Bencana Geologi : Gerakan Tanah

MITIGASI
UPAYA MITIGASI

Mitigasi

Non-teknik :
Teknik : Pengembangan
Pemetaan bahaya & risiko gabungan teknologi-
sosial

Struktural : Non-struktural :
- Perkuatan lereng; - Metode Vegetatif 
- Memperkecil kemiringan memperkuat tanah dan
lereng; mengontrol drainase.
- Mengurangi beban pada lereng; - Metode Bioengineering
dan kombinasi antara metode
Vegetatif & Struktural.
- Sistem drainase/pengairan.
 Peta risiko bencana tanah longsor.
(Sopheap & Karnawati, 2006 in Upaya Mitigasi Bencana Gerakan Massa Tanah di Kab. Bantul,
2011. Tidak dipublikasikan)
Mitigasi Teknik-struktural :
perkuatan lereng (retaining
walls).
(Teddy Boen, 2009 in Upaya Mitigasi Bencana
Gerakan Massa Tanah di Kab. Bantul, 2011 &
http://commons.wikimedia.
org/wiki/file:gabion2.jpg)
Mitigasi Teknik-struktural :
perkuatan lereng (rock bolting
& shotcrete).
(Teddy Boen, 2009 in Upaya Mitigasi Bencana
Gerakan Massa Tanah di Kab. Bantul, 2011 &
http://commons.wikimedia.
org/wiki/file:gabion2.jpg)
Mitigasi Teknik-struktural : sistem drainase permukaan
(Teddy Boen, 2009 in Upaya Mitigasi Bencana Gerakan Massa Tanah di Kab. Bantul,
2011)
Mitigasi Teknik-struktural :
terasering.
(Teddy Boen, 2009 in Upaya Mitigasi
Bencana Gerakan Massa Tanah di Kab.
Bantul, 2011 &
http://commons.wikimedia.
org/wiki/file:gabion2.jpg)
Mitigasi Non-Teknik-struktural :
(Courtesy : Teddy Boen, 2009 in Upaya Mitigasi Bencana Gerakan Massa Tanah di Kab.
Bantul, 2011)
 Memperkecil kemiringan lereng
Kemiringan Lereng
Peruntukan
Maks. (%) Min. (%) Opt. (%)
Pemukiman 20 – 25 0 2
Taman bermain 2–3 0,05 1
Saluran pembuangan 15 0 0,05
Jalan, dengan kecepatan : Kelas Sudut Lereng
Peruntukan
32 km/jam 0 – 3 12
3–5 5 – 10 10 – 15 1 – 20
15 20 – 30 30 – 40 > 40
Jalan48 km/jam
raya 10
64 km/jam
Trotoar 8
80 km/jam
Tempat parkir 7
97bermain
Taman km/jam 5
113 km/jam
Pemukiman 4
Area perdagangan
Daerah parkir 3 0,05 1
Industri
Daerah rekreasi 3–4 0 2
PU/No.
Daerah 22/PRT/M/2007 dari Marsh, W.M.; 1991
resapan
pembuangan
Sistem drainase
Tangga umum
PU/No. 22/PRT/M/2007 dari Marsh, W.M.; 1991
 Mengupas material gembur (yang tidak stabil) pada lereng  efektif
diterapkan pada lereng curam (> 40%).
 Mengosongkan lereng dari kegiatan manusia
 Melakukan penanaman vegetasi dengan jenis dan pola tanam yang tepat
 Jenis tanaman yang disarankan oleh Bank Dunia : akasia, pinus, mahoni,
johar, jati, kemiri,dan damar.
 Pada lereng pegunungan & tebing  tanaman berakar dalam, bertajuk
ringan, cabang mudah tumbuh & mudah dipangkas (lamtoro, pete,
sonokeling, & kaliandra).
 Pada kaki lereng atau kaki bukit  ditanami mahoni.
 Daerah berlereng curam pada bagian lembah  ditanami bambu (Sitorus,
S.R.P., 2006).
 Sistem terasering  bertujuan melandaikan lereng. Hal ini mengingat
kondisi air yang berlebihan pada lerengakan mengakibatkan peningkatan
bobot massa pada lereng, atau tekanan airpori yang dapat memicu terjadinya
longsoran.Sistem drainase dapat berupa drainase permukaan untuk
mengalirkan airlimpasan hujan menjauhi lereng, dan drainase bawah
permukaan untukmengurangi kenaikan tekanan air pori dalam tanah.
Problems in developing resilient society
 High potential hazard, vulnerability & risk;
 Strong needs for survivebility & adaptability
and
 Gap of perception abaout disaster risk.

