KIMIA ORGANIK

SENYAWA ORGANIK

• Senyawa yang terdiri dari unsur utama C,H,O dan N

• Senyawa karbon, valensi 4, ikatan tunggal, ikatan rangkap
• Ikatan antar unsur merupakan ikatan kovalen
• Senyawa kompleks dan senyawa sederhana
• Memiliki gugus fungsi
 Senyawa organik
Apakah bahan berikut disusun oleh
senyawa organik atau tidak?

• Garam (Na-Cl)
• Kayu
• hemoglobin
• Air aki (H2SO4)
• Protein
Senyawa organik, elektronegatifitas dan
polaritas dan titik didih
• Kenapa air bisa melarutkan garam?
• Kenapa air bisa melarutkan gula?
• Kenapa air tidak bisa bercampur dengan minyak?
• Kenapa air tidak bisa bercampur dengan bensin?
• Kenapa Cuka bisa larut dalam air?
• Mana yang lebih tinggi titik didih etanol dari pada metanol?
• Kenapa titik didih minyak lebih tinggi dari air?
• Kenapa minyak goreng bisa dirubah menjadi biofuel?
 polaritas
• Polaritas
• Organik dan anorganik
• Anorganik adalah senyawa
polar
• Organik: polar/semipolar dan
non polar
Elektronegativitas
• Kemampuan
menarik elektron
• Ikatan
kovalen/pemakaian
elektron bersama
• Ionik=tranfer
elektron
IKATAN KIMIA

• Hubungan ikatan kimia dengan

karaktersitik senyawa organik
• Ikatan intramolekul
• Ikatan intermolekul
Ikatan intra molekul

• Ikatan ionik
• Ikatan kovalen
– Ikatan kovalen polar
– Ikatan kovalen non polar
Ikatan inter molekul

• Ikatan hidrogen
• Ikatan dipol
• Ikatan vander walls

• Ik vander wall<ikatan dipol<ikatan

hidrogen
17
Trend of boiling point
• There are 3 important trends to consider.
• The relative strength of the four intermolecular forces is:
Ionic > Hydrogen bonding > dipole dipole > Van der Waals
dispersion forces. The influence of each of these
attractive forces will depend on the functional groups
present.
• Boiling points increase as the number of carbons is
increased.
• Branching decreases boiling point.
 Boiling Points and
Intermolecular Forces
CH3 CH2 OH CH3 O CH3
ethanol, b.p. = 78°C dimethyl ether, b.p. = -25°C

H3C N CH3 CH3CH2 N CH3 CH3CH2CH2 N H

CH3 H H
trimethylamine, b.p. 3.5°C ethylmethylamine, b.p. 37°C propylamine, b.p. 49°C

CH3 CH2 OH CH3 CH2 NH2

ethanol, b.p. = 78°C ethyl amine, b.p. 17°C =>
Chapter 2 21
Solubility

• Like dissolves like

• Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents.
• Nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
• Molecules with similar intermolecular forces will
mix freely.
=>

Chapter 2 22
• have similar chemical properties
• have physical properties that vary in a regular manner as the
number of carbon atoms increases
Carbon Atoms and Bonding
• Carbon atoms can form single, double or triple
bonds with other carbon atoms.
• Carbon can form up to 4 bonds
• This allows carbon atoms to form long chains,
almost unlimited in length.
• Carbon can bond with other carbons, form
straight chains, branched chains and rings
(a) Length (c) Double bond position

Ethane Propane 1-Butene 2-Butene

(b) Branching (d) Presence of rings

Butane 2-Methylpropane Cyclohexane Benzene

(isobutane)
(a) Length

Ethane Propane
(b) Branching

Butane 2-Methylpropane
(commonly called isobutane)
(c) Double bond position

1-Butene 2-Butene
(d) Presence of rings

Cyclohexane Benzene
Hydrocarbon containing

two double bonds

three double bonds
four double bonds
many double bonds
Types of Bonds
• A sigma (s) bond results when the bonding orbitals
point along the axis connecting the two bonding nuclei
– either standard atomic orbitals or hybrids
• s-to-s, p-to-p, hybrid-to-hybrid, s-to-hybrid, etc.
• A pi (p) bond results when the bonding orbitals are
parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis
connecting the two bonding nuclei
– between unhybridized parallel p orbitals
• the interaction between parallel orbitals is not as strong
as between orbitals that point at each other; therefore s
bonds are stronger than p bonds
Bentuk bentuk penting senyawa organik

• Ikatan tunggal
• Ikatan rangkap
Conjugated systems
Conjugated systems
and resonance
• Benzene

• Commonly found in nature as pigments, hormones

• Isoprene
Bentuk bentuk penting senyawa organik

• Ikatan rangkap kumulasi

• Ikatan rangkap isolasi
• Ikan rangkap konyugasi
 Bentuk bentuk penting senyawa organik
• Senyawa jenuh
• Senyawa tidak jenuh
Bentuk bentuk penting senyawa organik

• Compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen.

• Saturated: C—C bonds are all single bonds.

H H
H C C H
H H

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 39

 Bentuk bentuk penting senyawa organik

• Unsaturated: contains carbon–carbon multiple bonds.

H H H H
H C C C H C C C H
H H H
Benzene and Phenyl Groups

C6 H5 - Ph-

Benzene Alternative representations

for the phenyl group
Isomers
• cis-trans isomers – diastereomers associated with
compounds that have carbon-carbon double bonds
– since there is no rotation around the double bond the other atoms
attached to the carbons are stuck in place in relationship to each
other
– larger items together = cis; larger items opposite = trans
– examples: trans-2-butene and cis-2-butene
Bentuk struktur cis/trans
DISKUSI
• Mahfuzatul Khairani
• Ilman sahputra
• Dina afifah zakia
• Sofia Ananda
• Nurhijriati Putri Alifah
• Mutiara Ababil Kirmiananda
• Ranchia Amora Hasibuan
• Widia Sepnita
Tugas
• Silahkan dicari
– Senyawa organik polar/semi polar/non polar(2)
– Jelaskan teori kepolaran dari setiap senyawa yang dibahas.
– Air (tidak termasuk)
– Dikumpul besok. Link akan dikirim lewat WA besok pagi.
– MS word
– Nama_nim
 Diskusi 3
Widya Sepnita
Oifiya Rahmadani
Sofia Ananda
Mutiara Ababil Kirmiananda
Ratih anggraini
Haniyatul Halwa
Diskusi 4
• Widia Sepnita
• Rahmi Haura
• Ranchia Amora Hasibuan
• Annisaa' Briliyanda Alfayet
• Haniyatul Halwa-sama
• M Ihsan
• Sofia Ananda
• Ratih Anggraini
• Rahmi padilah
Pertemuan 5
• Kharisma Amelia
• Sofia Ananda
• Elviza Zora
• Widia Sepnita
• Mutiara Ababil
• Ratih Anggraini
• Haniyatul Halwa
Pertemuan 6

• Haniyatul Halwa
• Mutiara Ababil Kirmiananda
• Nurul Izza
• Ratih Angraini
• Sofia ananda
• Shalsabilla Gunawan