 1.2 1.7
32 Hao Nggulipapo Quisqualis indica 2 139 0.4 2 1.2 1.5
33 Kaleuwi Petunga microcarpa 2 139 0.4 2 1.2 1.5
34 Kolaka biasa Lithocarpus sp. 2 139 0.4 2 1.2 1.5
35 Kolaka Wai Orophea enneandra 2 139 0.4 2 1.2 1.5
Lophopetalum
36 Kote 2 139 0.4 2 1.2 1.5
fimbriatum
37 Pae pae Isachne albens 2 139 0.4 2 1.2 1.5
38 Taipa Hada Ardisia sp. 2 139 0.4 2 1.2 1.5
39 Takalea Iwoi Leea sp. 2 139 0.4 2 1.2 1.5
40 Lae Alpinia sp. 5 347 1.0 1 0.6 1.5
41 Ato ato manu Cyclosorus ecallosus 3 208 0.6 1 0.6 1.2
42 Osu Croton oblongus 3 208 0.6 1 0.6 1.2
43 Panggu Panggu Christella papilio 3 208 0.6 1 0.6 1.2
44 tauba Lygodium circinatum 3 208 0.6 1 0.6 1.2
Cf.
45 Streblus asper 2 139 0.4 1 0.6 1.0
Silibionggadue
86

N F SIV
(%) (%) (%)
46 Karematu Dehaasia caesia 2 139 0.4 1 0.6 1.0
Pithecollobium
47 Tanggalasi 2 139 0.4 1 0.6 1.0
umbellatum
48 Usangi Fatoua pilosa 2 139 0.4 1 0.6 1.0
49 Cf Tauba Pteris multiaurita 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
50 Cf. Hea hea ngisi Polyalthia lateriflora 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
51 Cf. Taipa Hada unidentified 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
Spatholobus
52 Hao Ani 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
ferrugineus
53 Hao Mbai Pai unidentified 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
54 Hao Nggonduri Mimosa pudica 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
55 Hao Silore Tetrastigma sp. 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
56 Hao Tulanggani Willughbeia sp. 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
57 Kalaero Diospyros venenosa 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
58 Kalewuta Aglaonema simplex 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
59 Kapu kapu dahu unidentified 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
60 Kasu Pai unidentified 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
61 Kasu Ngginiku Aglaia argentea 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
62 Kasu Tanu Homalium foetidum 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
63 Konduri Parkia roxburghii 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
64 Lahu lahu Meliosma nitida 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
65 Lumara bao Mallotus sp. 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
66 Munde munde Capparis micrantha 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
Gossampinus
67 Oloro 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
malabarica
68 Ondolia Canangium odoratum 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
69 Pedengisi Garcinia balica 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
70 Pepundi Nggasu Alphonsea javanica 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
71 Polonggina Bischofia javanica 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
72 Sainea Memecylon edule 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
73 Silibionggadue Ficus sp. 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
74 Taloe Cynometra ramiflora 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
87
Checklist

