11.

Tentukan balikan aditif dan multiplikatif daribilangan kompleks berikut :

a. ( 3−41 i )( 3+2−i4 i )
 Mencari a 1 dan b1
1 1 3+ 4 i 3+4 i 3+4 i 3+ 4 i
= × = = =
3−4 i 3−4 i 3+ 4 i 9−(16 i ) 9−16 (−1)
2
25
3+4 i 3 4 3 4
z 1= = + i → a1= ,b 1=
25 25 25 25 25

 Mencari a 2 dan b 2
2−i 3−4 i 6−8 i−3 i+4 i 6−11 i+4 (−1 ) 2−11 i
2
2−i
= × = = =
3+4 i 3+4 i 3−4 i 9−( 16 i 2 ) 9−16 (−1 ) 25

z 2=
2−11 i 2 −11
25
= +
25 25 ( ) 2
i→ a2= , b2=
25
−11
25

 PERKALIAN z 1 z 2 ( 3+425 i )( 2−11i

25 )

( 3+425 i )( 2−11i
25 )
=( a a −b b , a b + a b )
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1

( 3+425 i )( 2−11i
25 ) [
= ( )( )−( )(
3
25 25
2 4 −11
25 25 ) , ( )(
3 −11
25 25 ) 25 25 ]
+ ( )( )
2 4

( 3+425 i )( 2−11i
25 ) =
[ 625 625 625 625 ]
6
−( ) ,(
−44 −33
)+
8

( 3+425 i )( 2−11i
25 ) =(
625 625 )
50 −25
,

( 3+425 i )( 2−11i
25 ) ( 25 25 )
=
2 −1
,

 BALIKAN ADITIF
( a , b )+ (−a ,−b )=( 0,0 )

( 252 ,− 251 )+[ −225 ,−( −125 )]=( 0,0 )

 ( 2
,−
25 25
1
+
−2 1
,
25 25 )(
=( 0,0 ) )
( 0,0 ) =( 0,0 )

( 252 , −1
Dalam hal ini , z =
25 ) atau z=
2−i
25

memiliki balikan aditif yaitu ( , ) atau

−2 1 −2+i
25 25 25

 BALIKAN MULTIPLIKATIF

(a , b )
( 2
a
a +b
2
b
)
,− 2 2 =( 1,0 )
a +b

[ ( )]
2 −1

( 252 ,− 251 ) 25
,−
25
=( 1,0 )
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
2 −1 2 −1
+ +
25 25 25 25

[ ]
2 1

( 252 ,− 251 ) 4
+
25
1
,
4
+
1
25
=( 1,0 )
625 625 625 625

)[ ]
2 1

( 252 ,− 251 25 25
5
,
5
=( 1,0 )
625 625

( 252 ,− 251 )[( 252 × 6255 ) , ( 251 × 6255 )]=( 1,0 )

( 252 ,− 251 ) (10,5 )=( 1,0)
( a 1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 ) =( 1,0 )

[ 2
25
×10−
−1
25 ( ) ( )
×5 ,
2
25
×5+10 ×
−1
25
=( 1,0 ) ( )]
( 2025 + 255 , 1025 − 1025 )=( 1,0)
 ( 25
25 )
, 0 = (1,0 )

( 1,0 )= (1,0 )

Dalam hal ini , z = ( 252 , −1

25 ) atau z=
2−i
25
memiliki balikan multiplikatif yaitu ( 10,5 ) atau10+ 5i

b. ( 3−41 i )( 1−3
3+4 i )
i

a. Mencari a 1 dan b1
1 1 3+ 4 i 3+4 i 3+4 i 3+ 4 i
= × = = =
3−4 i 3−4 i 3+ 4 i 9−(16 i ) 9−16 (−1)
2
25
3+4 i 3 4 3 4
z 1= = + i → a1= ,b 1=
25 25 25 25 25

b. Mencari a 2 dan b 2
1−3 i 1−3i 3−4 i 3−4 i−9i+12 i2 3−13 i+12(−1) −9−13 i
= × = = =
3+ 4 i 3+4 i 3−4 i 9− ( 16 i2 ) 9−16 (−1 ) 25

z 2=
−9−13i −9 −13
25
=
25
+
25 ( )
i→ a 2=
−9
,b =
25 2 25
−13

 PERKALIAN z 1 z 2 ( 2−11
25 )( 25 )
i −9−13 i

( 253 + 254 i)( −9−13

25 )
i
=( a a −b b , a b + a b )
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1

