Kurikulum 2013 Revisi

Kelas X
BAHASA INGGRIS WAJIB
Narrative Text (Legends)
Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini, kamu diharapkan memiliki kemampuan berikut.
Memahami fungsi sosial dari teks narrative (legends).
Memahami struktur umum dari teks narrative (legends).
Memahami unsur-unsur kebahasaan dari teks narrative (legends).
Memahami isi teks narrative (legends).
Menyusun teks narrative (legends).

A. Overview

Legends merupakan salah satu jenis teks naratif. Ingat bahwa teks naratif merupakan jenis
teks yang menceritakan cerita fiksi atau khayalan untuk menghibur pembacanya. Lalu,
bagaimana dengan legends? Apakah memiliki fungsi yang sama?

1. Definition
Legend atau legenda adalah sebuah cerita rakyat yang diwariskan secara turun- temurun
dan terkadang disangkutpautkan dengan asal-usul suatu tempat.

 Legend is a type of folklore which is passed from generation to generation and

sometimes is associated with the origins of places.

Oleh sebab itu, legenda pada umumnya dianggap sebagai kisah sejarah namun tidak
otentik.

 Non- scientific historical account

Maksud dari tidak otentik adalah tidak adanya bukti material atau bukti ilmiah yang
menunjukkan kebenaran dari kejadian yang diceritakan.

 No scientific evident to prove the story

legends sering mengisahkan tentang kekuatan supranatural.

 Involvement of superstition

Teks legends juga sering memiliki versi yang berbeda saat dituturkan oleh orang yang
berbeda.

 Many versions

2. Social Function
Fungsi sosial legends adalah untuk menghibur pembaca atau pendengarnya.

 To amuse the readers/audience

legends terkadang disampaikan untuk memberi pesan moral kepada pembacanya agar
melakukan atau tidak melakukan perbuatan tertentu.
  to give the readers/audience a lesson so that they do or don’t do something

3. Comparison between Scientific History and Legend

Agar kamu bisa lebih memahami tentang legend, bandingkan teks sejarah terbentuknya
Danau Toba (How Toba Lake Was Created) dan legenda terbentuknya Danau Toba (Legend of
Toba Lake) berikut.

Teks 1
How Toba Lake Was Created

er, which caused a layer of ashes of 600 meters to fall down.

0 km by 40 km, its odd elongate shape is a result of the interactions between the magma chamber and the shearing for

Teks 2
The Legend of Toba Lake
Once upon a time, there was a young farmer named Toba. He lived in a fertile valley.
Therefore, he was able to support his lonely, humble life with the crops he grew.

One day, he went fishing at a river not far from his house. The river was usually rich with
fish, but today he did not catch any fish. So hungry, he decided to go home. Just as he
was preparing to leave, his rod caught a big fish. As he lifted the big fish, it suddenly
talked. The golden fish cried and begged him to release it.

Surprised to see a talking fish, he released it to the river, but suddenly the fish
transformed into a beautiful young woman. The woman said that she was a princess cursed
to be a fish. She thanked the farmer for breaking her curse and to show her gratitude, she
was willing to be his wife under the condition that the farmer should not tell anybody about
her being a fish or a terrible disaster would come. So, the farmer and the woman got
married and after a year, they were blessed with a baby boy, named Samosir. The boy grew up
to be a child of great appetite. He had a fierce appetite and would eat all the food on the
table without leaving anything for his family.

One day, the boy was asked to bring rice to his father who was working in the field. But on
the way, the boy ate up everything. His father was very hungry and tired after the hard
work, but there was no food left for him to eat. This made the farmer lose his temper. In
anger, he hit the boy and said, “You son of a fish!” Crying, the boy ran home and asked his
mother if he really was a son of a fish. Shocked and sad to hear this, the princess told the
boy to run to the hill near their house and to climb to the top of the tallest tree. She herself
hurried up to the river where she met the young farmer the first time and disappeared.

The sky turned black and thunder and lightning roared and heavy rain fell onto the valley. It
 rained so hard and so long that the valley began to flood. The water got higher and higher
until the valley was no more, it had turned into a lake. The lake is what is known as Toba Lake.
Adapted from: earthstoriez.com

B. Structures
1. Orientation
Bagian teks ini biasanya berada di paragraf pertama dan berisi latar belakang cerita.
 First paragraph, background information, introduce the characters and setting.
tentang pengenalan tokoh-tokoh, tempat, dan waktu cerita itu terjadi.

