PERANCANGAN

TAPAK
Dewi Fadilasari, ST., MT.
SATUAN ACARA PERKULIAHAN
MINGGU 2

Materi :
1. Proses perancangan tapak; elemen pembentuk tapak
2. Analisa Tapak (poin 1 – 6)
MINGGU 02
SITE AS ACTIVE NETWORK

“We should always remember

that
a site is never inert but is an
ongoing set of very active
networks that are intertwined
in complex relationships”
 ELEMEN PEMBENTUK TAPAK

INTI 1.Menghasilkan
PERANCANGA BLOK MASA
bangunan
N TAPAK
(kelompok ruang
dalam)
2.RUANG LUAR
 1. BLOK MASA BANGUNAN
BLOK MASA BANGUNAN terdiri dari KELOMPOK RUANG DALAM.

Elemen pembentuk blok masa bangunan :

1. BENTUK/ SELUBUNG BANGUNAN,
• LANTAI (lantai ruang luar dan lantai ruang dalam)
• DINDING (masif atau bukaan)
• ATAP (bentuk, warna, tekstur, bahan)
2. KULIT BANGUNAN
• Warna
• Tekstur
• Bahan
• dst
2. RUANG LUAR

A. LANTAI

 “BIDANG ALAS MEMPUNYAI PENGARUH BESAR DALAM

PEMBENTUKAN RUANG LUAR DAN FUNGSI-FUNGSI RUANG LUAR.”

Permukaan lantai/ alas dibedakan menjadi :

a. Bahan Keras : Batu, kerikil, pasir, beton, aspal, dll
b. Bahan Lunak : Rumput, tanah, dll
 2. RUANG LUAR
BIDANG ALAS DENGAN SIFAT BAHAN BERBEDA

Membentuk

KESAN RUANG YANG BERBEDA

Pengaruh perbedaan bahan digunakan untuk membedakan fungsi ruang

luar, atau untuk tujuan kesan yang berbeda.
PERBEDAAN TINGGI LANTAI juga membentuk kesan dan fungsi ruang
tertentu, dan menghindari kesan monoton
 2. RUANG LUAR
B. DINDING
Sebagai pembatas ruang luar yang dibedakan dengan :
a. Dinding Masif, sifatnya sangat KUAT dalam pembentukan ruang.
Ex : Permukaan tanah yang miring/ vertikal, pasangan bata/ beton

b. Dinding Transparan, sifatnya kurang kuat dalam pembentukan

ruang.
Ex : Pagar bambu, logam, kayu yang tidak rapat; pohon-pohon
dan semak-semak yang renggang

c. Dinding Semu, merupakan dinding yang dibentuk oleh perasaan

pengamat setelah mengamati suatu objek atau keadaan.
Ex : Garis batas air sungai, laut ataupun cakrawala.
DIAGRAMING SITE INFORMATION

We may graphically express our site information in

PLAN, SECTION, ELEVATION,
PERSPECTIVE.

FIRST we must have a REFERENT DRAWING

of the site to provide a context for the particular
site information we want to record. SECOND, we
must DIAGRAM the SITE FACT itself.

The referent drawing may BE A SIMPLE PLAN

of the site boundaries with bordering streets or A
SECTION through the siteshowing only theground
plane. We use these simple site drawings as
FRAMEWORKS for diagramming the particular
PROSES IDENTIFIKASI ISU
We should think about the
nature/ character
of the project, its needs,
requirements
and critical issues.
What is the essence of the project?
What is the building's reason for
being?
What are its major goals and
objectives?
What roles can the building play in
enhancing the site and its
surroundings?
PROSES IDENTIFIKASI ISU

Site analysis SHOULD NEVER BE

DONE AT
"LONG RANGE.“
We should always see the site first
hand, walk or drive the contours and
boundaries, see the views and on site
amenities, listen to the sounds and
personally assimilate the scale and
pulse of the neighborhood.
SITE ANALYSIS
1. LOCATION
2. NEIGHBORHOOD
7. CIRCULATION
CONTEXT 8. UTILITIES
3. SIZE AND 9. SENSORY
ZONING 10.HUMAN AND
4. LEGAL CULTURAL
5. NATURAL 11.CLIMATE
PHYSICAL
FEATURE
6. MAN-MADE
 LOCATION

Lokasi menunjukan denah/ peta/ situasi pada site.

Termasuk di dalamnya :
PETA NEGARA BAGIAN dan PETA KOTA yang
menunjukan lokasi site.
Peta kota juga MENUNJUKAN JARAK dan WAKTU
TEMPUH ke fungsi lain yang ada di dalam kota.
 LOCATION
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 Location of the city in the state including