( 253 + 254 i)( −9−1325

i
) [
= ( )(
3 −9
25 25 ) −( )(
4 −13
25 25 ) , ( )(
3 −13
25 25 ) +(
25 )( 25 ) ]
−9 4

=[
( 253 + 254 i)( −9−13 ) 625 625 625 625 ]
i −27 52 39 36
+ ,− −
25
 ( 3 4
+ i
25 25 )(
−9−13 i
25
= )(
25 −75
,
625 625 )
( 253 + 254 i)( −9−13
25
i
) =( ,
25 25 )
1 −3

 BALIKAN ADITIF
( a , b )+ (−a ,−b )=( 0,0 )

( 251 , −325 )+[ −125 ,−( −325 )]=( 0,0 )

( 251 ,− 253 )+( −125 , 253 )=( 0,0)
( 0,0 ) =( 0,0 )

( 251 , −325 ) atau z = 1−3i

Dalam hal ini , z =
25

memiliki balikan aditif yaitu ( , ) atau

−1 3 −1+3 i
25 25 25

 BALIKAN MULTIPLIKATIF

(a , b )
( a +a b ,− a b+b )=( 1,0)
2 2 2 2

[ ( )]
1 −3

( 251 ,− 253 ) 25
,−
25
=( 1,0 )
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
1 −3 1 −3
+ +
25 25 25 25

[ ]
1 3

( 1
,−
25 25
3
) 1
+
25
9
,
1
+
9
25
=( 1,0 )
625 625 625 625

)[ ]
1 3

( 251 ,− 253 25 25
,
10 10
=( 1,0 )
625 625
 ( 251 ,− 253 )[( 251 × 625
10 ) 25 10 ) ]
,( ×
3 625
=( 1,0 )

( 251 ,− 253 )[(1 × 2510 ) ,(3 × 2510 )]=( 1,0 )

( 251 ,− 253 )( 2510 , 7510 )=( 1,0 )
( 251 ,− 253 )( 52 , 152 )=( 1,0 )
( a 1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 ) =( 1,0 )

([ 251 ) × ( 52 )−( −325 ) ×( 152 ),( 251 )× ( 152 )+( 52 )× ( −325 )]=( 1,0 )
( 101 + 5045 , 1550 − 1550 )=( 1,0)
( 5+45
50
, 0 )=( 1,0 )

( 5050 , 0)=( 1,0 )

( 1,0 )= (1,0 )

( 251 , −325 ) atau z = 1−3i

Dalam hal ini , z =
25

memiliki balikan multiplikatif yaitu ( , ) atau

5 15 5+ 15i
2 2 2

c. ( 3+4 i )( 3+ 4 i )
2−i 1−3 i

 Mencari a 1 dan b1
2−i 2−i 3−4 i 6−8 i−3 i+4 i 2 6−11 i+4 (−1 ) 2−11 i
= × = = =
3+4 i 3+4 i 3−4 i 9−( 16 i ) 9−16 (−1 ) 25
2

z 1=
2−11 i 2 −11
25
= +
25 25 ( )
2
i→ a1= ,b 1=
25
−11
25

 Mencari a 2 dan b 2
 1−3 i 1−3i 3−4 i 3−4 i−9i+12 i 3−13 i+12(−1) −9−13 i
2
= × = = =
3+ 4 i 3+4 i 3−4 i 9− ( 16 i ) 9−16 (−1 ) 25
2

z 2=
−9−13i −9 −13
25
=
25
+
25 ( )
i→ a 2=
−9
,b =
25 2 25
−13

 ( 2−11
PERKALIAN z 1 z 2
25 )( 25 )
i −9−13 i

( 2−11
25 )( 25 )
i −9−13 i
=( a a −b b ,a b + a b )
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1