N F SIV
(%) (%) (%)
75 Tarapasi Syzygium lineatum 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
Pterocymbium
76 Toluto 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
tinctorium
77 Towula Mallotus sp. 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
78 Takulendahi Garuga floribunda 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
Semecarpus
79 Welepo 1 69 0.2 1 0.6 0.8
cuneiformis
Table 10. Floristic composition of sapling (height > 1.5 m and dbh ≤ 10 cm ) assemblage in the
Lowland Forest, Kalobo, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) (%)
Cleistanthus
1 Holea 9 100 18.8 5 11.4 0.0099 11.5 41.6
sumatranus
2 Pepundinggasu Alphonsea javanica 4 44 8.3 4 9.1 0.0155 17.9 35.3
3 Karematu Dehaasia caesia 3 33 6.3 3 6.8 0.0106 12.3 25.3
4 Kasu Tanu Cryptocarya infectori 2 22 4.2 2 4.5 0.0067 7.7 16.4
5 Kasu Wai Orophea enneandra 2 22 4.2 2 4.5 0.0067 7.7 16.4
6 Mehere Drypetes cf. globosa 1 11 2.1 3 6.8 0.0041 4.7 13.6
8 Bolongita Tetrameles nudiflora 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0064 7.4 11.7
9 Pedengisi Garcinia balica 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0064 7.4 11.7
Nephelium
10 Orope wila 2 22 4.2 2 4.5 0.0020 2.3 11.0
lappaceum
11 Takalea Iwoi Leea sp. 2 22 4.2 2 4.5 0.0020 2.3 11.0
Actinodaphne
12 Dalisi 1 11 2.1 2 4.5 0.0027 3.1 9.7
glomerata
Palaquium
13 Towure 2 22 4.2 1 2.3 0.0013 1.5 7.9
obtusifolium
Glycosmis
14 cf Kasu wai 2 22 4.2 1 2.3 0.0003 0.4 6.8
cochinchinensis
15 cf. ampulajeng Ixora imitants 2 22 4.2 1 2.3 0.0003 0.4 6.8
88
Table 10. Floristic composition of sapling (height > 1.5 m and dbh ≤ 10 cm ) assemblage in the
trees, F=Frequency, and BA=Basal Area (cont.)
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%) (%)
2
Diospyros
16 Kasu meeto 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0020 2.3 6.6
malabarica
17 Kalaero Diospiros venenosa 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0013 1.5 5.8
Lophopetalum
18 Kote 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0013 1.5 5.8
fimbriatum
20 Besulo Canarium sp. 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0007 0.8 5.2
21 Holea Mbute Xylopia malayana 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0007 0.8 5.2
22 Kasu Borubi Cleistanthus sp. 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0007 0.8 5.2
24 Tawa Huko Gnetum gnemon 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0007 0.8 5.2
25 cf Hokio Acronychia sp. 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0003 0.4 4.7
Gymnachranthera
26 cf Pala Hutan 1 11 2.1 1 2.3 0.0003 0.4 4.7
paniculata
Table 11. Floristic composition of poles (dbh > 10 cm to ≤ 20 cm) assemblage in the Lowland
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) (%)
1 Tawa huko Gnetum gnemon 2 6 4.9 2 5.0 0.2349 32.3 42.2
2 Kasu Wai Orophea enneandra 5 14 12.2 5 12.5 0.0785 10.8 35.5
Cleistanthus
4 Holea 5 14 12.2 4 10.0 0.0393 5.4 27.6
sumatranus
Lophopetalum
5 Kote 3 8 7.3 3 7.5 0.0334 4.6 19.4
fimbriatum
Nephelium
7 Orope wila 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0284 3.9 8.8
lappaceum
Barringtonia
8 Tolihe Manu 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0284 3.9 8.8
acutangula
Kasu
9 Aglaia argentea 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0255 3.5 8.4
Ngginiku
89
Checklist
Table 11. Floristic composition of poles (dbh > 10 cm to ≤ 20 cm) assemblage in the Lowland
F=Frequency, and BA=Basal Area (cont.)
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%)
2
(%)
Acronychia
10 Hokio 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0227 3.1 8.1
trifoliata
11 Wehuko mea Ficus variegata 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0201 2.8 7.7
Pterospermum
12 Belengana 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0177 2.4 7.4
diversifolium
13 Pokae Ficus sp. 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0177 2.4 7.4
Palaquium
14 Towure 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0177 2.4 7.4
obtusifolium
Archidendron
15 Wilalo daun 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0177 2.4 7.4
jiringa
16 Bosilu Aglaia sp. 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0154 2.1 7.1
17 Kaloba Inocarpus fagiferus 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0113 1.6 6.5
Cratoxylon
18 Sisio 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0113 1.6 6.5
celebicum
Dracontomelon
19 Rao 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0095 1.3 6.2
mangiferum
Canangium
22 Ondolia 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0079 1.1 6.0
odoratum
Homalium
23 Tanggeambali 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0079 1.1 6.0
tomentosum
Pterocymbium
24 Toluto 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0079 1.1 6.0
tinctorium
25 1 3 2.4 1 2.5 0.0020 0.3 5.2
ngginiku peltata
90
Table 12. Floristic composition of trees (dbh > 20 cm) assemblage in the Lowland Forest, Kalobo,
BA=Basal Area
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%)
2
(%)
Diospyros
1 Kasu meeto 9 6 6.7 7 5.8 0.8129 5.4 17.9
malabarica
Canangium
3 Ondolia 7 5 5.2 6 5.0 0.5311 3.5 13.7
odoratum
Lophopetalum
4 Kote 6 4 4.4 5 4.2 0.5661 3.8 12.4
fimbriatum
5 Konduri Parkia roxburghii 3 2 2.2 3 2.5 1.0210 6.8 11.5
Homalium
6 Tanggeambali 5 3 3.7 5 4.2 0.5282 3.5 11.4
tomentosum
12 Kasu pai unidentified 2 1 1.5 2 1.7 0.6990 4.6 7.8
Palaquium
13 Towure 3 2 2.2 3 2.5 0.4437 2.9 7.7
obtusifolium
Pterospermum
15 Wayu 4 3 3.0 3 2.5 0.2906 1.9 7.4
celebicum
16 Hehea walu Pittosporum sp. 2 1 1.5 2 1.7 0.6283 4.2 7.3
Nephelium
17 Orope wila 5 3 3.7 3 2.5 0.1637 1.1 7.3
lappaceum
Erythrina
18 Roda 3 2 2.2 3 2.5 0.3271 2.2 6.9
subumbrans
20 Bonearate Vitex cf glabrata 2 1 1.5 2 1.7 0.5439 3.6 6.8
barringtonia
21 Tolihe manu 3 2 2.2 2 1.7 0.3809 2.5 6.4
acutangula
23 Kuma watu Mitrephora celebica 3 2 2.2 2 1.7 0.2533 1.7 5.6
24 Motolindi Aglaia edulis 2 1 1.5 2 1.7 0.3534 2.3 5.5
91
Checklist
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) (%)
25 Kalaero Diospyros venenosa 3 2 2.2 2 1.7 0.2143 1.4 5.3
26 Kapu lesea hoaFicus drupacea 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.5027 3.3 4.9
27 Kasu Ta Canarium hirsutum 2 1 1.5 2 1.7 0.2513 1.7 4.8
28 Tando Mimusops bojeri 2 1 1.5 2 1.7 0.1571 1.0 4.2
Dracontomelon
29 Rao 2 1 1.5 2 1.7 0.1414 0.9 4.1
mangiferum
30 cf. Xylopia sp. unidentified 2 1 1.5 2 1.7 0.1021 0.7 3.8
Kjelbergiodendron
34 Tembeuwa 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.1964 1.3 2.9
celebicum
35 Usangi Fatoua pilosa 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.1590 1.1 2.6
Octomelos
36 Benua 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.1257 0.8 2.4
sumatrana
37 Kuma biasa Litsea grandis 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.1257 0.8 2.4
38 Nguru Heritiera trifoliata 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.1257 0.8 2.4
39 Oloho Spondias sp. 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.1257 0.8 2.4
Ruruhi
40 Eugenia sp. 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.1257 0.8 2.4
Nggasu
41 Wiau Tahi Clerodendrum 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0962 0.6 2.2
42 Lolinggondaro Goniothalamus sp. 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0804 0.5 2.1
Pterospermum
43 Belengana 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0491 0.3 1.9
diversifolium
cf
44 Streblus asper 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0491 0.3 1.9
silibionggadue
Hahi hahi Solanum
45 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0491 0.3 1.9
Ngisi verbascifolium
46 Tarapasi Syzygium lineatum 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0491 0.3 1.9
47 Kulipapo Vites cofasus 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0380 0.3 1.8
48 Loluna Cordia myxa 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0380 0.3 1.8
Pepundi
49 Alphonsea javanica 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0380 0.3 1.8
Nggasu
92
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%)
2
(%)
50 Takulendahi Garuga floribunda 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0346 0.2 1.8
51 Kasu wurakow Vitex pinnata 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0314 0.2 1.8
Dendrocnide
52 Lingato manu 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0314 0.2 1.8
microstigma
Acalypha
53 Longahi 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0314 0.2 1.8
boehmerioides
54 Sainea/Poe Canarium hirsutum 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0314 0.2 1.8
Gymnachranthera
55 cf. Pala hutan 1 1 0.7 1 0.8 0.0134 0.1 1.7
paniculata
93
Tables 13–16
Composition and Structure of Vegetation in Rocky-cliffs
Lowland Forest, Kalobo, Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserve
Table 13. Floristic composition of seedling (height up to 1.5 m) and undergrowth in Rocky-cliffs
trees, F=Frequency
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
1 Aerva sanguinolenta 392 42609 48.0 5 5.3 53.4
2 Ombana watu Mallotus oblongifolius 137 14891 16.8 15 16.0 32.7
3 Tokoalinda Elastotema rostratum 63 6848 7.7 1 1.1 8.8
4 Kalaero Diospyros malabarica 19 2065 2.3 5 5.3 7.6
Cleistanthus
5 Holea 27 2935 3.3 3 3.2 6.5
sumatranus
6 Ulu pulu manu Leptapsis banksii 22 2391 2.7 3 3.2 5.9
7 Kulimonifi Rhodamnia mulleri 35 3804 4.3 1 1.1 5.4
Spatholobus
8 Hao Ani 7 761 0.9 4 4.3 5.1
ferrugineus
9 Paku hada Microlepia sp. 6 652 0.7 4 4.3 5.0
Kopu kopu
10 Scrotochloa urceolata 5 543 0.6 4 4.3 4.9
manu
Hemigraphis
11 Silamba langgai 9 978 1.1 3 3.2 4.3
betonicifolia
12 unkonown Barleria prionitis 17 1848 2.1 2 2.1 4.2
13 Kasu wai Orophea enneandra 7 761 0.9 3 3.2 4.0
14 Komumu Selaginella plana 19 2065 2.3 1 1.1 3.4
15 Osolu Glycosmis pentaphylla 5 543 0.6 2 2.1 2.7
Checklist
trees, F=Frequency (cont.)
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
Hao
16 Derris sp. 4 435 0.5 2 2.1 2.6
Nggokowuku
17 Kasu merui Plectronia horrida 4 435 0.5 2 2.1 2.6
Pterospermum
18 Belengana 3 326 0.4 2 2.1 2.5
diversifolium
19 Bote bote Callicarpa longifolia 2 217 0.2 2 2.1 2.4
Actinodaphne
20 Dalisi 2 217 0.2 2 2.1 2.4
glomerata
21 Hao ahi ahi Leea angulata 2 217 0.2 2 2.1 2.4
22 Mehere Drypetes cf globosa 2 217 0.2 2 2.1 2.4
24 Wako Caryota mytis 2 217 0.2 2 2.1 2.4
25 Kuma watu Mitrephora celebica 2 217 0.2 1 1.1 1.3
26 Silibioanggadue Ficus sp. 2 217 0.2 1 1.1 1.3
27 unkonown Pycnarrhena cauliflora 2 217 0.2 1 1.1 1.3
28 Asana Pterocarpus indicus 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
Ampelocissus
29 Hao bere bere 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
arachoidea
30 Hao Mbandita Arcangelisia flava 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
Hao
31 Gnetum latifolium 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
Ndawahuko
32 Hao Nggonduri Mimosa sp. 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
33 Kolaka wai Oxymitra cf filipes 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
34 Morobite Celtis philippensis 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
35 Ngawe Ficus sp. 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
36 Orope meeto Ellatostachys verrucosa 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
37 Osu Croton oblongus 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
38 Pae pae Isachne albens 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
39 Paita Ndehu Lunasia amanra 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
Sosoreu
40 Leea aequata 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
mewulu
96
trees, F=Frequency (cont)
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
Tamburusio
41 Breynia cernua 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
langgai
42 We Bao Calamus zollingeri 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
43 Wikoro Dioscorea hispida 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
Oplismenus
44 1 109 0.1 1 1.1 1.2
compositus
43 Wikoro Dioscorea hispida 1 109 0.1 1 1.1
1.2
Oplismenus
44 unkonown 1 109 0.1 1 1.1
compositus 1.2
Table 14. Floristic composition of sapling (height > 1.5 m and dbh < 10cm ) in Rocky-cliffs
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) (%)
1 Ombana watu Mallotus oblongifolius 24 417 52.2 11 35.5 0.0312 42.2 129.9
Cleistanthus
3 Holea 3 52 6.5 2 6.5 0.0134 18.1 31.1
sumatranus
4 Kalaero Diospyros malabarica 2 35 4.3 2 6.5 0.0027 3.6 14.4
5 Kulimonifi Rhodamnia mulleri 1 17 2.2 1 3.2 0.0064 8.6 14.0
6 Osu Croton oblongus 2 35 4.3 2 6.5 0.002 2.7 13.5
7 Paita Ndehu Lunasia amara 2 35 4.3 1 3.2 0.0027 3.6 11.2
8 Kasu Borubi Cleistanthus sp. 1 17 2.2 1 3.2 0.0028 3.8 9.2
9 Gunung Dysoxylum sp. 1 17 2.2 1 3.2 0.002 2.7 8.1
Mitrephora cf.
10 Kole 1 17 2.2 1 3.2 0.002 2.7 8.1
polypyrena
Actinodaphne
11 Dalisi 1 17 2.2 1 3.2 0.0007 1.0 6.4
glomerata
12 Munde munde Capparis micrantha 1 17 2.2 1 3.2 0.0007 1.0 6.4
97
Checklist
Table 15. Floristic composition of poles (dbh >10 cm to ≤ 20cm) in Rocky-cliffs Lowland
Vernacular N BA BA SIV
No Botanical name N N/ha F F (%)
name (%) (m /ha) (%) (%)
2

