MK.

International Public Health Issue

Global Nutrition
Report
Ismi Nurwaqiah Ibnu, S.Gz.,M.Kes
Materi Perkuliahan
01 Three Issues in Critical Need of
Attention

02 The burden of Nutrition

03 The Fight against Malnutrition –

Commitments and Financing

04 Nutrition and Development : A

Global Challenge
 Section Break
Jelaskan pendapat Anda tentang materi
bacaan berjudul “Nutrition: ethical issues
and challenges” by Robert B.Rucker.
 Rangkuman
Bahan Bacaan : “Nutrition: ethical issues and challenges” by Robert B.Rucker.

Dibutuhkan prinsip etik dalam

Sumber pendanaan dan konflik
penelitian dan perkembangan
kepentingan terkait, contoh
ilmu gizi secara global sesuai
01 dengan kebijakan politik, 04 kasus : penelitian yang didana
oleh perusahaan susu, jus,
keilmuan, latar belakang budaya,
bahan berbasis gulu
sosial dan agama

Perilaku yang berkontribusi

Pengaruh sejarah, budaya, dan
agama terhadap perkembangan 05 terhadap pelanggaran,
penyimpangan, dan penipuan.
penelitian gizi contohnya : kaum
02 vegan, agama tertentu yang
Contoh : plagiasi,
menyebarkan publikasi
punya pantangan makanan,
ilmiah yang tidak benar
budaya tertentu, pangan GMO

Peran politik, kebijakan pemerintah Publikasi dan jurnal

dan undang-undang yang berlaku, 06 penelitian; mem-blokir jurnal
contoh : suplementasi makanan
03 Peraturan Menkes RI Nomor 51
fraud di springer, pubmed,
Elsevier
tahun 2016 ttg standar produk
suplementasi gizi
Upaya meningkatkan transparansi
dalam hasil penelitian

Semua penelitian harus di desain

faktual, transparan, hipotesis yang
jelas, tidak mendukung hasil
tertentu, konsultan penelitian,
perjanjian antara peneliti dan
funding bahwa tidak ada penipuan
dan penyimpangan hasil penelitian
dan mempublikasikan secara
terbuka dlm jurnal internasional
Penerjemahan temuan penelitian -
masalah etika lain yang bermasalah

Tidak ada indeks tunggal yang bisa mewakili

alasan ilmiah, nilai p tidak boleh dijelaskan
selektif, semua data yang relevan harus
dijabarkan, nilai p = probabilitas benar, tapi
hanya menguji hipotesis, nilai p signifikan atau
tidak tetap harus dijabarkan dengan
penjelasan
 The Burden of Nutrition

“
Diperkirakan sebanyak 150,8 juta anak (22,2%) di bawah usia lima
tahun terhambat pertumbuhannya (stunting/pendek), 50,5 juta anak
di bawah lima tahun kurus dan 20 juta bayi baru lahir diperkirakan
memiliki berat badan lahir rendah, sementara 38,3 juta anak di bawah
lima tahun kelebihan berat badan
Number of children affected by stunting
and overweight, 2000–2017
Global nutrition: targets, burden and
prevalence
Rata-rata penurunan jumlah balita stunting
sebanyak 2,3% setiap tahun, dipastikan di
Jika tren penurunan ini berlanjut, Tahun
2025 masih ada lebih dari 130 juta balita
stunting (tidak memenuhi target).
Nutrition-related NCD targets
Source: UNICEF global databases Infant and Young Child Feeding, UNICEF/WHO/World Bank
Group: Joint child malnutrition estimates, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, WHO Global Health
Observatory and Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.
Global prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30) among
adults aged 18 years and over, 2000–2016
Global prevalence of anaemia, overweight (including
obesity) and underweight in women, 2000–2016
Global Nutrition Targets 2025
Countries on course to meet global targets on nutrition
Percentage of countries with selected
nutrition targets, 2018
Berdasarkan Global Nutrition Report, Tahun 2018, dipastikan setiap negara
mengalami malnutrisi, ada yang hanya satu jenis malnutrisi, ada yang
ganda dan bahkan ada yang tiga/lebih masalah malnutrisi
‘Overlapping’ masalah gizi di
beberapa negara
Indonesia dan beberapa pada kelompok negara yang
mengalami overlapping masalah anemia dan stuning
Domestic spending:
Changes in total
nutrition specific
and sensitive
spending over 25
countries’ previous
two budget years
Nutrition investments by sector as a percentage
of total nutrition investments
 At the N4G Summit, countries made
four types of commitments :

• ‘Impact commitments’ on improving nutritional status

• ‘Financial commitments’ on the sources and amounts of
funding to nutrition
• ‘Policy commitments’ on policies to create a more enabling
environment for nutrition action
• ‘Programme commitments’ on programmes to improve
nutritional status.
Tracking progress against N4G commitments
by signatory group, 2018

Notes: In 2013, 205 commitments were made, but the 2014 Global Nutrition Report included only 173 because
businesses were not ready to report on all their commitments. There were 174 commitments in 2015 and 173 in
2014 because Ethiopia did not separate its N4G commitment into programme and policy components in its 2014
reporting, but did so in 2015. The total since 2016 (204) includes all commitments made; this differs from the total
made in 2013 because the Naandi Foundation was taken out of the reporting process. CSO: civil society organis
ation; N4G: Nutrition for Growth.
Five critical steps needed to
speed up progress

1. Break down silos between malnutrition in all its forms.

2. Prioritise and invest in the data needed and capacity to use it.
3. Scale up financing for nutrition – diversify and innovate to build on
past progres.
4. Galvanise action on healthy diets – engage across countries to
address this universal problem.
5. Make and deliver better commitments to end malnutrition in all its
forms – an ambitious, transformative approach will be required to
meet global nutrition targets.
Thank you
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