356 R. Kothamasu, S.H. Huang, dan W.H.

VerDuin

Dengan mengintegrasikan elemen-elemen ini ke dalam lingkungan produksi, antar

muka MIMOSA antara elemen-elemen ini mendukung empat mode transfer data:
File, Massal, Structured Query Language (SQL), dan Object.

Figure 14.5. MIMOSA dan antarmuka-nya (Mitchell, 1998)

14.6 Ringkasan dan Instruksi Penelitian

Mempertahankan suatu sistem sering dimulai dengan tujuan meminimalkan

kegagalan bencana yang membahayakan sistem. Sementara pemeliharaan berbasis
waktu atau pemeliharaan gangguan lebih mudah diimplementasikan, pemeliharaan
berbasis kondisi semakin populer karena pendekatan proaktifnya. Pemeliharaan
berbasis kondisi adalah proses analisis terperinci yang membutuhkan, dalam
beberapa kasus, instrumentasi rumit dan, dalam kebanyakan kasus, teknik
pemodelan yang rumit. Oleh karena itu, mutlak diperlukan untuk melakukan
analisis persyaratan sebelum mengimplementasikan upaya tersebut.

Meskipun tantangan dalam pengendalian proses dan diagnosis kesalahan berbeda,

pendekatan kecerdasan buatan telah terbukti efektif untuk kedua aplikasi.
Pemodelan mekanisme kegagalan atau kontrol proses dimulai dengan
pengumpulan data. Pembersihan data sangat penting, terutama dalam hal kontrol
adaptif. Model mesin umumnya dirancang untuk kedua aplikasi dan divalidasi dan
ditingkatkan untuk menjaga akurasi dan mengurangi timbulnya alarm palsu dan
klik yang terlewat.

Masalah dalam pengembangan dan pemeliharaan sistem prediksi termasuk

pemilihan akuisisi pengetahuan dan teknologi pemodelan, dengan pertimbangan
yang mencakup jenis pengetahuan dan pendekatan yang tersedia untuk mencapai
dan mempertahankan keakuratan model dan basis pengetahuan. Salah satu upaya
yang paling tidak fokus dalam pemeliharaan adalah membuat aplikasi yang mudah
digunakan. Aplikasi ini cenderung sangat kompleks (baik dalam volume maupun
substansi)
 System Health Monitoring and Prognostics 357

mudah membebani pengguna. Dengan skenario ini, tidak mengherankan bahwa

pengguna mengembangkan ketidakpercayaan yang berakar dalam sistem
pemantauan setiap kali itu menghasilkan alarm palsu atau tembakan yang terlewat.
Oleh karena itu, peluang penelitian mencakup pengembangan teknologi pemodelan
yang akurat, mudah beradaptasi, dapat dipahami, dan dapat dikonfigurasi
pengguna. Ada juga peluang untuk mengintegrasikan informasi kualitatif yang
dapat diekstraksi dari Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) atau Fault Tree
Analysis (FTA) dari suatu proses atau mesin ke dalam analisis kuantitatif yang
menghasilkan rekomendasi diagnostik.

Terima kasih
Materi ini didasarkan pada pekerjaan yang didukung oleh Institut Nasional Standar
dan Teknologi di bawah VerTech LLC Kontrak No.SB1341-02-C-0049 untuk
pengembangan Sistem Pemeliharaan Berbasis Kondisi Cerdas. Setiap pendapat,
temuan, kesimpulan, atau rekomendasi yang dinyatakan dalam materi ini adalah
tanggung jawab penulis dan tidak mencerminkan pandangan dari Institut Nasional
Standar dan Teknologi.

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15

Model Pemeliharaan Terapan

K. Ito dan T. Nakagawa

15.1 Pendahuluan

Di negara-negara maju, kehidupan nyaman warga bergantung pada berbagai infrastruktur sosial, seperti listrik, gas,
air, air limbah, lalu lintas, jaringan informasi, dan sebagainya. Untuk operasi yang konstan dari infrastruktur ini
tanpa masalah serius seperti penghentian darurat, pemeliharaan yang konstan sangat diperlukan dan anggaran
pemeliharaan menjadi sangat mahal di negara-negara paling maju karena biaya personil yang tinggi. Pada abad ke-
21, konflik-konflik antara kebutuhan infrastruktur dengan jangkauan terluas dan tuntutan anggaran pemeliharaan
terendah menjadi masalah sosial dan industri yang serius di negara-negara ini. Pemeliharaan ekonomi telah menjadi
teknologi penting untuk menyelesaikan konflik yang melekat.

Pemeliharaan diklasifikasikan ke dalam pemeliharaan preventif (PM) dan pemeliharaan korektif (CM); PM adalah
kebijakan pemeliharaan di mana kami melakukan pemeliharaan pada jadwal khusus sebelum kegagalan dan CM
adalah kebijakan pemeliharaan yang dipertahankan setelah kegagalan (Nakagawa, 2005, 2007; Barlow dan
Proschan, 1965). Banyak peneliti telah mempelajari kebijakan PM optimal karena biaya kegagalan CM jauh lebih
tinggi daripada PM dan PM ekonomis yang dipikirkan secara matang dapat secara dramatis mengurangi biaya
pemeliharaan sistem. Investigasi terperinci atas karakteristik sistem target diperlukan untuk pertimbangan kebijakan
PM murah dan sistem individual yang memiliki karakteristik khusus memiliki kebijakan PM ideal sendiri.

Dalam bab ini, kami mempertimbangkan model perawatan optimal untuk empat sistem yang berbeda: rudal, radar
fase, kontrol elektronik digital otoritas penuh (FADEC), dan sistem kogenerasi berdasarkan penelitian asli kami.
Rudal adalah salah satu sistem militer paling representatif (Kementerian Pertahanan Jepang, 2007). Selama era
Perang Dingin, anggaran pertahanan nasional diprioritaskan di sebagian besar negara. Sekarang, di era pasca-Perang
Dingin, tidak ada prioritas luar biasa dalam anggaran nasional di antara negara-negara demokrasi maju dan biaya
pemeliharaan