2. Complication
Complication merupakan bagian di mana konflik atau permasalahan dalam cerita terjadi.
Konflik atau permasalahan ini membuat cerita menjadi menegangkan. Complication
terdiri dari beberapa kejadian yang kemudian membentuk sebuah urutan kejadian atau
plot. Beberapa kejadian dalam sebuah plot adalah sebagai berikut.
a. Action: kejadian yang menjadi pencetus atau awal mula konflik utama dalam cerita.
 Trigger of the main conflict
b. Rising action: ketika konflik dalam cerita semakin memanas.  growing conflicts
c. Climax: puncak konflik, biasanya ditandai dengan adanya pertempuran atau
bencana besar dalam cerita.  the peak of the main conflict

3. Resolution  conclusion of a conflict

Bagian ini merupakan bagian ketika konflik mereda dan mungkin berisi solusi dari
konflik tersebut. Perlu dipahami juga bahwa dalam legenda ada kemungkinan terdapat
beberapa resolution. Hal ini tergantung pada jumlah complication pada teks cerita. Misalnya,
dalam satu cerita, tokoh utama mengalami masalah bertubi-tubi. Dengan demikian, cerita
tersebut bisa memiliki beberapa resolution.

Pada beberapa teks narrative (legends), setelah resolution bisa juga terdapat re-
orientation/coda. Bagian ini bersifat optional atau tidak harus ada dalam teks narrative
(legends). Re-orientation/coda merupakan bagian teks yang menceritakan tentang
perubahan dari tokoh dalam cerita dan pelajaran apa yang bisa pembaca petik dari
pengalamannya atau pesan moral dari cerita.

Gambar 2. Ilustrasi Struktur Teks Legenda

Agar pemahamanmu tentang struktur teks legend lebih mantap, baca lagi teks The Legend of
Toba Lake dan perha
tikan penjelasan strukturnya pada tabel berikut ini.

Excerpts from the text Parts of the text Explanations

Once upon a time there was a young

farmer named Toba. He lived in a •Information about the time

fertile valley. when the event took place, who

Orientation the main character is, and the
Therefore, he was able to support
his lonely, humble life with the crops condition of the main character
he grew.

Excerpts from the text Parts of the text •Toba’sExplanations

son made him lose
One day the boy was asked to bring
Parts of the text Explanations
his temper and broke his
rice to his father who was working •The cursed princess wants to
... she was willing to be his wife promise of not revealing his
in the field. But on the way, the boy be Toba’s wife and they had a
under the condition that the farmer wife’s past curse.
ate up everything. His father was son, which later became the
should not tell anybody about her •Toba’s wife was sad after
very hungry and tired after the hard trigger of a big problem.
being a fish or a terrible disaster finding out that Toba broke
work, but there was no food left for
would come. So, the farmer and the his promise.
him to eat.
woman got married and after a
This made the farmer lose his
year, they were blessed with a baby
temper. In anger, he hit the boy and
boy, named Samosir. The boy
said, “You son of a fish!”
grew up to be a child of great Complication
appetite. He had a fierce (action)
Crying, the boy ran home and asked Complication
appetite and would eat all the food
his mother
tableifwithout
he really was a son of (rising action)
on the
a fish. Shocked
leaving andhis
anything for sad to hear
family.
this, the princess told the boy to run
to the hill near their house and to
climb to the top of the tallest tree.

Excerpts from the text

The sky turned black and •Catastrophe caused by the

thunder and lightning roared broken promise took place
and heavy rain fell onto the
Complication
valley. It rained so hard and so
(climax)
long that the valley began to
flood.

The water got higher and •The catastrophe ended and

higher until the valley was no the area became Toba Lake.
more, it had turned into a
Resolution
lake. The lake is what is known
as Toba Lake.

C. Language Features

Apabila kamu ingin menulis teks legends, kamu harus memahami unsur kebahasaan untuk
jenis teks ini. Unsur kebahasaan pada teks legends cenderung sama dengan unsur kebahasaan
pada teks narrative. Unsur kebahasaan ini digunakan agar penulis bisa mengungkapkan
maksudnya dengan tepat.

Beberapa unsur kebahasaan pada teks legends pada umumnya adalah sebagai berikut.

1. Past Tenses
 Berdasarkan jenis kata yang muncul setelah subjek, kalimat dengan simple past tense bisa
dibagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu verbal sentence dan nominal sentence. Verbal sentence adalah
kalimat di mana kata kerja yang mengikuti subjek adalah kata kerja yang mengungkapkan
kegiatan atau disebut juga sebagai action verb. Sementara itu, nominal sentence adalah
kalimat di mana kata kerja yang mengikuti subjek adalah kata kerja bantu (auxiliary) yang
digunakan untuk menghubungkan subjek dengan adjective, adverb, atau noun. Penjelasan
tentang struktur kalimat keduanya dengan masing-masing tense adalah sebagai berikut.
a. Simple past tense
Jenis tense ini berfungsi untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian atau kegiatan yang
terjadi di waktu yang spesifik di masa lampau.
1.) Verbal sentence
Struktur kalimat verbal dalam simple past tense adalah sebagai berikut.