Pterocymbium
2 Toluto 2 9 13.3 2 15.4 0.0309 12.4 41.1
tinctorium
Ombana
4 Mallotus oblongifolius 2 9 13.3 1 7.7 0.0142 5.7 26.7
watu
Pterospermum
5 Belengana 1 4 6.7 1 7.7 0.0284 11.4 25.7
diversifolium
6 Wilalo Archydendron lucyi 1 4 6.7 1 7.7 0.0284 11.4 25.7
Palaquium
7 Nyatoh 1 4 6.7 1 7.7 0.0201 8.1 22.4
omboinensis
Tolihe Barringtonia
9 1 4 6.7 1 7.7 0.0177 7.1 21.4
manu acutangula
10 Osolu Glycosmis pentaphylla 1 4 6.7 1 7.7 0.0079 3.1 17.5
Table 16. Floristic composition of trees (dbh > 20 cm) in Rocky-cliffs Lowland Forest, Kalobo,
BA=Basal Area
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%) (%)
2
Barringtonia
1 Tolihe manu 7 8 8.0 7 9.5 0.9543 11.0 28.4
acutangula
Diospyros
2 Kalaero 10 11 11.4 7 9.5 0.6017 6.9 27.7
malabarica
Kapu lesea
6 Ficus drupacea 2 2 2.3 2 2.7 0.8561 9.8 14.8
hoa
Pterospermum
7 Belengana 5 5 5.7 3 4.1 0.3787 4.3 14.1
diversifolium
98
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) (%)
9 Wiaundahi Pongamia pinnata 2 2 2.3 2 2.7 0.5439 6.2 11.2
10 Lumara bao Mallotus sp. 3 3 3.4 3 4.1 0.2461 2.8 10.3
11 Tokulo Kleinhovia hospita 3 3 3.4 2 2.7 0.2344 2.7 8.8
13 Korumba Sterculia rubiginosa 4 4 4.5 1 1.4 0.1964 2.3 8.2
14 Wehuko wila Ficus variegata 2 2 2.3 2 2.7 0.2553 2.9 7.9
15 Asana Pterocarpus indicus 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.3849 4.4 6.9
18 Kuma watu Mitrephora celebica 2 2 2.3 2 2.7 0.0694 0.8 5.8
Pterocymbium
19 Toluto 2 2 2.3 2 2.7 0.0628 0.7 5.7
tinctorium
Kasu
20 Vitex pinnata 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.1964 2.3 4.7
Wurakow
21 Kolaka Lithocarpus sp. 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.1964 2.3 4.7
Palaquium
22 Nyatoh 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.1964 2.3 4.7
amboinensis
23 Wilalo Archidendron lucyi 2 2 2.3 1 1.4 0.0628 0.7 4.3
25 Takulendahi Garuga floribunda 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.159 1.8 4.3
Erythrina
26 Roda 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.1257 1.4 3.9
subumbrans
27 Usangi Ndehu Fatoua pilosa 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.1257 1.4 3.9
Artocarpus
28 Huhubi 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.0962 1.1 3.6
dasyphyllus
Canangium
30 Ondolia 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.0707 0.8 3.3
odoratum
Nephelium
31 Orope wila 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.0707 0.8 3.3
lappaceum
Sterculia
32 Kikima 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.038 0.4 2.9
macrophylla
99
Checklist
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%) (%)
2
Lophopetalum
33 Kote 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.0346 0.4 2.9
fimbriatum
Homalium
34 Tanggeambali 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.0314 0.4 2.8
tomentosum
Palaquium
35 Towure 1 1 1.1 1 1.4 0.0177 0.2 2.7
obtusifolium
100
LAWIO FOREST
Tables 17–20
Composition and Structure of Vegetation in Lawio Forest
(800–900m asl.)
Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserve
A total of 17 plots were sampled in Lawio Forest
in Lawio (800 m asl.), ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of
trees, F=Frequency
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
1 unknown Litsea glutionosa 8 4000 27.59 3 15.00 42.59
2 Sosoreu Leea indica 4 2000 13.79 4 20.00 33.79
3 unknown Meliosma nitida 3 1500 10.34 1 5.00 15.34
4 Kasumeeto Diospyros pilosanthera 3 1500 10.34 1 5.00 15.34
5 We alomanu Calamus sp. 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
6 Kombu Madhuca sp. 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
7 Kolaka Lithocarpus sp. 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
Semecarpus
8 Welepo 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
cuneiformis
9 unkonown Aporusa cf. elmeri 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
Kjelbergiodendron
10 Tembeuwa 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
celebicum
Syzygium cf.
11 Pepara 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
polycephaloides
12 Panggu panggu Christella papilio 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
13 Urogo unidentified 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
14 Lobani Nauclea calycina 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
15 Bosilu Aglaia sp. 1 500 3.45 1 5.00 8.45
Checklist
Lawio (800 m asl.), ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of trees,
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) (%)
Diospyros
1 Kasu meeto 1 80 14.29 1 14.29 0.0020 27.15 55.72
malabarica
2 Takalea iwoi Leea aculeata 1 80 14.29 1 14.29 0.0020 27.15 55.72
Symplocos cf.
3 Kandunga 1 80 14.29 1 14.29 0.0013 17.45 46.02
rubiginosa
Anaxagorea
4 Susua meeto 1 80 14.29 1 14.29 0.0007 9.83 38.41
javanica
5 Lobani Nauclea obtusa 1 80 14.29 1 14.29 0.0007 9.83 38.41
Syzygium cf.
6 Pepara 1 80 14.29 1 14.29 0.0003 4.29 32.87
polycephaloides
7 Pololi Lithocarpus sp. 1 80 14.29 1 14.29 0.0003 4.29 32.87
Table 19. Floristic composition of poles (dbh >10 cm to ≤ 20 cm) assemblage in Lawio (800 m
asl.), ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of trees, F=Frequency,
and BA=Basal Area
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) (%)
Lophopetalum
1 Kote 3 60 37.50 3 37.50 0.0567 40.68 115.68
fimbriatum
Palaquium
2 Towure 1 20 12.50 1 12.50 0.0255 18.26 43.26
obtusifolium
3 Kulipapo Vitex cofasus 1 20 12.50 1 12.50 0.0227 16.28 41.28
Canangium
4 Ondolia 1 20 12.50 1 12.50 0.0154 11.04 36.04
odoratum
5 unkonown Meliosma nitida 1 20 12.50 1 12.50 0.0113 8.11 33.11
Symplocos cf.
6 Kandunga 1 20 12.50 1 12.50 0.0079 5.63 30.63
rubiginosa
102
Table 20. Floristic composition of trees (dbh > 20 cm) assemblage in Lawio (800 m asl.),
BA=Basal Area
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%)
2
(%)
Magnolia
1 Uru 2 10 10.00 1 5.56 1.8087 32.84 48.39
pterocarpa
Kapu lesea
2 Ficus drupacea 2 10 10.00 2 11.11 1.1388 20.68 41.79
hoa
3 Kapu Wone Ficus sp. 2 10 10.00 2 11.11 1.0053 18.25 39.36
4 Dongi Wormia ochreata 2 10 10.00 2 11.11 0.1151 2.09 23.20
Tetrameles
5 Bolongita 1 5 5.00 1 5.56 0.5027 9.13 19.68
nudiflora
Lithocarpus
6 unknown 2 10 10.00 1 5.56 0.1924 3.49 19.05
celebicus
7 Kabuko Syzygium sp. 1 5 5.00 1 5.56 0.1964 3.56 14.12
Palaquium
8 Towure 1 5 5.00 1 5.56 0.0962 1.75 12.30
obtusifolium
Syzygium
9 Wonggia 1 5 5.00 1 5.56 0.0962 1.75 12.30
polyanthum
Kjellbergiodendron
10 Tembeuwa 1 5 5.00 1 5.56 0.0962 1.75 12.30
celebicum
11 Pololi Lithocarpus sp. 1 5 5.00 1 5.56 0.0855 1.55 12.11
Dendrocnide
12 Lingato manu 1 5 5.00 1 5.56 0.0491 0.89 11.45
microstigma
Canangium
13 Ondolia 1 5 5.00 1 5.56 0.0491 0.89 11.45
odoratum
14 1 5 5.00 1 5.56 0.0416 0.75 11.31
Ngginiku peltata
15 unknown Litsea glutinosa 1 5 5.00 1 5.56 0.0346 0.63 11.18
103
TAMBEANGA FOREST
Tables 21–24
Composition and Structure of Vegetation
in Rocky-Lowland Forest,
Tambeanga, Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserve
A total of 57 plots were sampled in Tambeanga Forest
in Rocky-Lowland Forest, Tambeanga, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV).
N=Number of trees, F=Frequency
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
Cleistanthus
1 Holea 594 26053 51.3 39 16.7 68.0
sumatranus
2 Nguru Heritiera trifoliata 34 1491 2.9 15 6.4 9.3
3 Tawa mokora Cryptocarya infectori 68 2982 5.9 4 1.7 7.6
4 Kalaero Diospyros malabarica 16 702 1.4 10 4.3 5.7
5 Rembigare Axonopus compressus 41 1798 3.5 2 0.9 4.4
6 Tauba/onentu Lygodium circinatum 15 658 1.3 7 3.0 4.3
8 Paita Lunasia sp. 25 1096 2.2 4 1.7 3.9
9 Gito gito Diospyros malabarica 14 614 1.2 6 2.6 3.8
Glycosmis
10 unkown 7 307 0.6 7 3.0 3.6
cochinchinensis
11 unknown Isoglosa dichotoma 30 1316 2.6 1 0.4 3.0
12 unknown unidentified 18 789 1.6 3 1.3 2.8
Heterogonium
13 unkonown 21 921 1.8 2 0.9 2.7
alderwereltii
Checklist
N=Number of trees, F=Frequency (cont.)
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
Pterospermum
14 Belengana 6 263 0.5 5 2.1 2.7
diversifolium
15 Lemon hutan Clausena sp. 5 219 0.4 5 2.1 2.6
Phyllanthus
16 unknown 13 570 1.1 3 1.3 2.4
buxifolium
17 Hao kori Derris trifolia 8 351 0.7 4 1.7 2.4
18 Lae Alpinia sp. 6 263 0.5 4 1.7 2.2
19 unknown Actepila javanica 15 658 1.3 2 0.9 2.2
20 Rara Scleria purpurascens 5 219 0.4 4 1.7 2.1
21 Rambutan hutan Nephelium lappaceum 3 132 0.3 4 1.7 2.0
22 Bolo bolo Adinandra brassii 12 526 1.0 2 0.9 1.9
23 Kasu ule Mimosa sp. 7 307 0.6 3 1.3 1.9
24 Puta Barringtonia racemosa 7 307 0.6 3 1.3 1.9
25 Paku2 Thelypteris heterocarpa 14 614 1.2 1 0.4 1.6
26 Morombinisi Trigonostemon sp. 4 175 0.3 3 1.3 1.6
27 Phsychotria sp. 8 351 0.7 2 0.9 1.5
