A. Definisi
Menurut Barbara R. Straight. Keperawatan Ibu - BBL.
Persalinan prematur adalah persalinan yang dimulai setelah kehamilan 20 minggu
dan sebelum kehamilan 37 minggu.
D. Pencegahan
Menurut Sarwono Prawirohardjo. Ilmu Kebidanan. 2005.
Yang dimaksud disini dengan pencegahan ialah pencegahan kelahiran prematur
bukan karena kondisi medik (perdarahan, hpertensi). Jadi bila ada pasien dengan
indikasi (riwayat preterm) atau gemelli dapat dimasukkan ke dalam program ini.
Beberapa peneliti telah mencoba membuat program bagi pasien dengan
indikasi partus preterm dan mencoba menghentikan proses dengan terapi tokolisis,
hasilnya cukup menarik dengan menurunkan kejadian preterm sampai separuhnya.
Pasien diberitahu mengenai gejala kontraksi, baik secara palpasi maupun
alat perekam selama 2 jam dalam sehari.
Dari penelitian yang dilakukan ternyata kontraksi menjadi lebih sering
yaitu 2 x/10 menit dlam 48 jam menjelang partus. Pasien dpat diinstruksikan
bahwa bila merasakan kontraksi 4 kali atau lebih per jam diminta untuk
menghubungi klinik. Pasien dianjurkan untuk datang ke klinik dan dinilai keadaan
serviks yang bila ternyata sudah matang maka dapat dilakukan pengobatan
takolisis. Sebelum memberikan terapi takolisis, sebaiknya dilakukan pengawasan
adanya his, dalam keadaan pasien berbaring miring dan memberikannya minum.
Bila kontraksi hilang maka tak perlu melanjutkan terapi takolisis.
Perlu diperiksa adanya kontra indikasi pemberian obat. Obat beta mimetic
jangan dberikan pada pasien dengan penyakit jantung, edema paru. Pengobatan
takolisis dimulai dengan infus dan kemudian dapat dilanjutkan dengan obat oral
secara berobat jalan bila ternyata partus dapat ditunda.
Obat anti prostaglandin (misalnya Indomethacin) harus dipakai dengan
sangat selektif mengingat komplikasi yang ditimbulkan terhadap janin seperti
sindrom gawat nafas dan kelainan ginjal.
BASIS OF THEORY
A. Definition
According to Barbara R. Straight. Nursing Mother - BBL.
Preterm labor is labor that begins after 20 weeks gestation and before 37 weeks
gestation.
C. Clinical manifestation
According to the faculty of medicine. Capita Selekta Medicine. 2001.
1. Regular uterine contractions at least 3-5 minutes once for 45 seconds in at least
2 hours.
2. In the active phase, intensity and frequency of contractions increased when the
patient performs the activity.
3. Gestational age between 20-37 weeks.
4. Estimated fetal weight according to gestational age between 20-37 weeks.
5. Abnormal fetal presentation is more common pad preterm labor.
When the labor became apparent, then treatment can begin. If no uterine
function was evaluated further by using the topography ekstenal to record and
length contraction, the progressive opening of the cervix, a sign of labor.
D. Prevention
According to Sarwono Prawirohardjo. Obstetrics. 2005.
What is meant here by the prevention of preterm birth prevention is not due to
medical conditions (bleeding, hpertensi). So if there are patients with indication
(history of preterm) or Gemelli can be incorporated into this program.
Some researchers have tried to create a program for patients with an indication of
preterm parturition and tried to stop the process with tocolysis therapy, the results
are quite interesting with a lower incidence of preterm until half.
Patients were informed about the symptoms of contraction, either palpation or
recording device for 2 hours in a day.
From research conducted turned out to be more frequent contractions that
is 2 x/10 minutes dlam 48 hours before parturition. Patients dpat instructed that if
having contractions four times or more per hour are asked to contact the clinic.
Patients are encouraged to come to the clinic and assessed the state of the cervix
when it is ripe, it can be done takolisis treatment. Before giving takolisis therapy,
should be a his supervision, in a state of the patient lying on her side and gave it a
drink. When the contraction is lost there is no need to continue therapy takolisis.
Needs to be checked the contra indications of drug delivery. Beta-mimetic drugs
do not dberikan in patients with heart disease, pulmonary edema. Takolisis
Treatment begins with intravenous and then be followed by outpatient oral
medicine if it can be delayed parturition.
Anti-prostaglandin drugs (eg indomethacin) should be used very selectively given
to the fetus posed complications such as respiratory distress syndrome and renal
abnormalities.