( 2−11
25 )(
i −9−13 i
25 ) [
= ( )(
2 −9
25 25 )−( )(
−11 −13
25 25 ) , ( )(
2 −13
25 25 )+(
25 )( 25 )]
−9 −11

( 2−11
25 )(
i −9−13 i
25 ) =
[ 625 625 625 625 ]
,(
−161 143 −26
− ) +
99

( 2−11
25 )(
i −9−13 i
25 ) =(
625 625 )
−161 73
,

 BALIKAN ADITIF
( a , b )+ (−a ,−b )=( 0,0 )

( −161 ,
73
625 625 ) [
+ −(
−161
625 ) ,−
625 ]
73
=( 0,0 )

( −161 ,
73
625 625 ) +(
625 625 )
161
,−
73
=( 0,0 )

( 0,0 ) =( 0,0 )

( −161
Dalam hal ini , z =
625 625 )
,
73
atau z=
−161+73 i
625

memiliki balikan aditif yaitu ( )

161 73 161−73 i
,− atau
625 625 625

 BALIKAN MULTIPLIKATIF

(a , b )
( a +a b ,− a b+b )=( 1,0)
2 2 2 2
 [ ( )]
−161 73

( −161
625 625 )
,
73 625
,−
625
=( 1,0 )
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
−161 73 −161 73
+ +
625 625 625 625

[ ]
161 73
−
( −161
625 625 )
,
73
25921
625
+
5329
,−
25921
625
+
5329
=( 1,0 )
390625 390625 390625 390625

)[ ]
161 73
−
( −161 ,
73
625 625
625
31250
,−
625
31250
= (1,0 )
390625 390625

625 625 ) [ ( 625 31250 ) ( 625 31250 )]

( −161 73 161 390625 73 390625
, − × ,− × = (1,0 )

( −161 ,
73
625 625 ) [ −(
161
1
×
625
31250 ) 1 31250 ) ]
,−( ×
73 625
=( 1,0 )

625 625 [
( −161 ) 1 50 ]
−( × ) ,−( × ) =( 1,0 )
73 161 1 73 1
,
1 50

( −161
625 625 )( 50
,
73 −161 73
,− )=( 1,0 )
50
( a 1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 ) =( 1,0 )

[( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )]
−161
625
×
−161
50
−
73
625
×
−73 −161
50
,
625
×
−73
50
+
−161
50
×
73
625
=( 1,0 )

( 25921
31250 31250 31250 31250 )
+
5329 11753 11753
, − =( 1,0 )

( 31250
31250 )
, 0 =( 1,0 )

( 1,0 )= (1,0 )

( −161
Dalam hal ini , z = ,
625 625
73
) atau z=
−161+73 i
625

memiliki balikan multiplikatif yaitu ( ,− ) atau

−161 73 −161−73 i
50 50 625
12. Apakah perkalian bilangan kompleks berikut distributif?

a. ( 3−41 i )[ ( 3+2−i4 i )+ ( 1−3

3+ 4 i ) ]
i

 Mencari a 1 dan b1
1 1 3+ 4 i 3+4 i 3+4 i 3+ 4 i
= × = = =
3−4 i 3−4 i 3+ 4 i 9−(16 i ) 9−16 (−1)
2
25
3+4 i 3 4 3 4
z 1= = + i → a1= ,b 1=
25 25 25 25 25

 Mencari a 2 dan b 2
2−i 2−i 3−4 i 6−8 i−3 i+4 i 2 6−11 i+4 (−1 ) 2−11 i
= × = = =
3+4 i 3+4 i 3−4 i 9−( 16 i 2 ) 9−16 (−1 ) 25

z 2=
2−11 i 2 −11
25
= +
25 25
2
( )
i→ a2= , b2=
25
−11
25

 Mencari a 3 dan b 3
2
1−3 i 1−3i 3−4 i 3−4 i−9i+12 i 3−13 i+12(−1) −9−13 i
= × = = =
3+ 4 i 3+4 i 3−4 i 9− ( 16 i2 ) 9−16 (−1 ) 25

z 3=
−9−13i −9 −13
25
=
25
+
25
i →a 3=( )
−9
25
,b 3=
−13
25

 PEMBUKTIAN :
 Ruas kiri

z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )= ( 3+254 i )[ ( 2−11i
25 ) +(
25 ) ]
−9−13 i