28 unknown Salacia macrophylla 3 132 0.3 3 1.3 1.5
30 Ombana Mallotus sp. 3 132 0.3 3 1.3 1.5
31 Hao pepundi Uvaria littoralis 7 307 0.6 2 0.9 1.5
32 Jenis Paku Pteris longipinnula 10 439 0.9 1 0.4 1.3
33 Silamba Hemighraphis sp. 10 439 0.9 1 0.4 1.3
34 Opisi Pinanga sp. 5 219 0.4 2 0.9 1.3
35 Paka Phymatodes nigrescens 5 219 0.4 2 0.9 1.3
36 Benono Lepisanthes fruticosa 3 132 0.3 2 0.9 1.1
37 Naha Pandanus sp. 3 132 0.3 2 0.9 1.1
38 Orope Ellatostachys verrucosa 3 132 0.3 2 0.9 1.1
39 Paku 1 Blechnum orientale 7 307 0.6 1 0.4 1.0
40 Kasu balongga Axanagorea javanica 2 88 0.2 2 0.9 1.0
41 Onato Timonius stipulatus 2 88 0.2 2 0.9 1.0
42 Ponto Litsea firma 2 88 0.2 2 0.9 1.0
43 Tasea Phytocrene sp. 2 88 0.2 2 0.9 1.0
106
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
44 Sejenis liana Phytocrene lateriflora 2 88 0.2 2 0.9 1.0
46 Bite bite Elastotema sinuata 5 219 0.4 1 0.4 0.9
47 Susua meeto Anaxagorea javanica 5 219 0.4 1 0.4 0.9
48 Kateba Elephantopus scaber 4 175 0.3 1 0.4 0.8
49 Tasea hoa Tetracera sp. 4 175 0.3 1 0.4 0.8
50 Kasu udo unidentified 3 132 0.3 1 0.4 0.7
51 Kokopusu Scaevola taccada 3 132 0.3 1 0.4 0.7
52 Tiropamba Syzygium sp. 3 132 0.3 1 0.4 0.7
53 unknown Phrynium sp. 2 88 0.2 1 0.4 0.6
54 Kasu tanu Homalium foetidum 2 88 0.2 1 0.4 0.6
55 Ruruhi Ndawa Syzygium sp. 2 88 0.2 1 0.4 0.6
56 Tohondobunggu 2 88 0.2 1 0.4 0.6
57 unknown Tricalysia singularis 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
58 Baho unidentified 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
Cudramia
59 Berduri 1 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
cochinchinensis
Chionanthus
61 unknown 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
cordulatus
62 Hokio watu Acronychia trifoliata 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
63 Dongi Dillenia ochreata 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
64 Donipu Schefflera elliptica 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
65 Hao Dongi Tetracera scandens 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
66 Hopa Rhodamnia cinerea 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
67 Sena Aglaia cf lawii 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
68 Jati hutan Kleinhovia cf hospita 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
Syzygium
69 Kamoni langgai 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
acuminatissimum
70 Karematu Dehaasia caesia 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
Teijsmanniodendron
71 unknown 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
hollrungii
107
Checklist
Vernacular N F SIV
name (%) (%) (%)
73 Kulahi Phsycotria viridiflora 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
74 Lempeni Ardisia humilis 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
Dendrocnide
75 Lingato manu 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
microstigma
76 Lowaru Hibiscus tiliaceus 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
78 unknown Drypetes longifolia 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
79 Pedengisi Garcinia cf. dioica 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
80 unknown Sloetia elongata 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
81 Sena Aglaia cf stipulata 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
Connarus
82 unknown 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
semidecandrus
83 Samba metado Knema cinerea 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
84 unknown Lepionurus sylvestris 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
85 Sisio Cratoxylon celebensis 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
Palaquium
86 Towure 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
obtusifolium
87 Tumbu mea Planchonella obovata 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
Semecarpus
88 Welepo 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
cuneiformis
Cf. schizostachyum
89 Kowuna 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
brachycladum
90 unknown Combretum sp. 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
91 unknown Trigonostemon sp. 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
unidentified ( cf
92 unknown 1 44 0.1 1 0.4 0.5
kahamar)
108
Rocky-Lowland Forest, Tambeanga, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV).
N=Number of trees, F=Frequency, and BA=Basal Area
name (%) (%) (m /ha) (%) (%)
2
Cleistanthus
1 Holea 26 182 25.5 18 21.7 0.0630 23.5 70.6
sumatranus
2 Ate langgai Trigonostemon sp. 6 42 5.9 3 3.6 0.0167 6.2 15.7
3 Sisio Cratoxylon formosum 4 28 3.9 4 4.8 0.0127 4.7 13.4
Pterospermum
4 Belengana 4 28 3.9 4 4.8 0.0091 3.4 12.1
diversifolium
Adinandra
5 Bolo 3 21 2.9 3 3.6 0.0137 5.1 11.6
subunguiculata
6 Kasu wai Planchonella obovata 3 21 2.9 3 3.6 0.0090 3.3 9.9
7 Dongi Dillenia ochreata 2 14 2.0 2 2.4 0.0129 4.8 9.2
Glycosmis
8 unknown 2 14 2.0 2 2.4 0.0115 4.3 8.6
cochinchinensis
Semecarpus
10 Welepo 2 14 2.0 2 2.4 0.0092 3.4 7.8
cuneiformis
11 Tiro pamba Syzygium sp. 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0133 4.9 7.1
Ellatostachys
12 Orope 2 14 2.0 1 1.2 0.0089 3.3 6.5
verrucosa
13 Tohondobunggu unidentified 2 14 2.0 2 2.4 0.0051 1.9 6.3
15 unknown Croton laevifolius 2 14 2.0 2 2.4 0.0035 1.3 5.7
Syzygium
16 Kamoni langgai 2 14 2.0 2 2.4 0.0027 1.0 5.4
acuminatissimum
17 Tumbu mea Palaquium sp. 2 14 2.0 1 1.2 0.0057 2.1 5.3
18 Paita Lunasia sp. 3 21 2.9 1 1.2 0.0021 0.8 4.9
19 Bolo bolo Adinandra brassii 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0064 2.4 4.6
Mallotus
21 Ombana Watu 2 14 2.0 1 1.2 0.0032 1.2 4.4
oblongifolius
22 Kasu udo unidentified 2 14 2.0 1 1.2 0.0027 1.0 4.2
23 Morombinisi Trigonostemon sp. 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0050 1.9 4.1
109
Checklist
Rocky-Lowland Forest, Tambeanga, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV).
N=Number of trees, F=Frequency, and BA=Basal Area (cont.)
name (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) (%)
25 cf jambu Eugenia sp. 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0039 1.4 3.6
26 Morombinisi Trigonostemon sp. 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0039 1.4 3.6
27 unknown cf hirsutus 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0039 1.4 3.6
Sumbapiopsis
28 Lina 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0028 1.1 3.2
albicans
29 Ate ate ndina Drypetes neglecta 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0020 0.7 2.9
Cudramia
30 Berduri 1 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0020 0.7 2.9
cochinchinensis
Barringtonia
32 Puta 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0020 0.7 2.9
racemosa
33 unknown Aidia racemosa 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0020 0.7 2.9
34 Talibajo Allophylus cobbe 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0020 0.7 2.9
Palaquium
35 Towure 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0020 0.7 2.9
obtusifolium
36 Ombana Mallotus sp. 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0020 0.7 2.9
Gelonium
37 unknown 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0013 0.5 2.7
glomeratum
Cryptocarya cf
38 Pondo benu 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0013 0.5 2.7
kahamar
39 Tawa mokora Cryptocarya sp. 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0013 0.5 2.7
Sejenis kayu
40 Diospyros maritima 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0013 0.5 2.7
hitam
42 Gito gito Diospyros malabarica 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0007 0.3 2.4
43 Munde munde Capparis micrantha 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0007 0.3 2.4
44 Samba metado Knema cinerea 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0007 0.3 2.4
45 Sosoreu Leea indica 1 7 1.0 1 1.2 0.0007 0.3 2.4
110
Table 23. Floristic composition of poles (dbh >10 cm to ≤ 20 cm) assemblage in Rocky-
Lowland Forest, Tambeanga, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV).
N=Number of trees, F=Frequency, and BA=Basal Area
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%) (%)
2
Cleistanthus
1 Holea 13 23 11.1 12 12.5 0.1473 7.4 31.0
sumatranus
2 Sisio Cratoxylon formosum 11 19 9.4 5 5.2 0.1732 8.7 23.3
3 Ate ate Trigonostemon sp. 9 16 7.7 7 7.3 0.1341 6.8 21.7
4 Eha Castanopsis argentea 4 7 3.4 1 1.0 0.1913 9.6 14.1
Pterospermum
5 Belengana 5 9 4.3 5 5.2 0.0865 4.4 13.8
diversifolium
Adinandra
6 Bolo bolo 5 9 4.3 3 3.1 0.0731 3.7 11.1
subunguiculata
7 Gito gito Diospyros malabrica 5 9 4.3 3 3.1 0.0643 3.2 10.6
Semecarpus
8 Welepo 3 5 2.6 3 3.1 0.0847 4.3 10.0
cuneiformis
