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LEMBAR KERJA 2
SUHU DAN KALOR

Soal 1
Hukum Termodinamika ke-0 menyatakan bahwa: ‘’................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................’’

Soal 2
Untuk mengukur suhu secara kuantitatif, ada 3 skala yang digunakan, yaitu:
1. Skala ................................... (dalam sistem ..........................................................)
2. Skala ................................... (dalam sistem ..........................................................)
3. Skala ................................... (dalam sistem ..........................................................)

a) Hubungan antara skala ........................... dan ............................... dinyatakan dengan:

…
𝑻…. = 𝑻.…
𝟗
atau
𝟗
𝑻…. =𝑻
… .…
b) Hubungan antara skala ........................... dan ............................... dinyatakan dengan:
…
𝑻…. = 𝑻.…
𝟓
atau
…
𝑻…. = 𝑻….
𝟓
c) Hubungan antara skala ........................... dan ............................... dinyatakan dengan:
…
𝑻…. = 𝑻….
𝟒
atau
𝟒
𝑻…. = 𝑻
… .…

Soal 3
Pemuaian termal adalah ...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

Muai Panjang (soal 4 s/d 6)

Soal 4
Penjelaan konsep/tinjauan, rumus, dan gambar ilustrasi pemuaian panjang batang
homogen:
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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Soal 5
Tabel 2.1. Koefisien muai panjang beberapa jenis bahan ()
Bahan  [(0C)-1 atau K-1]
Aluminium ......................................
Kuningan ......................................
Tembaga ......................................
Kaca ......................................
Invar (paduan besi-nikel) ......................................
Kuarsa ......................................
Baja ......................................

Soal 6
Sepotong baja awalnya memiliki panjang (L0) 2 m pada suhu 20 0C. Berapa panjang baja
tersebut (L) setelah dipanaskan menjadi 40 0C?
Penyelesaian:
Dik: L0 = ..... m
Tawal = ........ 0C
Takhir = ........ 0C
baja = ........... (0C)-1 (Lihat tabel 2.1)
Dit: L?
Jawab:
∆𝑇 = Takhir –Tawal = ............ – ........... = ........... (Jangan lupa satuan)
L = L0 [1+ (..............)( ..............)]
= ....................................... = ..................................... = .............. (Jangan lupa satuan)

Muai Luas (soal 7 dan 8)

Soal 7
Penjelaan konsep/tinjauan, rumus, dan gambar ilustrasi pemuaian luas benda:
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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Soal 8
Sepotong plat baja tipis awalnya memiliki panjang 4 m dan lebar 20 cm pada suhu 20 0C.
Berapa luas plat baja tersebut (A) setelah dipanaskan menjadi 40 0C?
Penyelesaian:
Dik:
Panjang awal = ..... m
Lebar awal = ..... cm = ..... m
Tawal = ........ 0C
Takhir = ........ 0C
baja = .................... (0C)-1 (Lihat tabel 2.1)
Dit: A?
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Jawab:
A0 = .......... x ............ = ..................... (Jangan lupa satuan)
∆𝑇 = Takhir –Tawal = ............ – ........... = ........... (Jangan lupa satuan)
A = A0 [1+ (2(....)(..............)]
= ............................................. = ....................................... = ...................... (Jangan lupa satuan)

Muai Volume (soal 9 s.d. 11)

Soal 9
Penjelaan konsep/tinjauan, rumus, dan gambar ilustrasi pemuaian volume benda:
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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Soal 10
Tabel 2.2. Koefisien volume beberapa zat cair ()
Zat cair  [(0C)-1 atau K-1]
Air raksa ......................................
Air ......................................
Gliserin ......................................
Minyak olive ......................................
Metil alkohol ......................................
Aseton ......................................

Soal 11
Air sebanyak 2 Liter di tangki reservoir radiator mobil mengalami peningkatan suhu dari 30
0C menjadi 80 0C (suhu kerja mesin). Berapa besar pertambahan volume air (∆𝑽) di tangki

rerservoir tersebut?
Penyelesaian:
Dik:
Tawal = ........ 0C
Takhir = ........ 0C
air = ..................... (0C)-1 (Lihat tabel 2.2)
Dit: A?
Jawab:
V0 = .......... (Jangan lupa satuan)
∆𝑇 = Takhir –Tawal = ............ – ........... = ........... (Jangan lupa satuan)
∆𝑉 = (...)(....)(∆𝑇)
= (.........)(..........................)(.........)
= ...................... (Jangan lupa satuan)
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Kapasitas Kalor dan Kalor Jenis (soal 12 s.d. 14)

