Desain PCB

Definisi

• PCB merupakan singkatan dari Printed Circuit

Board
• Papan komponen-komponen elektronika
yang tersusun membentuk rangkaian
elektronik
• Tempat rangkaian yang menghubungkan
komponen elektronik yang satu dengan
lainnya tanpa menggunakan kabel
 Tipe-Tipe PCB

1. Single side -> papan PCB tersebut hanya

mempunyai satu sisi dilapisi oleh lempeng
tembaga.
2. Double side -> papan PCB tersebut mempunyai dua
sisi yang dilapisi oleh lempeng tembaga dan lapisan
fiber-nya ada diantara dua lapisan tembaga
tersebut, sehingga dapat membuat jalur di layer
atas maupun layer bawah.
3. Multi layer -> PCB yang terdiri dari beberapa lapis
tembaga yang bersifat konduktor yang disusun
secara bergantian.
 Istilah-Istilah Dalam PCB
1. Bare board : This term refers to a circuit
board with no components mounted on it.
2. Trace : This term refers to the copper width
of the PCB wires.
3. Via : Interconnection of signal between
different layers of a PCB.
4. Pad : This is one of the most basic units of
PCB. A pad is a contact point used to connect
components with a via and is the point to
which the components are soldered.
PCB Production Flow
 PCB Production Flow
Rancangan/gagasan
desain PCB
Gambar skematik CAE

Desain layout CAD

Setup data produksi
CAM
Produksi

Hasil PCB
Design Rules
There are four types of design rules:
• Electrical Constraints: Performance characteristics
• Physical Constraints: Line (Trace) width, via selection, and
layer restriction
• Spacing Constraints: Clearances between lines, pads, vias, and
copper
• Same Net Spacing constraints : Clearances between lines pads
vias, and copper areas (shape) on the same net.These are
differentiated From Net to Net rules from Net to net rules
Proses Desain PCB
• Schematic design: It is a circuit diagram. It uses agreed symbols to
represent components and show how they area electrically
connected
Simbol-Simbol Skematik
Skematik Resistor Skematik kapasitor
Skematik Induktor Skematik Dioda
 Skematik Sakelar
Skematik Transistor
Skematik Powersuplay
Skematik Kabel
Contoh Gambar Skema dan Bentuk Ril

• Pada gambar ini terlihat sebuah trafo 1

Amper, sebuah saklar, power chord, dioda
pada sekunder trafonya, elko, dan sebuah
LED yang di hubungkan seri dengan
resistor.
• Komponen-komponen ini sudah
terhubung satu dengan lainnya.
Bandingkan bagian A dengan B.
 Netlist
• Deskripsi konektivitas suatu sirkuit
elektronik
• Netlist terdiri dari daftar komponen
elektronik dalam sebuah rangkaian dan
daftar node yang terhubung dengannya
• Netlist terdiri dari daftar komponen
elektronik dalam sebuah rangkaian dan
daftar node yang terhubung dengannya
Tata Letak Komponen
Tata Letak Komponen
 Ten Rules for Components Placement on
PCB Design
1. Start placement of big/main/critical components( this could be
MCU,DSP,FPGA,DDR, clock devices) and then place support component like
resistors, capacitors around them.
2. Use 50 or 100mil as component grid to place these big components ( QFP, BGA,
SOP, SOIC, or through hole connectors). Use 25mil as component gird for these
SMT resistors/capacitors or other small passive components.
3. Isolate the analog, digital and power supply section.
4. Clock driver/synchronizer should be located close to clock oscillator.
5. Arrange components in rows and columns, and oriented uniformly for ease of
installation, inspection and rework. When possible, all polarized components such
as tantrum capacitor and diodes in the same direction. Polarity of these
components should be indicated on the silkscreen.
 Ten Rules for Components Placement on
PCB Design
6. Keep at least 40mil space between components and 100mil space from component
to board edge. Locate connectors on one edge or one corner of the board.
7. Try to place all components on the top side only. If not possible, only these low
profile, small size and low thermal dissipation component (like SMD passive parts)
can be on bottom side.
8. Place decoupling capacitors close as much as possible to VCC pin on active
components.
9. Keep at least 200mil clearance from transformer to electrolytic capacitor.
10. Locate indication LEDs, test points, switches, jumpers and adjustable components
for easy access. One more rule, it’s always good to double check analog, high
frequency, RF, high voltage, high profile, heavy or high heat components before
starting trace routing.
 Routing and Length Matching
In electronic design, wire routing, commonly called simply routing, is a
step in the design of printed circuit board and integrated circuit.
 Gerber File

• The gerber format is an open ASCII vector format for 2D binary image
• It is used to describe the printed circuit board images: copper layer
solder mask.
• It is the standard file used by printed circuit board (PCB) industry
software to describe the printed circuit board images : copper layers,
solder mask, legend, etc
Tahap Akhir

Pabrikasi
 Aplikasi Fritzing

• Fritzing merupakan salah satu

aplikasi (open source) yang
sering digunakan untuk
mendesain PCB.
• Pada aplikasi Fritzing dapat
digunakan untuk
menggambarkan rangkaian baik
dalam bentuk breadboard,
schematic, dan PCB