9 Ponto Litsea firma 4 7 3.4 3 3.1 0.0499 2.5 9.1
11 Bitai Calophyllum soulatri 3 5 2.6 2 2.1 0.071 3.6 8.2
16 Kuma Litsea grandis 2 4 1.7 2 2.1 0.0431 2.2 6.0
Palaquium
17 Towure 2 4 1.7 2 2.1 0.0397 2.0 5.8
obtusifolium
Canangium
18 Ondolia 2 4 1.7 2 2.1 0.034 1.7 5.5
odoratum
21 Lara Metrosideros petiolata 2 4 1.7 1 1.0 0.0393 2.0 4.7
Gossampinus
22 Kapuk hutan 2 4 1.7 2 2.1 0.0177 0.9 4.7
malabarica
23 Welahopa Glochidion molle 2 4 1.7 1 1.0 0.0381 1.9 4.7
24 Wehuko Ficus variegata 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.038 1.9 3.8
25 Oloho Spondias sp. 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0284 1.4 3.3
111
Checklist
Table 23. Floristic composition of poles (dbh >10 cm to ≤ 20 cm) assemblage in Rocky-
Lowland Forest, Tambeanga, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV).
N=Number of trees, F=Frequency, and BA=Basal Area (cont.)
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%)
2
(%)
26 Tasea manu Phytocrene hirsuta 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0284 1.4 3.3
27 Kasu ule Mimosa sp. 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0283 1.4 3.3
28 Kolaka wai Oxymitra cf. filipes 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0255 1.3 3.2
Callicarpa
29 Onai 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0255 1.3 3.2
pachyolada
30 Tompira Vitex sp. 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0255 1.3 3.2
Glycosmis
32 unknown 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0199 1.0 2.9
cochinchinensis
Syzygium
35 Tiropamba 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0177 0.9 2.8
acuminatissimum
36 Tolihe Barringtonia sp. 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0177 0.9 2.8
37 Orogo unidentified 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0177 0.9 2.8
38 Sakulendahe Brucea javanica 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0154 0.8 2.7
Ellatostachys
39 Orope langgai 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0113 0.6 2.5
verrucosa
40 Takalea Leea sp. 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0095 0.5 2.4
41 Behu Evodia speciosa 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0079 0.4 2.3
42 Dupa Eugenia sp. 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0079 0.4 2.3
Sejenis Kayu
43 Diospyros sp. 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0079 0.4 2.3
hitam
Mischocarpus
44 Orope ndina 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0079 0.4 2.3
sundaicus
Pterocymbium
45 Toluto 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0079 0.4 2.3
tinctorium
46 Upirano unidentified 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0079 0.4 2.3
47 Usangi ndehu Fatoua pilosa 1 2 0.9 1 1.0 0.0079 0.4 2.3
112
Table 24. Floristic composition of trees (dbh > 20 cm) assemblage in Rocky-Lowland Forest,
Tambeanga, ranked by Species Importance Value (SIV). N=Number of trees,
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%) %)
2
Metrosideros
1 Lara 40 18 13.3 18 8.0 4.8418 17.6 38.9
petiolata
Diospyros
2 Gito gito 15 7 5.0 12 5.3 3.4046 12.4 22.7
malabarica
Pterospermum
3 Belengana 15 7 5.0 9 4.0 1.2273 4.5 13.5
diversifolium
Pterocymbium
4 Toluto 10 4 3.3 8 3.5 1.3744 5.0 11.9
tinctorium
6 Ate ate Trigonostemon sp. 17 7 5.7 11 4.9 0.1905 0.7 11.2
7 Kapu wone Ficus hirta 8 4 2.7 7 3.1 0.8609 3.1 8.9
Diospyros
8 Kalaero 7 3 2.3 7 3.1 0.8521 3.1 8.5
malabarica
Cratoxylon
9 Sisio 11 5 3.7 4 1.8 0.5491 2.0 7.4
formosum
Planchonella
11 Sokibiri 5 2 1.7 4 1.8 0.5521 2.0 5.4
obovata
13 Tolihe Barringtonia sp. 5 2 1.7 5 2.2 0.3299 1.2 5.1
Ellatostachys
14 Orope 5 2 1.7 5 2.2 0.2807 1.0 4.9
verrucosa
15 Kasu ule Mimosa sp. 6 3 2.0 4 1.8 0.2612 1.0 4.7
16 Ponto Litsea firma 5 2 1.7 4 1.8 0.3263 1.2 4.6
Kleinhovia cf.
18 Jati hutan 3 1 1.0 3 1.3 0.4845 1.8 4.1
hospita
19 Kuma Litsea grandis 4 2 1.3 4 1.8 0.2612 1.0 4.1
20 Dupa Eugenia sp. 3 1 1.0 3 1.3 0.4261 1.6 3.9
22 Onato wila Timonius stipulosus 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.8274 3.0 3.8
113
Checklist
name ha (%) (%) (m2/ha) (%) %)
Syzygium
28 Kuma watu 3 1 1.0 3 1.3 0.2160 0.8 3.1
umbilicatum
Pondo undo/ Cryptocarya cf
29 3 1 1.0 3 1.3 0.2160 0.8 3.1
wila kahamar
30 Wilalo Achidendron jiringa 3 1 1.0 3 1.3 0.1983 0.7 3.1
Hibiscus
31 Oninda 4 2 1.3 2 0.9 0.2042 0.7 3.0
macrophyllus
32 Balongga Alseodaphne sp. 3 1 1.0 3 1.3 0.1593 0.6 2.9
34 Kolaka Lithocarpus sp. 2 1 0.7 2 0.9 0.3534 1.3 2.8
36 Ate ndina Drypetes neglecta 3 1 1.0 3 1.3 0.0569 0.2 2.5
37 Tawa mokora Homalium foetidum 2 1 0.7 2 0.9 0.2539 0.9 2.5
38 Jenis Beringin Ficus sp. 2 1 0.7 2 0.9 0.2341 0.9 2.4
39 Lowaru watu Croton argyratus 2 1 0.7 2 0.9 0.1936 0.7 2.3
Kjelbergiondendron
40 Tembeuwa 3 1 1.0 2 0.9 0.0628 0.2 2.1
celebicum
Gossampinus
41 Oloro 2 1 0.7 2 0.9 0.1448 0.5 2.1
malabarica
42 Pepundi nggasu Alphonsea javanica 2 1 0.7 2 0.9 0.1414 0.5 2.1
43 Pololi Adinandra brassii 2 1 0.7 2 0.9 0.1276 0.5 2.0
44 Upirano unidentified 2 1 0.7 2 0.9 0.1021 0.4 1.9
45 Eha Castanopsis argentea 2 1 0.7 1 0.4 0.2092 0.8 1.9
46 Kasu pai unidentified 2 1 0.7 1 0.4 0.2081 0.8 1.9
Dracontomelon
47 Rao 2 1 0.7 1 0.4 0.1711 0.6 1.7
mangiferum
Kapu daun
48 Ficus sp. 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.1964 0.7 1.5
panjang
114
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%) %)
2
49 Kapu lesea hoa Ficus drupacea 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.1964 0.7 1.5
Semecarpus
50 Welepo 2 1 0.7 1 0.4 0.0982 0.4 1.5
cuneiformis
51 Solanga Xylopia malayana 2 1 0.7 1 0.4 0.0805 0.3 1.4
52 Welahopa Rhodamnia cinerea 2 1 0.7 1 0.4 0.0796 0.3 1.4
53 Bitai Calophyllum soulatri 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.1590 0.6 1.4
54 Kolaka wai Oxymitra cf.lipes 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.1571 0.6 1.3
Anthocephalus
56 Kokabu 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.1452 0.5 1.3
macrophyllus
57 Kapu merica Ficus tinctoria 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.1257 0.5 1.2
58 Susua meeto Anaxagorea javanica 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.1257 0.5 1.2
59 Usangi Fatoua pilosa 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.1257 0.5 1.2
Callicarpa
60 Onai 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.1018 0.4 1.1
pachyolada
61 Pondo behu Cryptocarya sp. 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0962 0.4 1.1
Pterospermum
62 Wayu 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0962 0.4 1.1
celebicum
63 Morondaipa unidentified 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0908 0.3 1.1
Barringtonia
64 Puta 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0804 0.3 1.1
racemosa
Canangium
65 Ondolia 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0755 0.3 1.1
odoratum
Syzygium
66 Dambu dambu 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0707 0.3 1.0
cinnamomeum
67 Koni Shorea assamica 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0707 0.3 1.0
68 Kuya Alstonia scholaris 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0707 0.3 1.0
70 Taloe Cynometra ramiflora 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0707 0.3 1.0
71 Tiwala unidentified 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0707 0.3 1.0
73 Wehuko Ficus variegata 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0707 0.3 1.0
115
Checklist
name ha (%) (%) (m /ha) (%) %)
2
Cleistanthus
74 Holea 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0616 0.2 1.0
sumatranus
75 Behu Evodia speciosa 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0531 0.2 1.0
76 Sena Aglaia cf. lawii 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0314 0.1 0.9
78 Nguru watu unidentified 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0314 0.1 0.9
Palaquium
80 Towure 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0314 0.1 0.9
obtusifolium
81 Ate ndina Drypetes neglecta 1 0 0.3 1 0.4 0.0314 0.1 0.9
82 Taliawa unidentified 1 0 0.3 - 0.0314 0.1 0.4
116
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Curtis JT, Cottam G. 1964. Plant Ecology Work Book. Minnesota: Burges Publ. Co., p.67.
Mustari AH. 1995. Population and behaviour of lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis Smith)
in Tanjung Amolengu Wildlife Reserve, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia [MSc. Thesis].
George-August University, Germany.
Mustari AH. 2003. Ecology and conservation of lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis Smith) in
Southeast Sulawesi [PhD Dissertation]. The University of New England, Australia.
INDEKS
Index of Scientific Names