Challenge for University :

How to solve the problems?
 Research-based problem solving;
 Problem based learning process and
 Practical implemantation (action).
Outputs
Development of Society Resilient Through :

 Survivebility improvement in landslide

vulnerable area :
 landslide hazard map & evacuation route;
 sites for temporary shelter;
 forum for disaster risk reduction; and
 modules & program for community empo-
werment in landslide vulnerable area.

Public empowerment for

survivebility & mitigation
Outputs : Capacity Developments

 Survivebility & Mitigation in landslide

vulnerable area :
 hazard map & evacuation root;
 provision of temporary shelter; and
 community task-force team for disaster risk
reduction & ews; and
 justified traditional wisdom for ews.
 Agro-farming :
 preparation for revegetation program; and
 waste management & composting.
Outputs : Capacity Developments

 Education for Sustainable Development

Efforts :
 media for developing ethical value, leader-
ship & teamworking; and
 improvement of student skill in applying
their knowledge for landslide mitigation &
risk reduction.
Rainstorm-induced Landslide,
Study Area :
Ledoksari, Tengklik &
Ngargoyoso Village,
Karanganyar Regency,
Central Java
 Earthquake & Rainstrom
Induced Landslide
Study Area :
Tandikek Village, Pariaman Regency –
Tanjungsani Village, Agam Regency, West
Sumatera, Indonesia
Padang – Pariaman – Agam, West Sumatra, Indonesia
After the Earthquake of September 30, 2009
Focus of
investigation
area

(Picture posted by
http://rovicky.word
press.com/2009/10
/01/gempa-padang-
30-september-2009
 Mountains
(High land)

Morphological
Study area conditions of
study area at West
Sumatra, occupied
by jointed or
faulted mountains
Low land
(high land) which
are susceptible for
landslide.

Courtesy of base map :

Maps.Google.com
Conditions of landslides under the extreme rainfall & earth-
quake inducement, September 30, 2010.
(Picture posted by http://www.indogamez.com/forum/Foto-Eksklusif-Terlengkap-
GEMPA-DAN-LONGSOR-DI-PADANG)
Debris flow induced by earthquake immediately after the rainfall
(More than 100 people buried instantaneously)

Landslide deposit at the river bank,

the distance of 500 m from the crown.
GOAL
 Development of landslide mitigation & early
warning system for life protection from
extreme weather conditions at an active geo-
dynamic region.

SPESIFIC OBJECTIVE
 Understanding the mechanism of earthquake
induced landslide under the extreme rainfall
& earthquake conditions.
 Mechanism of Landslide
and The Controlling Factors
Geological Map
of the Landslide Area
 BH 1

BH 2

Steep slope with the inclination of 45O which is formed by thick

residual soils (sandy silt-clay) & covered by coconut trees creates high
susceptibility conditions for landslide occurrence at Tandikat Village,
Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra.
Massive landslide occured at steep mountains, formed by weathered
tuffaceous sandstone which covered by sandy silk-clay & coconut trees
on September 30, 2010.
(Picture posted by http://www.indogamez.com/forum/Foto-Eksklusif-Terlengkap-
GEMPA-DAN-LONGSOR-DI-PADANG)
(Picture posted by http://www.indogamez.com/forum/Foto-Eksklusif-Terlengkap-
GEMPA-DAN-LONGSOR-DI-PADANG)
GEOLOGICAL PROFILE of LANDSLIDE SITE

BH 1

BH 2
Figure of : Shear test result with respect to the condition of shear stress, normal
pressure, shear velocity & shear displacement at critical state.
The test show that critical shear displacement is about 5 cm. So, if the shear
stress can result in about 4,9 cm, soil liquefaction will be occur & lead to conti-
nues soil failure (landsliding). (Conducted in DPRI Kyoto University, Japan)
Figure of : Shear test result with respect to the changes of shear stress, normal
pressure & shear displacement with time.
Application of seismic wave with Peak Ground Acceleration of 1 Gal (126 Kpa)
for the period of 10 seconds only result in shear displacement less than 1 cm.
The critical shear displacement is about 5 cm, so this seismic inducement could
not reach the critical shear displacement & did not result in liquefaction (no
 Tanahlongsor terjadi akibat likuifaksi tanah yang
dipicu oleh gempabumi.
 The ground amplification dikarenakan karakter
lereng, berperan dalam pembentukan likuifaksi
tanah dan tanahlongsor. due to site characteristics at
the slope, may become the important role in crea-
ting soil liquefaction & landsliding.
 Kemiringan lereng 40O & lapukan batupasir tufan
bersifat lepas dan tebal berperan dalam for the
occurrence of local ground amplification.