LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM

PERLINDUNGAN HUTAN

NAMA : HASNA AZMIATUR RAHMA

NIM : H1021035

KELAS : A

PROGRAM STUDI PENGELOLAAN HUTAN

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET 2022

 ACARA 2

PENGENALAN GANGGUAN PENYAKIT BIOTIK DAN PENYEBABNYA

PADA TANAMAN HUTAN

I. Tujuan
1. Mengenali gangguan penyakit biotik dan penyebabnya pada
tanaman hutan
2. Mengenali gangguan penyakit biotik dan penyebabnya pada kayu
hasil hutan
II. Tinjauan Pustaka
Penyakit tanaman merupakan suatu penyimpangan dalam satu atau
lebih rangkaian proses fisiologis yang mengakibatkan tanaman (inang)
kehilangan koordinasinya .Dalam ilmu penyakit hutan dipelajari tentang
hal-hal penyebab pohon menjadi sakit berupa biotik maupun lingkungan,
mekanisme faktor-faktor tersebut hingga menyebabkan penyakit, interaksi
antara inang dan patogen ataupun faktor lainnya, serta teknik pencegahan,
pengendalian dan pengurangan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh penyakit.
Penyakit dibagi menjadi 2 berdasarkan penyebabnya, yaitu penyakit biotik
(komponen inang, patogen dan lingkungan) dan penyakit abiotik
(komponen inang dan lingkungan) (Sumardi dan Widyastuti, 2004).
Penyakit biotik adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh patogen
(jamur, virus, bakteri) dan dapat menular (Semangun, 2006). Terdapat uji
yang digunakan untuk mengetahui bahwa suatu organisme termasuk
kedalam patogen, biasa disebut uji postulat Koch yaitu apabila patogen
ditemukan pada pohon yang terserang suatu penyakit, dan patogen tersebut
diisolasi dan diidentifikasi yang selanjutnya akan diinokulasikan pada
spesies inang yang sama dan apabila menunjukkan gejala yang sama maka
diisolasi kembali dan identifikasi di laboratorium (Sumardi dan
Widyastuti, 2004).
Jamur (fungi) adalah organisme tingkat rendah yang belum
memiliki akar, batang dan daun atau disebut thalus (Burnett, 1970 dalam
Sumardi dan Widyastuti, 2004). Organisme heterotrof ini memiliki sel-sel
berinti sejati (eukaryotik) berbentuk benang dan bercabang-cabang
 (Semangun, 2006). Jamur memiliki ciri khas yaitu tidak memiliki jaringan
pembuluh, alat perkembangbiakannya spora dan tidak memiliki klorofil.
Terdapat 4 kelas jamur yang banyak menjadi penyebab penyakit tanaman
yaitu Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes dan Phycomycetes
(Sumardi dan Widyastuti, 2004).
Virus adalah organisme obligat dengan ukuran sangat kecil dan
memiliki asam nukleat dan diselubungi molekul-molekul protein (Sumardi
dan Widyastuti, 2004). Semua dari virus adalah patogen luka yang banyak
disebarkan oleh vektor, termasuk serangga, tungau, nematoda dan jamur
(Semangun, 2006).
Bakteri adalah mikroorganisme tak berklorofil berdinding sel yang
hanya memiliki satu sel namun bersifat prokariotik (tak memiliki
membran inti (Sumardi dan Widyastuti, 2004). Bakteri berkembang biak
dengan cara membelah sel dan hidup berkelompok yang biasa disebut
koloni. Koloni bakteri memiliki bentuk dan berbeda-beda (Semangun,
2006).
III. Metode
a. Alat dan Bahan
1) Penyakit biotik pada tanaman hutan dan hasil kayu hutan
berupa :
i. Karat puru pada sengon disebabkan jamur
Uromycladium tepperianum
ii. Mati pucuk
iii. Damping off
iv. Busuk jaringan
v. Jamur pewarna pada kayu hasil hutan (Ceratocytis sp.,
Aspergillus sp.)
b. Cara Kerja
1) Mencari gambar hasil dari pengamatan secara langsung
maupun studi literatur dari daftar penyakit yang telah
ditentukan
2) Mencari jurnal yang membahas mengenai penyakit biotik
tersebut
3) Menuliskan nama penyakit dan penyebab penyakit
4) Membedakan gejala dan tanda pada masing-masing
penyakit
5) Mendeskripsikan gelaja, tanda, dan penyebab penyakit
IV. Hasil Pengamatan
a. Nama penyakit :
b. Nama inang :
c. Tipe gejala :
d. Gambar penyakit :
Keterangan gambar:
1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................
4...............................................
5...............................................
6...............................................
7...............................................
8...............................................
9...............................................
10..............................................
e. Deskripsi penyakit
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f. Gambar penyebab
Keterangan gambar:
1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................
4...............................................
5...............................................
6...............................................
7...............................................
8...............................................
9...............................................
10..............................................

g. Deskripsi penyebab
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a. Nama penyakit :
b. Nama inang :
c. Tipe gejala :
d. Gambar penyakit :
Keterangan gambar:
1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................
4...............................................
5...............................................
6...............................................
7...............................................
8...............................................
9...............................................
10..............................................
e. Deskripsi penyakit
........................................................................................................................
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f. Gambar penyebab
Keterangan gambar:
1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................
4...............................................
5...............................................
6...............................................
7...............................................
8...............................................
9...............................................
10..............................................

g. Deskripsi penyebab
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
a. Nama penyakit :
b. Nama inang :
c. Tipe gejala :
d. Gambar penyakit :
Keterangan gambar:
1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................
4...............................................
5...............................................
6...............................................
7...............................................
8...............................................
9...............................................
10..............................................
e. Deskripsi penyakit
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
f. Gambar penyebab
Keterangan gambar:
1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................
4...............................................
5...............................................
6...............................................
7...............................................
8...............................................
9...............................................
10..............................................

g. Deskripsi penyebab
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
a. Nama penyakit :
b. Nama inang :
c. Tipe gejala :
d. Gambar penyakit :
Keterangan gambar:
1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................
4...............................................
5...............................................
6...............................................
7...............................................
8...............................................
9...............................................
10..............................................
e. Deskripsi penyakit
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
f. Gambar penyebab
Keterangan gambar:
1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................
4...............................................
5...............................................
6...............................................
7...............................................
8...............................................
9...............................................
10..............................................

g. Deskripsi penyebab
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
a. Nama penyakit :
b. Nama inang :
c. Tipe gejala :
d. Gambar penyakit :
Keterangan gambar:
1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................
4...............................................
5...............................................
6...............................................
7...............................................
8...............................................
9...............................................
10..............................................
e. Deskripsi penyakit
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
f. Gambar penyebab
Keterangan gambar:
1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................
4...............................................
5...............................................
6...............................................
7...............................................
8...............................................
9...............................................
10..............................................

g. Deskripsi penyebab
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