Soal 12
Penjelaan konsep/tinjauan dan rumus kapasitas kalor:
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Rumus kapasitas kalor (Q):
........ = (.....)(c)(.....)
dimana:
Q = ................................................................................ (satuan ...................)
.... = ............................................................................... (satuan ...................)
c = ... ............................................................................. (satuan ...................)
.... = ............................................................................... (satuan ...................)
Notasi c pada rumus di atas menjelaskan ...............................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

Soal 13
Tabel 2.3. Kalor jenis beberapa bahan (c) pada tekanan atmosfer 1 atm dan suhu 20 0C
Bahan c [J/kg.K atau J/kg.0C]
Timbal ......................................
Air raksa ......................................
Perak ......................................
Tembaga ......................................
Besi/Baja ......................................
Kaca ......................................
Garam (NaCl) ......................................
Aluminium ......................................
Kayu ......................................
Air (uap) ......................................
Es ......................................
Etilen Glikol ......................................
Etanol ......................................
Air (cair) ......................................

Soal 14
Air dengan massa 3 kg pada suhu 10 0C dipanaskan sampai suhu 40 0C. Tentukan banyaknya
kalor (Q) yang diserap oleh air tersebut!
Penyelesaian:
Dik:
mair = ..........
Tawal = .........
Takhir = ..........
cair = ..................... J/kg.0C (Lihat tabel 2.3)
Dit: Q?
Jawab:
𝑄 = (.....)(c)(.....) = ................................................................. = ................... (Jangan lupa satuan)
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Hukum Kekekalan Energi Kalor – Azas Black (soal 15 dan 16)

Soal 15
Azas Black menyatakan bahwa:
‘’................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................’’

Soal 16
Kopi sebanyak 200 cm3 pada suhu 95 0C dituangkan ke dalam gelas yang massanya 150
gram pada suhu 25 0C (Tatm). Tentukan suhu akir campuran ini (Takhir) setelah dicapai
kesetimbangan termal (asumsi tidak ada kalor yang keluar dari sistem)!
Penyelesaian:
Dik:
cair = ........ J/kg.0C (lihat tabel 2.3)
cgelas = ........ J/kg.0C (lihat tabel 2.3)
Vair = ........ cm3 = ................... m3
Tair(awal) = ........ 0C
Dit: Takhir (setelah air berada di dalam gelas)?
Jawab:
mair = (.....air) (Vair) = .................................... = .................... (Jangan lupa satuan)

mair.cair.(∆𝑇 ) = mcangkir.ccangkir.(∆𝑇 )
mair.cair.(𝑇 ( )−𝑇 ) = mcangkir.ccangkir.(𝑇 −𝑇 )
(.....).(.....).(..... – 𝑇 ) = (.....).(.....).(𝑇 – .....)
................. = (.......).Takhir
maka didapat Takhir = ............... (Jangan lupa satuan)

Hukum Gas Ideal (soal 17 dan 18)

Soal 17
Penjelaan konsep/tinjauan dan rumus Gas Ideal:
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Persamaan Gas Ideal:
(......)(......) = n(.....)(.....)
dimana:
.... = ............................................................................... (satuan ...................)
.... = ............................................................................... (satuan ...................)
n = ... ............................................................................. (satuan ...................)
R = konstanta gas universal = ....................................... (satuan ...................)
.... = ............................................................................... (satuan ...................)
.... = ............................................................................... (satuan ...................)
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Soal 18
Tentukan jumlah molekul gas ideal (n) yang mengisi sebuah bejana jika volume gas ideal
tersebut 100 cm3 dan tekanannya 100 Pa pada suhu 20 0C!
Penyelesaian:
Dik:
Vgas = ............. = ................ m3
Tgas = ........ = ............... K
P = ........ Pa
Dit: n?
Jawab:
dari persamaan Gas Ideal:
(......)(......) = n(.....)(.....)
maka: n = ............................... = ............................................ = ................. (Jangan lupa satuan)

Hukum Boyle
Soal 19
Hukum Boyle menyatakan bahwa:
‘’................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................’’
pada suhu konstan persamaannya adalah: ..................... = ....................
Grafik P-V sesuai Hukum Boyle adalah:

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Hukum Gay Lussac

Soal 20
Hukum Gay Lussac menyatakan bahwa:
‘’................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................’’

pada volume konstan persamaannya adalah: ..................... = ....................

Grafik P-T sesuai Hukum Gay Lussac adalah:

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