Berat
Skala 7-
Sedang 10
Skala 4-6
Ringan
Skala 1-3
nyeri analgetik Obat Obat lain
pilihan
ringan Non opioid NSAID parasetam
±adjuvant ol
MORFIN adalah
pilihan pertama
opioid untuk
nyeri
sedang dan
berat
HO TO MORPHIN
W USE E?
Mulai
dengan
dosis
Atasi rendah
efek Titrasi
cepat
sampin
g
Evaluasi
efektivitas Atasi
dan efek breaktrough
samping
Lakuka
n
rotasi
Lanjutan..
• Fentanyl
– Transdermal, parenteral
– Efek samping ssp lebih sedikit, konstipasi lbh
ringan dibanding morfin
– Kekurangan : tdk memiliki btk oral, dosis
besar tdk bs diberikan scr SC, efek onset
lama, tdk dpt dipotong, pasien berkeringat
kurang bermanfaat.
Evaluasi
• 15 menit setelah injeksi
• 1 jam setelah obat oral
• Efek samping
Tanda klinik toksik dan overdosis
opioid kuat :
• Gangguan kesadaran
• Delirium
• Halusinasi
• Mioklonus
• Depresi nafas
adjuvant
golongan manfaat
Relaksasi benson
Terapi dzikir
Murottal dll
Terimakasih
Referensi
• American Pain Society (2010). Pain : current understanding of assesment, management and
treatment. National pharmaceutical inc.
• Archie, bruera, cohen, (2012). music based intervention in palliative cancer care : a review of
quantitative studies and neurobiological literature
• Black, M. Joice, Hawks, Jane Hokanson. (2009). Medical Surgical Nursing. Saunders Elseiver :
Missouri.
• Brunner & Suddarth (2010). Medical Surgical Nursing, Volume 1. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Choi; Kim; Kang; Lee; Cha; Lee; Yi (2016). Brain mechanism of pain relief by TENS : a functional
magnetic resonan imaging study. Euripean journal of pain volume 20. DoI : 10.1002/ejp.696.
• Daniel S.Golberg, Summer J. Mc Gee.(2011). Pain as a global public health priority. BMC Public
health 201111:770. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-770.
• Evangelista; Ceccarelli; Ferren; Milani; Ugulini; Morgini (2016). Efficacy of a workplace relaxation
exercise program on muscle tenderness in working community with headache and neck pain : a
longitudinal, control study. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine 92016, 52 (4) :
457-465).
• Fielad, Tiffany (2016). Knee osteoarthritis pain in the elderly can be reduced by massage therapy,
yoga and taichi : a review. Complementary therapy in clinical practice international journal.
Februari 2016 vol. 2 pages 87-92.
• Hendrich, Sandra; Kahanov, leamor; Eberman, Lindsey. (2011). Accupressure for tension
headache. International journal of athletic tehrapy & tarining. May 2011. ATT 16(3)pp 37-40.