KOMPETENSI DASAR :
Membedakan jenis / nama batuan dan fosil
INDIKATOR :
> Batuan sedimen
> Fosil
BATUAN SEDIMEN
Batuan Sedimen :
Sedimentary
rocks
Origin/introduction
by products of rock weathering
become sediments, cement together
Sedimentary rocks
Origin/introduction
Sedimentary rocks
-little weathering
-short transport
particle (clast) size:
Sedimentary rocks
size
gravel
bigger than 2 mm
sand
sand-sized
very fine-grained
(1/10 inch)
Detrital rock
conglomerate
or breccia
sandstone
shale or mudstone
sediments
gravel
sand
silt
clay
sedimentary
rocks
conglomerate
sandstone
siltstone
shale
TEKSTUR BATUAN
SEDIMEN
b. sorting / pemilahan
degree of similarity in particle size
(tingkat keseragaman ukuran besar butir)
TEKSTUR BATUAN
SEDIMEN
c. Kebulatan/pembundaran (roundness)
degree of roundedness (derajat pembundaran)
adalah tingkat kelengkungan dr setiap tepi fragmen/
butiran
angular
intermediate
rounded
Another example:
Well-sorted
Poorly-sorted
TEKSTUR BATUAN
SEDIMEN
d. Kemas (fabric)
adalah sifat hubungan antar butir, kesatuannya
didalam satu masa dasar atau diantara semennya.
Kemas terbuka : apb.
butirannya tidak saling
bersentuhan
Kemas tertutup: apb.
butirannya
saling
bersentuhan
TEKSTUR BATUAN
SEDIMEN
meloloskan fluida.
Istilah yg digunakan : baik (good/permeable), sedang
(fair), buruk (poor/impermeable)
TEKSTUR BATUAN
SEDIMEN
f. Kekompakkan
adalah merupakan tingkat kekerasan dari batuan.
Istilah yg digunakan :
- sangat kompak
- kompak
- sedang
- buruk (mudah diremas)
TEKSTUR BATUAN
SEDIMEN
g. Fragmen (Clast)
adalah merupakan butiran
penyusun batuan yg
berukuran lebih besar dari
matrik (pasir sangat kasar
hingga bongkah).
Fragmen dapat berupa
pecahan batuan, mineral
maupun cangkang binatang.
TEKSTUR BATUAN
SEDIMEN
Semen
Breksi
Konglomerat
Batupasir
Shale/serpih
Sedimentary rocks
Detrital sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Detrital sedimentary rocks
Sandstone
composed of sand grains
2nd most abundant sedimentary rock
deposited by moderate currents:
- beaches
Conglomerate
composed mostly of gravel
pebbles to boulders
poorly sorted
deposited by strong, turbulent currents:
- glaciers
Sedimentary rocks
Breccia
conglomerate with angular grains
Sedimentary rocks
Chemical
sedimentary rocks
derived from material carried in solution to lakes/seas
precipitation from solution to form chemical sediments
2 types of precipitation
- inorganic
- organic
Sedimentary rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Limestone
10% of all sedimentary rocks (by volume)
most abundant chemical sedimentary rock
composed primarily of calcite (calcium carbonate CaCO3)
formed by marine organisms (corals, clams, algae)
some deposited directly out of ocean or other waters
Sedimentary rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Coral reef
limestone mountain
Sedimentary rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Agate
Chert
very fine grained silica
also called flint, jasper, agate
most formed in ocean
occurs as layers (beds) & as irregular blobs in limestone
marine creatures remove silica from sea water, make shells
Sedimentary rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Evaporites
water evaporates and dissolved stuff is deposited
mostly marine rocks, but some lakes/ playas
Salt, gypsum, potash
Salt flats, Utah
Sedimentary rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Coal
buried and compacted plant material
different kinds of coal, depending on formation process
Sedimentary Environments
Halus :
Kasar :
DETRITRUS
BATULANAU
BREKSI
BATULEMPUNG
KONGLOMERAT
SERPIH
KALKARENIT
NAPAL
BT.GAMPING KLASTIK
OOLIT
Sedimentasi
kimia
EVAPORIT
HALIT, GIPSUM
ANHIDRIT
BATUPASIR
Sedimentasi mekanis
KARBONAT
DOLOMIT
BT.GAMPING
BIOKLASTIK
BATUGAMPING
BT.GAMPING
KRISTALIN
TERUMBU
SILIKA
RIJANG
RADIOLARIT
DIATOMEA
Sedimentasi
organik
BATUBARA
GAMBUT, LIGNIT
BATUBARA, ANTRASIT