10-Teori Permainan
10-Teori Permainan
RISET OPERASI
TIM DOSEN RISET OPERASI
UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
SEPTEMBER 2013
1
BAB 10.
TEORI PERMAINAN
2
Teori Permainan
Oleh:
Rina Sugiarti
Komsi Koranti
Teori Permainan (GAME THEORY)
Pemain B
Pemain A
H T
(Pemain –1
H 1
baris)
T –1 1
Pemain B Row
1 2 3 4 Min
1 8 2 9 5 2
Pemain A 2 6 5 7 18 5 Maximin
3 7 3 –4 10 –4 Value
Colum Max 8 5 9 18
Minimax
Value
Two-Person Zero-Sum Game with Saddle Point
• 2 N game:
– Pemain A memiliki 2 strategi
– Pemain B memiliki N ( 2) strategi
B
y1 y2 … yn
x1 a11 a12 … a1n
A
x2 = 1 – x1 a21 a22 … a2n
2 N game
B
y1 y2 y3 y4
x1 2 2 3 –1
A
x2 4 3 2 6
2 N game
Strategi murni B Ekspektasi Payoff A
1 – 2x1 + 4
2 – x1 + 3
3 x1 + 2
4 –7 x1 + 6
5
Maximin
1
4
3
2
2
1
4
x1 = 0 x1 = 1
-1 x*1 =1/2
Solusi optimal untuk pemain A
– y2 + 3 = y2 + 2 B kalah = 5/2
– 2 y2 = – 1
y2* = 1/2 dan y3* = 1/2
Solusi optimal untuk pemain B
y3 + 2 = –7y3 + 6
Nilai Kerugian B = 5/2
8 y3 = 4
y3* = 1/2 dan y4* = 1/2
M 2 game
• M 2 game:
– Pemain A mempunyai M ( 2) strategi
– Pemain B mempunyai 2 strategi
B
y1 y2= 1 – y1
x1 a11 a12
A
x2 a21 a22
… … …
xm am1 am2
M 2 game
B
y1 y2
x1 2 4
A x2 3 2
x3 –2 6
M 2 game
6
Minimax
5
3
4
2
3
1
2
y1 = 1
1
1 – 2x1 + 4
3 – 8x1 +6
–2x1 + 4 = – 8x1 +6
6 x1 = 2 A menang = 10/3
K=5
B Row
1 2 3 Min
A 1 8 4 2 2
2 2 8 4 2
3 1 2 8 1
Column Max 8 8 8
Fungsi Tujuan
Maximize: w = Y1 + Y2 + Y3
B Row
1 2 3 Min
A 1 8 4 2 2
2 2 8 4 2
3 1 2 8 1
Column Max 8 8 8
Sesuai dengan : 8Y1 + 4Y2 + 2Y3 1
2Y1 + 8Y2 + 4Y3 1
1Y1 + 2Y2 + 8Y3 1
Y1, Y2,Y3 0
Sesuai dengan :
8Y1 + 4Y2 + 2Y3 1 8Y1 + 4Y2 + 2Y3 + S1 = 1
Y1, Y2,Y3 0
Fungsi Tujuan :
Maximize: w = Y1 + Y2 + Y3 + S1+S2+S3
Basic Y1 Y2 Y3 S1 S2 S3 Solution
w -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0
S1 8 4 2 1 0 0 1
S2 2 8 4 0 1 0 1
S3 1 2 8 0 0 1 1
Tabel Optimal (Akhir)
Basic Y1 Y2 Y3 S1 S2 S3 Solution
w 0 0 0 5/49 11/196 1/14 45/196
Y1 1 0 0 1/7 -1/14 0 1/14
Y2 0 1 0 -3/98 31/196 -1/14 11/96
Y3 0 0 1 -1/98 -3/98 1/7 5/49
Solusi optimal untuk B
• w = 45/196
• v* = 1/w – K = 196/45 – 225/45 = –29/45
• y1* = Y1/w = (1/14)/(45/196) = 14/45
• y2* = Y2/w = (11/196)/(45/196) = 11/45
• y3* = Y3/w = (5/49)/(45/196) = 20/45
Solusi untuk A
z = w = 45/196
X1 = 5/49
X2 = 11/196
X3 = 1/14
x1* = X1/z = (5/49)/(45/196) = 20/45
x2* = X2/z = (11/196)/(45/196) = 11/45
x3* = X3/z = (1/14)/(45/196) = 14/45
REFERENSI