L K P D

Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik

eksponen, bentuk akar dan logaritma

Satuan Pendidikan : SMK Negeri 5 Tanjungpinang

Mata Pelajaran : Matematika
Guru Bidang Studi : Sri Wahyuni, S.Pd
Rizka Amelia
Alokasi Waktu : 60 Menit
Hari / Tanggal :
Nama :
Kelas :

I. Tujuan Pembelajaran
: menyelesaikan permasalahan / soal tentang sifat-sifat
Peserta didik dapat
bilangan berpangkat, bentuk akar dan logaritma

II. Teori Singkat

A. Eksponen
Untuk a bilngan real dan n bilangan bulat positif, maka
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × … × 𝑎
Dengan 𝑎𝑛 dibaca “a eksponen n” didefinisikan sebagai bilangan eksponen,
dengan a disebut bilangan pokok (basis) dan n disebut eksponen (pangkat).

1. Sifat-Sifat Eksponen
Untuk a, b bilangan real dan m, n bilangan bulat berlaku sifat-sifat
berikut:
1. 𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 5. (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚×𝑛
𝑎𝑚 6. 𝑎0 = 1, 𝑎 ≠ 0
2. = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 , 𝑎 ≠ 0
𝑎𝑛
1
3. (𝑎 × 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 × 𝑏 𝑛 7. 𝑎−𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑎 ≠ 0

𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 1
4. (𝑏) = 𝑏𝑛 , 𝑏 ≠ 0 8. = 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑎 ≠ 0
𝑎−𝑛

Matematika
L K P D

B. Bentuk Akar
𝑛
Secara umum pernyataan bentuk akar adalah √𝑥, dengan n bilangan bulat
lebih besar dari 1, disebut sebagai indeks, dan notasi “√ ” disebut tanda
akar.

1. Sifat-Sifat Bentuk Akar

Untuk a, b, p, dan q  R berlaku sufat-sifat berikut:

1. √𝑎2 = 𝑎
2. √𝑎 × 𝑏 = √𝑎 × √𝑏 , 𝑎 ≥ 0 dan 𝑏 ≥ 0
𝑎 √𝑎
3. √𝑏 = ; 𝑎 ≥ 0 dan 𝑏 > 0
√𝑏

4. 𝑝√𝑎 + 𝑞 √𝑎 = (𝑝 + 𝑞)√𝑎 , 𝑎 ≥ 0
5. 𝑝√𝑎 − 𝑞 √𝑎 = (𝑝 − 𝑞)√𝑎 , 𝑎 ≥ 0
6. 𝑝√𝑎 × 𝑞√𝑏 = 𝑝𝑞√𝑎 × 𝑏 , 𝑎 ≥ 0, 𝑏 ≥ 0

C. Logaritma
Logaritma adalah invers (kebalikan) dari eksponen (perpangkatan).
Bentuk umum: 𝑎log 𝑏 = 𝑥 → 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑏
Keterangan: a pada logaritma dan perpangkatan dinamakan basis (bil. pokok)
b pada logaritma dinamakan numerus (bil. yang dilogaritmakan)

Sifat-Sifat Logaritma
1. 𝑎
log 1 = 0 → 𝑎0 = 1 6. 𝑎𝑛 𝑚
log 𝑏 𝑚 = ( 𝑛 ) . 𝑎log 𝑏

2. 𝑎
log 𝑎 = 1 → 𝑎1 = 𝑎 log 𝑏 1
𝑝
log 𝑏
𝑎
7. log 𝑏 = log 𝑎 = 𝑏log 𝑎 = 𝑝 ,𝑝∈𝑅
log 𝑎
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
3. log(𝑏. 𝑐) = log 𝑏 + log 𝑐
𝑎
8. log 𝑏 . 𝑏log 𝑐 = 𝑎log 𝑐
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
4. log ( 𝑐 ) = log 𝑏 − log 𝑐
𝑎
log 𝑏
9. 𝑎 =𝑏
𝑎 𝑛 𝑎
5. log 𝑏 = 𝑛 . log 𝑏

Matematika
L K P D

III. Pertanyaan
1. Tuliskan perkalian berulang berikut dalam bilangan eksponen.
a. 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 b. 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎
2. Hitunglah bilangan eksponen berikut.
a. (−1)6 b. 32 + 42
3. Hitunglah bilangan eksponen 𝑥 −1 − 𝑦 −2, jika 𝑥 = −4 dan 𝑦 = 2.
−3
(𝑎−3 𝑏 5 𝑐 −8 )
4. Bentuk sederhana dari (𝑎4 𝑏 3 𝑐 10 )−2
adalah...

5. Sederhanakan bentuk akar dari 3√2 + 5√8 − √32 .

6. Bentuk sederhana dari (2√75 + 3√3) − 8√12 adalah...
10
7. Bentuk rasional penyebut dari 4+√6 adalah...

8. Tulislah bilangan eksponen berikut ke bentuk logaritma.

2
a. 62 = 36 b. 𝑥 5 = 12
9. Nilai dari 3log 48 + 5log 125 − 3log 16 + 7log 49 adalah...
10. Diketahui 3log 2 = 𝑥 dan 3log 5 = 𝑦. Nilai 3log 60 jika dinyatakan dalam x
dan y adalah...

IV. JAWABAN
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V. KESIMPULAN

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Matematika