A
Agathis celebica 19, 40
C
Cinnamomum celebicum 19, 43, 68
D
Diospyros celebica 1, 3, 17, 41, 51
Diospyros malabarica 3, 65, 67, 68, 79, 89, 91, 95, 97, 98, 102, 105, 109, 110, 111, 113
Diospyros pilosanthera 53, 67, 71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 85, 101
G
Garuga floribunda 22, 40, 59, 88, 93, 99
I
Intsia bijuga 24, 43, 57, 75, 77, 99
K
Kalappia celebica 1, 23, 43
Kjellbergiodendron celebicum 1, 3, 23, 47, 60, 103
L
Lunasia amara 21, 48, 97
M
Metrosideros petiolata 19, 46, 58, 68, 111, 113
P
Pterospermum celebicum 24, 50, 73, 76, 91, 115
V
Vitex cofassus 19, 50
Checklist
dalam bahasa daerah Tolaki
Index of Vernacular Names

B
Berru 22, 40, 59
Besulo 15, 40, 72, 76, 80, 83, 89, 91, 100
C
Canarium 15, 18, 22, 40, 72, 76, 80, 83, 89, 91, 92, 93, 100
G
Ghorindi 12, 36
K
Kalaero 3, 17, 41, 52, 77, 79, 82, 87, 89, 92, 95, 97, 98, 105, 109, 111, 113
Kalapi 23, 43
Kalengka 18, 48, 61
Kasu Meeto 3, 18, 41, 74
Kolina 19, 43
Korongeo 19, 40
L
Lara 19, 46, 58, 111, 113
Lingato Ngginiku 2, 14, 38, 103
P
Paita 2, 21, 48, 96, 97, 105, 109
S
Silae 22, 44
T
Takulendahi 22, 40, 59, 88, 93, 99
Tembeua 23, 47, 60
W
Wayu 24, 50, 76, 91, 115
120
TENTANG PENULIS
Dr. Ir. Abdul Haris Mustari, M.Sc., lahir di Bone,