Positive Subject + Verb 2 +….

Negative Subject + did not/didn’t + Verb 1 + ….
Interrogative: Wh
Question Yes/No Wh Question + did + Subject + Verb 1 + …?
Question Did + Subject + Verb 1 + …?

Contoh:
• He lived in a fertile valley.
• He did not catch any fish.
• What did the man find in the lake?
• Did the man take the fish home?

2.) Nominal Sentence

Apabila kata kerja dalam sebuah kalimat tidak menunjukkan kegiatan (action verb), kalimat itu
harus menggunakan struktur nominal. Struktur kalimat nominal dalam simple past tense
adalah sebagai berikut.

Positive Subject + was/were + complement

Negative Subject + was not/were not + complement

Interrogative: Wh
Question Wh Question + was/were + Subject +
Yes/No complement?
Question Was/were + Subject + complement?

Tabel 3. Struktur Umum Nominal Sentence pada Simple Past Tense

Penggunaan to be: were/was bergantung pada subjek kalimat. Kata: were digunakan untuk subjek
berjumlah jamak atau subjek yang bisa digantikan dengan kata ganti: you, they, atau we
sedangkan kata: was digunakan untuk subjek tunggal atau yang bisa digantikan dengan kata
ganti: he, she, atau it.

Contoh:
• The river was usually rich with fish.
• They weren’t very hungry.
• Why was the woman angry with the man?
• Was the boy sad?
b. Past continuous tense
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di
masa lampau. Biasanya, kalimat dengan past continuous tense digunakan bersamaan
dengan simple past tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa ada suatu kejadian yang sedang
berlangsung ketika kejadian lain terjadi di masa lampau. Struktur kalimat dalam past
continuous tense adalah sebagai berikut.

Positive Subject + was/were + verb-ing + ….

Negative Subject + was/were not + verb-ing + ….
Interrogative: Wh
Question Wh Question + was/were + Subject + verb-ing + …?
Yes/No Was/were + Subject + verb-ing + …?
Question

Contoh:
• They were trying to escape the earthquake.
• Toba wasn’t fishing when Samosir came.
• What was the man doing when he met the woman?
• Were they staying at home when the earthquake happened?

c. Past perfect tense

Jenis tense ini berfungsi untuk menunjukkan suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa yang sudah terjadi
sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi di masa lampau. Selain itu, kalimat dengan tense ini juga bisa
dipakai untuk mengungkapkan durasi suatu kegiatan atau kejadian.
1.) Verbal sentence
Struktur kalimat verbal past perfect tense adalah sebagai berikut.

Positive Subject + had + Verb 3 +….

Negative Subject + had not/hadn’t + Verb 3 + ….
Interrogative: Wh
Question Yes/No Wh Question + had + Subject + Verb 3 +
Question …?
Had + Subject + Verb 3 + …?

Tabel 5. Struktur Umum Verbal Sentence pada Past Perfect Tense

Tabel 5 menyebutkan bahwa baik kalimat positif maupun negatif, past perfect tense sama-
sama menggunakan struktur umum had + verb 3. Untuk kalimat negatif, penanda negatif:
not perlu disisipkan setelah had. Perhatikan contoh- contoh berikut ini.
Contoh:
• By February, they had lived together for 5 years.
• They hadn’t married before the catastrophe came.
• Why had the man thrown his food away?
• Had the boy known his mother’s story?

2.) Nominal sentence

Selain kalimat verbal, past perfect tense dapat membentuk kalimat nominal
menggunakan been dengan struktur sebagai berikut.
Positive Subject + had + been + complement

Negative Subject + had not/hadn’t + been + complement

Interrogative: Wh
Question Yes/No Wh Question + had + Subject + been + complement?
Question Had + Subject + been + complement?
 Contoh:
 The princess had been a fish for many years before Toba found her.
 The boy hadn’t been in the village since the earthquake.
 Where had the man been after the earthquake?
 Had the man been in the lake

2. Adverbs of time
Keterangan waktu selalu muncul dalam sebuah teks narrative. Keterangan waktu bisa
muncul dalam bentuk kata, frasa, atau klausa. Fungsinya adalah untuk memberi informasi
tentang waktu di mana suatu kejadian dalam cerita terjadi. Teks legends biasanya
menggunakan keterangan waktu untuk mengungkapkan kejadian di masa lampau atau
urutan kejadian di masa lampau. Perhatikan beberapa contoh adverb of time dalam tiap
level bahasa berikut ini.
• Kata: yesterday, then.
• Frasa: once upon a time, one day, a few days later.
• Klausa: just as he was preparing to leave, as he lifted the big fish.