z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )= ( 3+254 i )( −7−24
25 )
i

z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )=( a1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 )

z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )=
[( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )]
3 −7
25 25
−
4 −24
25 25
,
3 −24
25 25
+
−7
25
4
25
 (
z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )=
−21 96 −72 −28
+ , +
625 625 625 625 )
z ( z + z )=(
625 625 )
75 100
1 2 3 ,−

z ( z + z )=( ,− )
3 4
1 2 3
25 25

 Ruas kanan

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3= ([ 3+254 i ) ( 2−11
25 ) ] [ 25 ) ( 25 ) ]
i
+ ( 3+4 i −9−13 i

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=¿
[( )(
3 4
,
25 25
2 −11
,
25 25 )] [ (
+ ,
)(
3 4 −9 −13
,
25 25 25 25 )]
z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=¿ ( a 1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 ) + ( a 1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 )

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=
{[( 3
25 25 ) ( 25 )( 25 ) ( 25 )( 25 ) ] [( 25 )( 25 ) ( 25 )( 25 ) ( 25 )(
)( 252 )−( 254 )( −11 ,
3 −11
+
2 4
+
3 −9
−
4 −13
,
3 −

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3= ([ 6256 + 625
44 −33 8
, +
625 625 ) +(
625 625 625 625 ) ]
−27 52 −39 −36
+ , +

([ 625
50
z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3= ,−
25
625 ) +(
625 625 ) ]
25
,−
75

z z + z z =(
625 625 )
75 100
1 2 1 3 ,−

z z + z z =( ,− )
3 4
1 2 1 3
25 25
 KESIMPULAN
z 1 ( z 2 + z 3 )=z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3

( 253 ,− 254 )=( 253 ,− 254 )

Karena ruas kiri = ruas kanan maka terbukti distributif

b. ( 3+2−i4 i ) [ ( 3−41 i )+ ( 1−3

3+ 4 i ) ]
i
 Mencari a 1 dan b1
2−i 2−i 3−4 i 6−8 i−3 i+4 i 2 6−11 i+4 (−1 ) 2−11 i
= × = = =
3+4 i 3+4 i 3−4 i 9−( 16 i ) 9−16 (−1 ) 25
2

z 1=
2−11 i 2 −11
25
= +
25 25 ( )
2
i→ a1= ,b 1=
25
−11
25

 Mencari a 2 dan b 2
1 1 3+ 4 i 3+4 i 3+4 i 3+ 4 i
= × = = =
3−4 i 3−4 i 3+ 4 i 9−(16 i ) 9−16 (−1)
2
25
3+4 i 3 4 3 4
z 2= = + i → a2= ,b 2=
25 25 25 25 25

 Mencari a 3 dan b 3
1−3 i 1−3i 3−4 i 3−4 i−9i+12 i2 3−13 i+12(−1) −9−13 i
= × = = =
3+ 4 i 3+4 i 3−4 i 9− ( 16 i ) 9−16 (−1 ) 25
2

z 3=
−9−13i −9 −13
25
=
25
+
25 ( )
i →a 3=
−9
25
,b 3=
−13
25

 PEMBUKTIAN :
 Ruas kiri

25 )[ ( 25 ) ( 25 ) ]
( 2−11 i 3+4 i −9−13 i
z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )= +

25 )( 25 )
( 2−11 i −6−9 i
z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )=

z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )=( a1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 )

([ 252 )( −625 )−( −11

z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )=
25 )( −9
25 ) , ( )(
2 −9
25 25 )+(
25 )( 25 ) ]
−6 −11

z ( z + z )=(
625 625 625 625 )
−12 99 −18 66
1 2 3 − , +

z ( z + z )=(
625 )
−111 48
1 2 3 ,−
625
  Ruas kanan

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=¿
[ ( ) ( )] [ ( ) ( )]
2−11 i
25
3+ 4 i
25
+
2−11 i
25
−9−13 i
25

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=
[ ( ) ( )] [ ( )( )]
2 −11
,
25 25
3 4
,
25 25
+
2 −11 −9 −13
,
25 25
,
25 25