Sulawesi Selatan. Sekolah lanjutan atas ditempuh di
SMPP Negeri 30 Watampone, lulus sarjana Kehutanan
dari Institut Pertanian Bogor; Master of Science dari
George-August University, Gottingen (Germany) dengan
tesis berjudul Population and behaviour of lowland anoa
Bubalus depressicornis in Tanjung Amolengu Wildlife
Reserve, SE Sulawesi; dan Doctor of Philosophy dari
University of New England (Australia) dengan disertasi
berjudul Ecology and conservation of lowland anoa Bubalus
depressicornis in Sulawesi. Semenjak tahun 1994 penulis
melakukan kegiatan penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman
hayati dan konservasi berjangka panjang di Bio-Region
Wallacea, serta ekspedisi ilmiah di Sumatera, Kalimantan,
Jawa, Kepulauan Nusatenggara, Maluku dan Papua. Pada
tahun 2012, penulis adalah peserta ekspedisi, tenaga ahli
bidang kehutanan dan bidang flora fauna serta penulis buku Ekspedisi Khatulistiwa 2012
Kalimantan dan Ekspedisi NKRI koridor Sulawesi tahun 2013 yang dikoordinir oleh TNI.
Penulis mengajar mata kuliah Ekologi Satwaliar, Inventarisasi dan Pemantauan Satwaliar, dan
Ekologi dan Konservasi Satwaliar di Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata,
Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Buku yang telah ditulis di antaranya Manual
Identifikasi Beberapa Spesies Kunci di Sulawesi, Buku Panduan Lapang Mamalia Kampus IPB
Dramaga, Buku Panduan Lapang Burung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Mengenal Amfibi dan Reptil
Kampus IPB Dramaga, Kupu-kupu di wilayah kampus IPB Dramaga. Penulis adalah anggota
Asian Wild Cattle Specialist Group (AWCSG). Email: haris.anoa@yahoo.com
Checklist
Pak Tie, asli suku Tolaki, pengenal tumbuhan dan satwa

