Hello and a big thank you for being here.

Halo dan terima kasih banyak telah hadir di sini.

My name is [Your Name], and I am thrilled to be here today as part of this
presentation.
Nama saya [Nama Anda], dan saya senang berada di sini hari ini sebagai bagian
dari presentasi ini.
Joining me on this journey are [Team Member 1], [Team Member 2], [Team
Member 3], [Team Member 4], [Team Member 5], and [Team Member 6] .
Together, we form a dynamic and passionate team dedicated to representation
about the starting system.
Bergabung dengan saya dalam perjalanan ini adalah [Anggota Tim 1], [Anggota Tim
2], [Anggota Tim 3], [Anggota Tim 4], [Anggota Tim 5], dan [Anggota Tim 6]
Bersama-sama, kami membentuk tim yang dinamis dan penuh semangat yang
didedikasikan untuk representasi tentang sistem Starting.
We are grateful for the opportunity to be here and would like to thank to the
team of instructors at TC Trakindo Utama, for hosting this event. Without
further ado, let's dive into the presentation and explore starting system.
Kami berterima kasih atas kesempatan untuk berada di sini dan berterima kasih
kepada tim instruktur di TC Trakindo Utama, yang telah menyelenggarakan acara
ini. Tanpa basa-basi lagi, mari selami presentasi dan jelajahi sistem Starting.

Today, our main topic of discussion is as follows

We will talk about Starting Circuit first.
And we will talk about Starting Circuit Devices second.
Conclusions at the end of the session

Hari ini, topik utama diskusi kami adalah sebagai berikut

Kami akan membahas mengenai starting circuit terlebih dahulu.
Dan kita akan membahas tentang komponen starting Sirkuit kedua.
Serta kesimpulan di akhir sesi.
The starting circuit contains control and protection devices. The
control and protection devices are necessary to allow the
intermittent operation of the starter motor and to prevent operation
during some machine operation modes for safety reasons.

Rangkaian starting terdiri dari komponen kontrol dan pengaman.

Perangkat kontrol dan pengaman ini diperlukan untuk memungkinkan operasi
berkala motor starter dan mencegah operasi selama beberapa saat mesin
beroperasi karena alasan keamanan.
The starter electrical circuit may consist of the following devices:
Battery
Cables and wires
Key start switch
Neutral safety switch and clutch safety switch (if
equipped)
Starter relay
Starter solenoid

Sirkuit starting elektrik terdiri dari beberapa perangkat berikut:

Baterai
Kabel penghubung
Sakelar Starter
Sakelar pengaman netral dan sakelar pengaman kopling (jika
ada)
Relai starter
Solenoid starter

A. Battery

The battery supplies all of the electrical energy to the starter which enables the
battery to crank the engine.

Baterai memasok semua energi listrik ke motor starter agar dapat

menghidupkan mesin.
 B. Kabel penghubung

The high current flow through the starter motor requires cables that must be
large enough to have low resistance.

In a series circuit, any added resistance in the circuit will affect the operation
of the load due to a reduction in the total current flow in the circuit.

Aliran arus yang tinggi melalui motor starter membutuhkan kabel yang harus
cukup besar agar memiliki resistansi yang rendah.

Dalam rangkaian seri, setiap resistansi tambahan pada rangkaian akan

mempengaruhi pengoperasian beban karena pengurangan aliran arus total
pada rangkaian.

Ground cables must also be large enough to handle the current flow. All
connectors and connections in the starting system must have as little
resistance as possible
Kabel ground juga harus cukup besar untuk menangani aliran arus. Semua
konektor dan koneksi di sistem start harus memiliki hambatan sesedikit
mungkin
 C. Keystart Switch
The key start switch activates the starter motor by providing power to the
starter relay from the battery.

The key start switch can be operated directly by a key or a button. The key
start switch can be mounted in the dashboard assembly or on the steering
column.
Sakelar kontak mengaktifkan motor starter dengan memberikan daya ke relai
starter dari baterai.
Sakelar kontak dapat dioperasikan langsung dengan kunci atau tombol.
Sakelar start kunci dapat dipasang di unit dasbor atau di kolom kemudi.
 D. Neutral Safety Switch or Clutch Safety Switch (if equipped)

All mobile heavy equipment that are equipped with a power shift or an
automatic transmission require a neutral safety switch that will only permit
starter operation in park or in neutral.