3. Proper Nouns
Kata benda dalam bentuk nama spesifik sering muncul dalam teks legends. Proper noun
bisa berupa nama orang ataupun nama tempat yang ada di dalam cerita. Dalam teks The
Legend of Toba Lake, bisa ditemukan penyebutan spesifik seorang petani bernama
Toba dan putranya yang bernama Samosir.

4. Adjectives
Dalam teks legends, adjective atau kata sifat digunakan untuk memberi informasi tambahan
tentang tokoh atau situasi dalam cerita. Adjective bisa muncul sebagai modifier dalam frasa
benda atau sebagai pelengkap (complement) dalam kalimat. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini.
• Modifier: a young farmer, a beautiful girl.
• Complement: The sky is dark.

5. Personification
Bahasa kias personification biasanya muncul dalam teks legends untuk memberi
gambaran tentang situasi yang terjadi dalam cerita. Hal ini membuat cerita terkesan lebih
hidup. Personification adalah memberikan sifat atau karaktetristik manusia untuk benda
atau objek bukan manusia.
Contoh: Lightning roared.

6. Direct speech
Direct speech juga terkadang muncul dalam teks legends. Direct speech merupakan tuturan
yang disampaikan secara langsung oleh tokoh dalam cerita. Kalimat langsung ditandai
dengan tanda petik (“) di awal dan akhir tuturan.
Contoh:
… he hit the boy and said, “You son of a fish!”.

D. Practice

Read the text below then answer the questions accordingly.

Once upon a time in Sindureja Kingdom, King Sidareja was talking to his vice regent, his name was Patih Si

Patih Sidapaksa took the mission. When he arrived at the jungle, he saw a young deer. He pointed his arrow

"I...I...am looking for a young deer,” Patih Sidapaksa speechless.

 "You can find a lot of deer in the jungle. But it’s already late and it will be dark
soon. You can continue hunting tomorrow morning. You can come and spend the night
here. Both my father and I are happy to welcome you," said the girl.

Patih Sidapaksa accepted the offer. He introduced himself. The girl’s name was Sri
Tanjung and her father’s name was Ki Buyut. In the morning, Patih Sidapaksa continued
his hunting and after he got a young deer he returned to the hut.

He came back because he wanted to marry Sri Tanjung. Luckily, Sri Tanjung also loved him.
Later, Patih Sidapaksa asked them to join him to the palace. The King was very happy
because Patih Sidapaksa brought him a young deer. However, he was also amazed by the
beauty of Sri Tanjung.

The King also fell in love with her. The King had a bad plan. He wanted to marry Sri Tanjung.
So, he gave Patih Sidapaksa a very difficult mission. The King asked Patih Sidapaksa to give
him three golden rings from Indran Kingdom. Patih Sidapaksa knew the mission was
more difficult than hunting a young deer. Indran Kingdom was not an ordinary kingdom.
It was a kingdom of criminals! No one ever came back after going there. However, he still
accepted the mission. And before he left, he asked Sri Tanjung to wait for him.

After Patih Sidapaksa left, the King approached Sri Tanjung. He proposed Sri Tanjung to
marry him. He promised Sri Tanjung to be a queen. She did not accept the proposal. She
loved Patih Sidapaksa and she already promised to wait for him. The King was angry and
put her in jail.

Luckily, Patih Sidapaksa could do the mission and came back to the palace. Sadly, he could
not meet Sri Tanjung. The King lied. He said Sri Tanjung was in jail because she asked the
King to marry her. The King said Sri Tanjung wanted to be a queen. At first, Patih
Sidapaksa believed the King. But Sri Tanjung then said, “Throw me to the river. If the
river smells good, it means I’m innocent. However, if the river smells bad, then I am
lying,” said Sri Tanjung.

Patih Sidapaksa then threw her into the river. Amazingly, the river smelled good. Patih
Sidapaksa was very sorry. Sri Tanjung died. He regretted not to believe her. When the river
smelled good, people instantly said Banyuwangi. Banyu means water and Wangi means
good smell. Since then, the place has been named Banyuwangi.
Adapted from: indonesialegend.blogspot.com

LATIHAN SOAL

1. The language features you can find in paragraph 1 are ....

2. The story took place in ....
3. King Sidareja sent Patih Sidapaksa on a mission to Indran Kingdom to give him three golden
rings because ....
4. The inspiration of the name “Banyuwangi” came from ....

HOTS

Circle the correct statements about Patih Sidapaksa.

A. He wanted to be the king of Sindureja Kingdom.
B. He was prisoned in Indran Kingdom.
C. He saved Sri Tanjung from the river.
D. He was loyal to King Sidareja.
E. He had an affair with Sri Tanjung.
F. He helped the King rule the kingdom.
G. He brought Sri Tanjung and his father to meet the king.