yang sangat berpengalaman. Dia sangat menguasai seluk
beluk di dalam hutan, menjadi kompas hidup karena
mengetahui medan dengan baik meski tanpa bantuan alat
navigasi. Saat ini, Pak Tie berdomisili di Desa Ulu Nese
berdekatan dengan Suaka Margasatwa Tanjung Amolengo
dan Tanjung Peropa di bagian selatan Sulawesi Tenggara
122

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© 2017, HAK CIPTA DILINDUNGI OLEH UNDANG-UNDANG

Tahun Terbit Elektronik: 2018

Abdul Haris Mustari

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Kokabu (Tolaki), Kalengka (Muna), Anthocephalus macrophyllus.

Table 1. Floristic composition of seedling (height up to 1.5 m) and undergrowth assemblage

Table 1. Floristic composition of seedling (height up to 1.5 m) and undergrowth assemblage

Table 1. Floristic composition of seedling (height up to 1.5 m) and undergrowth assemblage

Table 3. Floristic composition of poles (dbh >10 cm to ≤ 20 cm) assemblage in Riverine

Table 5. Floristic composition of seedling (height up to 1.5 m) and undergrowth assemblage

Table 5. Floristic composition of seedling (height up to 1.5 m) and undergrowth assemblage

Table 5. Floristic composition of seedling (height up to 1.5 m) and undergrowth assemblage

Table 9. Floristic composition of seedling (height up to 1.5 m) and undergrowth assemblage in