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=( a1 a2−b 1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 ) + ( a 1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 )

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=
{[( 2
25 )( 253 )−( −11 )( 4
) , ( )( ) + ( )(
25 25 25 25
2 4 3 −11
25 25 ) ] [
+ ( )(
2 −9
25 25 )−( )(
−11 −13
25 25 ) ,( )
2
25

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=
[( 6
+
44 8 −33
, +
625 625 625 625
+ − ,)(
−18 143 −26 99
+
625 625 625 625 )]
z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=
[(
)( 50 25
,
625 625
+
−161
625
,−
73
625 )]
z z + z z =(
625 625 )
−111 48
1 2 1 3 ,

 KESIMPULAN
z 1 ( z 2 + z 3 )=z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3

( −111
625 625 ) ( 625 625 )
,
48
=
−111 48
,

Karena ruas kiri = ruas kanan maka terbukti distributif

3+4 i [ 3−4 i ) 3+4 i )]

( 1−3 ) ( +(
i 1 2−i
c.

 Mencari a 1 dan b1
1−3 i 1−3i 3−4 i 3−4 i−9i+12 i2 3−13 i+12(−1) −9−13 i
= × = = =
3+ 4 i 3+4 i 3−4 i 9− ( 16 i2 ) 9−16 (−1 ) 25

z 1=
−9−13i −9 −13
25
=
25
+
25
i→ a 1=
−9
25 ( )
, b1 =
−13
25

 Mencari a 2 dan b 2
 1 1 3+ 4 i 3+4 i 3+4 i 3+ 4 i
= × = = =
3−4 i 3−4 i 3+ 4 i 9−(16 i ) 9−16 (−1)
2
25
3+4 i 3 4 3 4
z 2= = + i → a2= ,b 2=
25 25 25 25 25

 Mencari a 3 dan b 3
2−i 3−4 i 6−8 i−3 i+4 i 6−11 i+4 (−1 ) 2−11 i
2
2−i
= × = = =
3+4 i 3+4 i 3−4 i 9−( 16 i 2 ) 9−16 (−1 ) 25

z 3=
2−11 i 2 −11
25
= +
25 25 ( )
2
i→ a3 = , b3=
25
−11
25

 PEMBUKTIAN :
 Ruas kiri

z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )= ( −9−13
25 )[ 25 ) 25 )]
(
i 3+ 4 i
+(
2−11 i

z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )= ( −9−13
25 )( 25 )
i 5−7 i

z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )=( a1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 )

z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )=
[( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )]
−9
25
5
25
−
−13 −7 −9 −7
25 25
,
25 25
+
5 −13
25 25

( −45
625 625 625 625 )
z 1 ( z 2+ z 3 )= −
91 63 −65
, +

z ( z + z )=(
625 )
−136 2
1 2 3 ,−
625

 Ruas kanan

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3= ([ −9−13
25 ) ( 25 ] [
i 3+4 i
) + (
25 ) ( 25 ) ]
−9−13i 2−11 i

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3= ([ −925 , −13
25 ) 25 25 )] [ 25 25 ) ( 25 25 ) ]
( 3 4
, + ( −9 −13 2 −11
, ,

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=¿ ( a 1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 ) + ( a 1 a 2−b1 b2 , a1 b2 +a2 b1 )

 z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3= ({[ −9 )(
25 25
3
) −( )(
−13 4
25 25 ) ,( )(
−9 4
25 25 ) 25 25 ] [ 25 25
+ ( )(
3 −13
) +( )(
−9 2
)−(
25 )( 25 ) ( 25
−13 −11 −9
,

z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=
[( −27 52 −36 −39
+ , +
625 625 625 625
+)(
−18 143 99 −26
− , +
625 625 625 625 )]
z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3=
[( )( 25
,−
625 625
75
+
−161 73
,
625 625 )]
z z + z z =(
625 )
−136 2
1 2 1 3 ,−
625

 KESIMPULAN
z 1 ( z 2 + z 3 )=z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3

( −136
625
,−
2
625 )=(
−136
625
,−
625 )
2

Karena ruas kiri = ruas kanan maka terbukti distributif