This switch can be mounted on the transmission, at the shifter or in the

linkage. The switch contacts are closed when the transmission selector is in
park or in neutral. The switch contacts are open when the transmission
selector is in any gear.

Semua alat berat bergerak yang dilengkapi dengan power shift atau transmisi
otomatis memerlukan sakelar pengaman netral yang hanya mengizinkan
pengoperasian starter di poaiai parkir atau netral.

Saklar ini dapat dipasang pada transmisi, pada shifter atau pada linkage.
Kontak sakelar ditutup saat pemilih transmisi dalam posisi parkir atau netral.
Kontak sakelar terbuka saat pemilih transmisi berada di gigi mana pun.

Some vehicles may use a clutch safety switch that is open when the clutch is
in the engaged position and closed when the operator depresses the clutch
pedal.
This prevents starter operation as long as the clutch is engaged.
Some transmissions also use a neutral gear switch that will prevent starter
operation, unless the transmission is placed in the neutral position.
All safety switches of this type should be maintained in good operating
condition. All safety switches should never be bypassed or removed.
Beberapa kendaraan mungkin menggunakan sakelar pengaman kopling yang
terbuka saat kopling dalam posisi aktif dan tertutup saat operator menekan
pedal kopling.
Ini mencegah pengoperasian starter selama kopling diaktifkan.
Beberapa transmisi juga menggunakan sakelar gigi netral yang akan
mencegah pengoperasian starter, kecuali jika transmisi ditempatkan pada
posisi netral.
Semua sakelar pengaman jenis ini harus dipelihara dalam kondisi
pengoperasian yang baik. Semua sakelar pengaman tidak boleh dibaypas atau
dilepas.

E. Starter relay

The starter relay (magnetic switch) may be used in some starting systems.
The starter relay is located between the key start switch and starter solenoid.
The starter relay is a magnetic switch that is activated by power from the
battery that is supplied through the key start switch

Relai starter (sakelar magnetik) dapat digunakan di beberapa sistem starting.

Relai starter terletak di antara kunci kontak dan solenoid starter.
Relai starter adalah sakelar magnet yang diaktifkan dengan daya dari baterai
yang disuplai melalui kunci kontak
The starter relay uses a small current from the key start switch to control the
larger current to the starter solenoid, which reduces the load on the key start
switch.
Energizing the relay windings will cause the plunger to be pulled up due to the
magnetism that is caused by the current flow through the windings.
The contact disk will also be pulled up and will contact the battery and starter
terminal ends. Current will flow from the battery to the starter solenoid.

Relai starter menggunakan arus kecil dari kunci kontak untuk mengontrol arus
yang lebih besar ke solenoid starter, yang mengurangi beban pada kunci
kontak.
Memberi energi pada belitan relai akan menyebabkan plunger ditarik karena
magnet yang disebabkan oleh aliran arus melalui belitan.
Disk kontak juga akan ditarik ke atas dan akan menyentuh ujung terminal
baterai dan starter. Arus akan mengalir dari baterai ke solenoid starter.
 F. Starter solenoid

Solenoids combine the operation of a magnetic switch (relay) with the ability
to perform a mechanical task (engage the drive).
The starter solenoid produces a magnetic field that pulls the solenoid plunger
and disc into the coil windings, which completes the starting system circuit.
The solenoid is mounted on the starter motor so that linkage may be attached
to the overrunning clutch drive in order to engage the drive.

Solenoida menggabungkan pengoperasian sakelar magnet (relai) dengan

kemampuan untuk melakukan tugas mekanis (mengaktifkan penggerak).
Solenoid starter menghasilkan medan magnet yang menarik pendorong
solenoida dan cakram ke dalam belitan koil, yang melengkapi rangkaian
sistem start.
Solenoid dipasang pada motor starter sehingga penghubung dapat dipasang
ke penggerak overrunning clutch untuk mengaktifkan penggerak (pinion gear).
Solenoids contain two different windings for effective operation.
When the ignition switch is turned to the start position, current from the
battery flows through a pull-in winding and a hold-in winding.
These windings contain many coils of wire and produce a strong magnetic
field to pull the heavy plunger forward and engage the starter drive.

