Instansi:
Departemen Teknik Mesin - Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Indonesia
Jabatan Fungsional: Organisasi profesi:
Guru Besar Tetap Fakultas Teknik 1. SFPE (Society of Fire Protection Engineers),
Universitas Indonesia.
2. IAFSS (International Association for Fire Safety
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Universitas Indonesia
Disampaikan oleh:
Outline
Dinamika Api dalam Kebakaran Ruangan
Tahap Penyelenggaraan Bangunan Gedung
Fitur Dasar Sistem Keselamatan dan Proteksi
Kebakaran Bangunan Gedung
Kinerja Sistem Proteksi Kebakaran (SPK)
Pemeliharaan Kinerja SPK Bangunan Gedung
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https://youtu.be/KczK1kGhp1I
Kebakaran Gedung
Utama Kejaksaan Agung,
Jakarta (2020)
https://youtu.be/p4apxwPyQJc
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Pertumbuhan Kebakaran
di dalam Ruangan
30
Time [minutes]
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Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdEI7g2i1ZU&t=61s
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Perencanaan /design,
Konstruksi,
Operasi dan Pemeliharaan,
Pembongkaran
Tahapan Perencanaan
1. Conceptual Design
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1. Persyaratan Keselamatan
2. Persyaratan Kesehatan
3. Persyaratan Kenyamanan
4. Persyaratan Kemudahan
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• Smoke Management
Architecture • Evacuation
• Access for Fire Brigade
Mechanical
Structures Engineering
• HVAC systems
• Hydraulic Systems
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Penyelenggaraan
Detailed
Bangunan Gedung Engineering
Conceptual Material
Desain Selection
Demolition
Procurement
Operation &
Maintenance Construction
Commissioning
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[ARUP]
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Kompartemenisasi
Compartmentation:
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Sistem deteksi
dan alarm
kebakaran
https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/evacuation/fire_detection.html
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Pengendalian asap
Tanpa sistem manajemen / ekstraksi asap Dengan sistem manajemen / ekstraksi asap
[A.H. Buchanan, 2001]
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Batasan …
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Evaluasi Desain
Siapkan penghitungan waktu evakuasi (menggunakan
komputer atau tangan), untuk menentukan required safe
egress time (RSET)
Siapkan pemodelan kebakaran dan evaluasi terhadap kriteria
kinerja selama penghuni berada.
Tentukan available safe egress time (ASET)
Bottom line:
(Proulx, 2008)
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Untenable
Conditions
Solution [J. Torero, 2013] Evacuation
Completed
% Structural
100%
Failure
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Tujuan
te<<<<tf
te<<<<tS
ts→
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Jalur evakuasi
UCSC
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Tempat berhimpun
Leeds University
Risiko Penjalaran
Api External
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Commissioning
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Commissioning (lanjutan)
Commisioning dimulai dalam fase desain dengan
mendokumentasikan maksud desain dan berlanjut selama
konstruksi, penerimaan, dan periode penggunaan bangunan
gedung.
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Pengujian Terintegrasi
Adalah penilaian fungsi dan pengoperasian sistem
proteksi kebakaran dan keselamatan jiwa, dengan
menggunakan observasi langsung atau metode
pemantauan lainnya untuk memverifikasi interaksi
dan koordinasi yang benar dari beberapa sistem
terintegrasi sesuai dengan tujuan proteksi
kebakaran dan keselamatan jiwa.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
ml4GoxuMDo
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Facades in fire
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y89Ml1dLN7E
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Select the system from the list of all fire protection systems existing at the plant
(portable extinguishers, detection systems, automatic extinguishing systems, exhaust
systems, or other) and gather all information possible about it; For the selected fire
protection system, perform a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, clearly describing the
system function and splitting the equipment into main functional
Source: Jose Sobral and Luis Ferreira, Process Safety Progress · April 2015, DOI: 10.1002/prs.11740
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Classify the degradation level of the items after an inspection or test [16]. It is
proposed that it can be identified by three categories, Total Degradation (TD), Partial
Degradation (PD), and No Degradation (ND). Clearly define the meaning of each level.
It can be done using the personnel competences and skills as well as historical data or
manufacturers’ expertise.
Source: Jose Sobral and Luis Ferreira, Process Safety Progress · April 2015, DOI: 10.1002/prs.11740
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Source: Jose Sobral and Luis Ferreira, Process Safety Progress · April 2015, DOI: 10.1002/prs.11740
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Setelah Kebakaran
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Terima kasih
Alamat korespondensi:
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