relationship to roads, cities, etc.
ST

 Location of the site neighborhood in the

city.
 Location of the site in the neighborhood.
 Distancesand travel times between the
site and locations of other related
functions in the city.
 NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT
• Menampilkan keadaan SEKITAR
SITE, sekitar 3 – 4 blok dari site.
• Skala nya dapat DIPERBESAR
tergantung dari BESARAN
PROJECT atau faktor penting
lainnya
• EXISTING
Peta menunjukan kondisi
atau kondisi PROYEKSI
KEDEPANNYA, bangunan, zoning
atau kondisi lainnya yang
BERPENGARUH pada site kita
 NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT
 Map of the neighborhood
indicating existing and
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projected property zoning.
 Existing and projected
building uses in the
neighborhood.
 Age or condition of the
ST
neighborhood buildings.
 Present and future uses of
exterior spaces in the
neighborhood.
 Any strong vehicular or
pedestrian traffic generating
functions in the
neighborhood.
 Existing and projected
 Solid-void space relationships.
 Street lighting patterns.
 Architectural patterns such as roof
forms, fenestration, materials, color,
landscaping, formal porosity,
relationship to street, car storage
strategies, building height, sculptural
vigor, etc.
 Neighborhood classifications that
might place special restrictions or
responsibilities on our design work
such as "historic district.“
 Nearby buildings of particular value or
significance.
 Fragile images or situations that
should be preserved.
 Sun and shade patterns at different
 SIZE AND ZONING
• Mendokumentasikan seluruh aspek
BATASAN,
dimensi termasuk
LOKASI, DIMENSI
EASEMENT, dan KLASIFIKASI
ZONING saat ini beserta implikasi
dimensinya, AREA yang dapat
DIBANGUN.
• PROYEKSI
Memiliki data dimensi
PELEBARAN JALAN di kemudian
hari, serta trend lain yang mungkin
 SIZE AND ZONING
 Dimensions of the boundaries of
 The number of parking spaces
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our site.
required (if we know the building
 Dimensions of the street rights
area).
of way around our site.  Any conflicts between what the
 Location and dimensions of
present zoning classification allows
easements.
ST
and the functions we are planning
 Present site zoning classification.
for the site.
 Front, back and side yard
 Zoning classifications that the site
setbacks requiied by zoning
would need to be changed to in
classification.
order to accommodate all the
 Square feet of buildable area
planned functions.
inside setbacks (should also  Any projected changes that would
subtract easements).
alter the dimensional characteristics
 Building height restrictions
of the site such as street widenings
required by zoning classification.
or purchase of additional property.
 LEGAL

DESKRIPSI LEGAL dari properti,

Kategori ini menampilkan
PERJANJIAN dan PEMBATASAN, kepemilikan saat ini, wewenang
pemerintah saat ini.
 LEGAL
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 Legal description of the property.
 Covenants and restrictions (site area usage allowed, height
restrictions, screening of mechanical equipment or service
yards, restrictionson rooftopelements, architectural character,
ST

design requirements in historic districts, etc.).

 Name of the property owner.
 Name of the governmental levels or agencies which have
jurisdiction over the property.
 Any projected or potential changes in any of the above
categories.
 NATURAL PHYSICAL FEATURE

KONTUR, POLA DRAINASE, TIPE TANAH, DAYA

Termasuk
DUKUNG TANAH, PEPOHONAN, BEBATUAN,
PEGUNUNGAN/ BUKIT, KETINGGIAN, LEMBAH,
KOLAM, BALONG/ GENANGAN
 NATURAL PHYSICAL FEATURE
 Topographic contours.
 Major topographic features such as
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high points, low points, ridges and
valleys, slopes and flat areas.
 Drainage patterns on the site
including directions of
surfacedrainage (perpendicular to
contours), major and minor arteries of
ST
water collection (ditches, arroyos,
riverbeds, creeks, etc.), major
drainage patterns onto the site from
adjacent property and from the site
onto adjacent property and any
neighborhood water-related patterns
such as viaduct systems or storm
sewers.
 The number of parking spaces
required (if we know the building
 Zoning classifications that the site would
need to be changed to in order to
accommodate all the planned functions.
 Any projected changes that would alter
the dimensional characteristics of the
site such as street widenings or purchase
of additional property.
 Existing natural features on the site and
their value in terms of preservation and
reinforcement versus alteration or
removal. This would also include opinions
regarding permanency in terms of
difficulty or expense to remove features.
On site features might include trees (type
and size), ground cover, rock
outcroppings, ground surface texture,
holes or ditches, mounds, on site water
(pools, ponds, lakes, rivers) and stable or
unstable areas of the site (site scars
 MAN MADE FEATURE
• Kondisi pada site yang merupakan
buatan manusia, seperti
BANGUNAN, DINDING,
TROTOAR, HIDRANT,
TIANG LISTRIK, POLA
PAVING.
• Fitur diluar site meliputi,
KARAKTERISTIK dari
pembangunan di sekitar site, seperti
skala, bentuk atap, fasad, material,
 MAN MADE FEATURE
 Size, shape, height and location of
any on site buildings. If these are to
CHECKLI
remain; the exterior character and
interior layout should also be
documented. If the buildings are to
be part of our project, we must do a
detailed building analysis of each
facility.
ST
 Location and type of walls, retaining
walls, ramadas or fences.
 Location, size and character of
exterior playfields, courts, patios,
plazas, drives, walks or service
areas.
 Where it may be important to our
design we should record the paving
patterns of man-made surfaces.
 Location and size of curb cuts, power
 Off site man-made features may
include any of the on site items listed
above and/or may involve a detailed
analysis of the existing architectural
character surrounding our site. This is
particularly important where the
architectural character will be a factor in
the design of our facility (historic
district, etc.). Some factors to consider
in analyzing surrounding architectural
character include scale, proportion, roof
forms, window and door patterns,
setbacks, materials, colors, textures,
open space versus built space, visual
axes, landscaping materials and
patterns, paving textures and patterns,
porosity (extent of openness) and
assertiveness (ins and outs) of wall