Solenoida terdiri dari dua kumparan yang berbeda untuk operasi yang efektif.
Saat kunci kontak diputar ke posisi start, arus dari baterai mengalir melalui
kumparan tarik dan kumparan penahan.
Kumparan ini mengandung banyak kumparan kawat dan menghasilkan medan
magnet yang kuat untuk menarik pendorong (plunger) yang berat ke depan
dan mengaktifkan penggerak starter.
When the ignition switch is closed, battery current flows in two directions.
Current flows from the battery to the start switch and then through the pull-in
winding, field winding, armature, brushes and to ground.
The activation of the pull-in winding and the hold-in winding produces a
magnetic force.
The magnetic force pulls the plunger to the left, which moves the overrunning
clutch and the pinion toward the flywheel ring gear

Saat kunci kontak posisi ON, arus baterai mengalir dalam dua arah.
Arus mengalir dari baterai ke start switch dan kemudian melalui pull-in
winding, field winding, armature, brushes dan ke ground.
Aktivasi pull-in winding dan hold-in winding menghasilkan gaya magnet.
Gaya magnet menarik plunger ke kiri, yang menggerakkan overrunning clutch
dan pinion menuju flywheel ring gear
When the plunger is pulled to the left, the solenoid contacts close.
At this point the pinion begins to mesh with the flywheel ring gear and the
pull-in winding is shorted.
This causes current flow through the solenoid contacts to the field winding,
armature, brushes and to ground. Current still flows through the hold-in
winding to ground.
The starting motor is energized.
The pinion engages the flywheel ring gear.
The engine begins to crank. At this time the plunger is kept in the pull-in
position only by the magnetic force of the hold-in winding.

Saat plunger ditarik ke kiri, kontak solenoid menutup.

Pada titik ini pinion mulai menyatu dengan ring gear flywheel dan pull-in
winding menjadi hubung singkat.
Hal ini menyebabkan arus mengalir melalui kontak solenoid ke belitan
medan, angker, sikat dan ke ground. Arus masih mengalir melalui belitan
hold-in ke ground.
Motor starter diberi energi.
Pinion mengaktifkan ring gear flywheel.
Mesin mulai berputar. Pada saat ini plunger dipertahankan pada posisi pull-
in hanya dengan gaya magnet dari hold-in winding.
As soon as the engine starts, the flywheel ring gear turns the pinion faster than the starting motor is
rotating.
The overrunning clutch breaks the mechanical connection between the clutch and the starting motor.
When the ignition switch is released, current flow through the hold-in winding and the pull-in winding
is in the same direction, which causes the hold-in winding magnetic force to be reduced.
The solenoid contacts are opened.
The plunger and overrunning clutch are pulled back to the original position by the return spring force.
The armature stops and the motor is OFF.
Segera setelah engine runing, ring gear flywheel memutar pinion lebih cepat daripada putaran motor
starter.
Kopling overrunning memutus sambungan mekanis antara kopling dan motor starter.
Saat kunci kontak dilepas, arus yang mengalir melalui belitan hold-in dan belitan pull-in searah, yang
menyebabkan gaya magnet belitan hold-in berkurang.
Kontak solenoid dibuka.
Plunger dan overrunning clutch ditarik kembali ke posisi semula oleh gaya pegas balik. Armature
berhenti dan motor OFF.
 Kesimpulan
Reliability: Heavy equipment starting systems and devices are designed to be highly reliable. They need
to ensure consistent and dependable engine startup, regardless of environmental conditions or
operational demands.
Safety Features: Heavy equipment starting systems may include safety features like neutral start
switches, which prevent accidental engine engagement when the equipment is not in a safe operating
condition. These features protect both the operator and the machinery.
Maintenance Requirements: Starting systems and devices in heavy equipment require regular inspection
and maintenance to ensure optimal performance. This includes battery checks, starter motor
maintenance, and periodic replacement of worn-out components.

Kehandalan: Sistem dan perangkat starter alat berat dirancang agar sangat handal. Mereka
perlu memastikan penyalaan mesin yang konsisten dan dapat diandalkan, terlepas dari kondisi
lingkungan atau tuntutan operasional.
Fitur Keselamatan: Sistem penyalaan alat berat dapat menyertakan fitur keselamatan seperti
sakelar penyalaan netral, yang mencegah pengaktifan engine yang tidak disengaja saat
peralatan tidak dalam kondisi pengoperasian yang aman. Fitur-fitur ini melindungi operator dan
mesin.
Persyaratan Pemeliharaan: Sistem dan perangkat penyalaan pada alat berat memerlukan
pemeriksaan dan pemeliharaan rutin untuk memastikan kinerja yang optimal. Ini termasuk
pemeriksaan baterai, perawatan motor starter, dan penggantian komponen yang aus secara
berkala.