FUNGSI BETA
2.1 TUJUAN
2.2 DEFINISI
1
(m, n) = x m −1 (1 − x)n −1 dx, m 0, n 0 (2.1)
0
a. Substitusi x = sin
2
/2
(m, n) = 2 (sin ) 2 m−1 (cos ) 2 n−1 d (2.2)
0
b. Substitusi x = cos
2
/2
(cos ) (sin )2 n −1 d
2 m −1
(m, n) = 2 (2.3)
0
9
y
c. Substitusi x =
a
1
1
y
m−1
(m, n) = m+ n−1
(a − y ) n−1 dy (2.4)
a 0
y
d. Substitusi x =
1+ y
y m−1
(m, n) = m+ n
dy (2.5)
0
(1 + y )
ay
e. Substitusi x =
ay + b
y m−1
(m, n) = a b 0 (ay + b) m+n dy
m n
(2.6)
2.3 TEORI
(m, n) = (n, m)
0
(m, n) = − (1 − y ) m−1 y n−1dy
1
1
= y n−1 (1 − y ) m−1 dy = (n, m)
0
( m) ( n )
(m, n) = (2.7)
( m + n)
10
Bukti : Menggunakan definisi Fungsi Gamma (persamaan (1.14),
( m) = 2 y 2 m −1 − y 2
dy dan (n) = 2 z 2 n −1e − z dz
2
e
0 0
Maka
( m) ( n) = [ 2 y e dy] [2 z 2 n−1e − z dz]
2 m −1 − y 2 2
0 0
= 4 y 2 m−1 z 2 m−1e −( y + z ) dy dz, y = r cos dan z = r sin
2 2
0 0
/2
= 4 (r cos ) 2 m−1 (r sin ) 2 n−1 e −r r dr d
2
/2
0 0
= (m, n) (m + n)
( m) ( n )
Jadi, (m, n) = .
( m + n)
Untuk 0 n 1,
(n) (1 − n) = (2.8)
sin n
(c) Contoh
(3) (5)
1 1
x (1 − x) dx = x (1 − x) dx = (3,5) =
2 4 3 −1 5 −1
1.
0 0
(3 + 5)
(2 !)(4 !) 1
= =
7! 105
11
5
/2 ( )(3)
1 5 1 2 8
2.
0
sin 4 cos5 d = ( ,3) =
2 2 2 (11)
=
315
.
5
2m − 1 = 4 m = dan 2n − 1 = 5 n = 3
2
7 1 15
/2 ( ) ( )
1 7 1 1 5
3.
0
cos6 d = ( , ) =
2 2 2 2
2
(4)
2 = 8
2 (3 !)
=
32
.
7 1
2m − 1 = 6 m = dan 2n − 1 = 0 n =
2 2
1 1
( ) ( )
2 = = .
3 3 1 1 1 1
dx − − + −1 1 1
4.
0 3x − x 2
= x (3 − x)
0
2 2
dx = 3 2 2
( , ) = 2
2 2 (1) 1
1 1 1 1
a = 3; m − 1 = − m= dan n −1 = − n=
2 2 2 2
5 5 1 1 3 1 1
dx − − − −
5.
2
= ( x − 2) 2 (5 − x) 2 dx = y 2 (3 − y ) 2 dx =
( x − 2)(5 − x) 2 0
Substitusi : y = x − 2 dy = dx
x = 2 y = 0 , x = 5 y = 3 dan 5− x = 3− y
2.4 SOAL-SOAL
1. Hitunglah :
3 2
a. (3,5) c. ( , )
5 5
12
2 1 2 3
b. ( , ) d. ( , )
3 3 4 4
2. Hitunglah :
1 2
1
x (1 − x) dx
3 5
a. d. dx
0 0 2x − x 2
1 1
1− x
x − x dx
2
b. e. dx
0 0 x
1 a
1 1
c. dx f. a −x
dx .
0 x−x 2
0
4 4
3. Hitunglah :
/2 /2
sin cos
3 5 5
a. x cos x dx d. x sin 2 x dx
0 0
/2 /2
sin x cos x
6 6
b. dx e. dx
0 0
cos x sin
4 4
c. dx f. x dx
0 0
m+n
b. (m, n) = (m, n + 1) .
n
n −1
c. (m, n) = (m + 1, n − 1) .
m
13
5. Buktikan bahwa
/2 /2
( p2+1 )
0 sin d = 0 sin d = 2 ( 2p + 1)
p p
a.
/2
1.3.5..( p − 1)
sin d =
p
0
2.4.6.. p 2
/2
2.4.6.. p)
sin d =
p
.
0
1.3.5..( p − 1)
6. a. Menggunakan hasil
x p −1
0
1+ x
dx =
sin p
, 0 p 1,
tunjukkan bahwa
( p) (1 − p) = .
sin p
b. Hitunglah
1
0
1+ x4
dx.
7. Buktikan
cos x
0
xp
dx =
2( p) cos(2p )
, p = ,−6,−4,−2, 0, 2, 4,
14
8. Menggunakan substitusi x = 1+yy , tunjukkan
y m−1 y n−1
(m, n) = dy = dy.
0
(1 + y ) m+ n 0
(1 + y ) m+ n
y m −1
(m, n) = a b m n
m+n
dy.
0 ( ay + b )
2 2 p −1 ( p) ( p + 12 ) = (2 p), 0 p 1.
15