Oleh:
Daniel Saputra
NPM : 131821170501
USULAN PENELITIAN
Untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat kelulusan
Program Pendidikan Dokter Spesialis-1 Urologi Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung
DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................i
DAFTAR GAMBAR..............................................................................................iii
DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................................iv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN........................................................................................2
1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian..........................................................................2
1.2 Rumusan Masalah......................................................................................4
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian.......................................................................................4
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum................................................................................4
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus...............................................................................4
1.4. Kegunaan Penelitian..................................................................................5
1.4.1 Kegunaan Ilmiah............................................................................5
1.4.2 Kegunaan Praktis...........................................................................5
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN...........................6
2.1 Anatomi Uretra dan Penis..........................................................................6
2.2 Hipospadia.................................................................................................8
2.2.1 Definisi...........................................................................................8
2.2.2 Epidemiologi..................................................................................8
2.2.3 Etiopatogenesis..............................................................................9
2.2.4 Klasifikasi....................................................................................11
2.2.5 Manifestasi Klinis........................................................................12
2.2.5 Diagnosis......................................................................................14
2.2.6 Penatalaksanaan...........................................................................14
2.3 Teknik Operasi Hipospadia.....................................................................15
2.3.1...................MAGPI (Meatal Advancement and Glanuloplasty
Incorporated)...............................................................................17
2.3.2 TIP (Tubularized Incised Plate)...................................................18
2.3.3 Onlay Island Flap........................................................................19
2.3.4 Prosedur Mathieu.........................................................................20
2.4 Follow Up.................................................................................................21
2.5 Uroflowmetri.............................................................................................22
2.5 Kerangka Pemikiran..................................................................................23
BAB III SUBJEK DAN METODE PENELITIAN...............................................40
3.1 Metode Penelitian....................................................................................40
3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian..................................................................40
3.3 Subjek Penelitian.....................................................................................40
3.3.1 Populasi........................................................................................40
3.3.2 Penentuan Sampel........................................................................41
3.3.2.1 Kriteria Inklusi.............................................................................41
3.3.2.2 Kriteria Eksklusi..........................................................................41
3.3.3 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel.......................................................41
3.4 Variabel dan Definisi Operasional Variabel...........................................43
3.5 Alur Penelitian.........................................................................................44
3.6 Pengumpulan dan Pengolahan................................................................44
3.6.1 Pengumpulan Data.......................................................................44
3.6.2 Pengolahan Data..........................................................................44
3.7 Tabel model.............................................................................................45
DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................43
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.5 Prosedur MAGPI (a) preoperatif, (b,c) intraoperatif, (d) postoperatif
..........................................................................................................18
Urethroplasty....................................................................................19
Tabel 3.3 Perbandingan hasil luaran uretroplasti dan CEDU tahap 2 berdasarkan
Tabel 3.4 Perbandingan hasil luaran uretroplasti dan CEDU tahap 2 berdasarkan
hasil flowmetri.......................................................................................................46
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN