Henry K.S.,M.Si.Apt,
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Jadwal Kuliah
Minggu Bahan kajian
I
Validasi metode analisis
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Analisis Sediaan Farmasi
Analisis = ?????
Sediaan Farmasi = ????
C – GMP........ Perlu adanya Validasi
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Validation
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The Validation Process
Hardware Method
Validation
Validation
System
Software Suitability
Validation (4M)
• Man
• Machine
• Material
• Method
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Qualification
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What is not Analytical Method Validation?
• Calibration
The Process of Performing Tests on Individual
System Components to Ensure Proper function
• System Suitability
Test to verify the proper functioning of the operating
system, i.e., the electronics, the equipment, the
specimens and the analytical operations.
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HPLC Detector calibration
• Wavelength Accuracy
• Linear Range
• Noise Level
• Drift
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Typical System Suitability Test
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Method Life Cycle
Validation
Development Optimization
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Verification vs. Validation
– Non-compendial methods-Validation
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Today’s Validation Requirements
ICH/USP
GMPs
(legal) FDA
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GMP Validation Parameters
• Accuracy
• Specificity
• Sensitivity
• Reproducibility
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FDA Validation Parameters
• Accuracy
• Precision
• Linearity
(& Range)
• Specificity
(& Determination Limit)
• Recovery
• Ruggedness
ICH
USP International Conference on Harmonization
Specificity • Specificity
Linearity and Range • Linearity
Accuracy • Range
Precision • Accuracy
Limit of Detection • Precision
Limit of Quantitation – Repeatability
Ruggedness – Intermediate
Robustness Precision
– Reproducibility
• Limit of Detection
• Limit of Quantitation 23
USP Data Elements Required For Assay
Validation
Assay Category 2
Analytical
Assay Assay
Performance Category 1 Category 3
Parameter Quantitative Limit Tests
active ingredients
• Category 2: Determination of impurities or
degradation products
• Category 3: Determination of performance
characteristics
• Category 4: Identification test
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ICH Validation Characteristics vs. Type of
Analytical Procedure
Impurity testing
Type of
Analytical Identification Assay
Procedure Quantitative Limit Tests
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Method Validation for USP
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2. Terhadap MA yang dibuat dari
modifikasi metode resmi (standard
yang telah dipublikasi secara
internasional, regional atau nasional;
jurnal ilmiah yang relevan)
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TUJUAN
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Accuracy vs precision
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Accuracy vs precision
What you
would
like
to see!
Accuracy vs precision
• Poor accuracy
• Good precision
Accuracy vs precision
• Poor precision
• Good accuracy
Accuracy vs precision
What would you
call this?
• Totally hopeless!
• Poor precision
• Poor accuracy
So what definitions do these
concepts lead us to in the
context of assay validation?
ACCURACY (1)
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Analytical Method Development
• Accuracy: Application of the method to synthetic mixtures of the
drug product components to which known quantities of the
analyte have been added
• Recovery reduced
by ~10 – 15%
From: Analytical Method Validation and Instrument Performance Verification, Edited by Chung Chow Chan,Herman Lam,
Y.C. Lee and Xue-Ming Zhang, ISBN 0-471-25953-5, Wiley & Sons
Recommended Data
• Taken from:
ASEAN Operational Manual for
Implementation of GMP ed. 2000 p.405
• Nine solutions containing different
concentrations of ketotifen fumarate
reference standard added to ketotifen
tablet batch no. 2506VAMG were
assayed
Example (continued):
Conc. of ketotifen fumarate Area Recovery Acceptance
mg/ml % detected (%) Criteria
• Taken from:
ASEAN Operational Manual for
Implementation of GMP ed. 2000 p.403
• The active ingredient, ketotifen
fumarate,
in tablets (batch no. 2506VAMG) was
assayed seven times using HPLC and
the reference standard
Example (continued)
Sample no. Concentration (mg/ml) Area detected
1 0.4 1902803
2 0.4 1928083
3 0.4 1911457
4 0.4 1915897
5 0.4 1913312
6 0.4 1897702
7 0.4 1907019
Mean : 1910896
Standard deviation : 9841.78
Relative standard deviation (RSD) : 0.515 %
Acceptance criteria:
Relative standard deviation (RSD): not more than 2 %
Kriteria
Secara umum:
- RSD < 1.0 % (Bahan baku obat)
- RSD < 2.0 % (Sediaan obat)
- RSD < 5.0 % (Cemaran/impurity)
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Precision
Table 1: Acceptable Recovery Percentages
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Specificity: Impurities Assay
• Chromatographic Methods
– Demonstrate Resolution
• Impurities/Degradants Available
– Spike with impurities/degradants
– Show resolution and a lack of interference
• Impurities/Degradants Not Available
– Stress Samples
– For assay, Stressed and Unstressed Samples should be
compared.
– For impurity test, impurity profiles should be compared.
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Forced Degradation Studies
• Temperature (50-60℃)
• Humidity (70-80%)
• Acid Hydrolysis (0.1 N HCl)
• Base Hydrolysis (0.1 N NaOH)
• Oxidation (3-30%)
• Light (UV/Vis)
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Bgm menentukan selektifitas?
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Examples of pure and impure HPLC peaks
• Ability of an assay
to elicit a direct and
proportional
response to
changes in analyte
concentration.
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Linearity Should be Evaluated
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Method Validation- Linearity
Cara penetapan
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RANGE
Is it there?
Quantitation limit
How much of it is present???
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Analytical Method Development
LOQ
LOD
Signal to Noise = 3:1
Noise
• Berdasarkan kurva kalibrasi analit
Menurut Miller:
Sy/ x i
( y ˆ
y ) 2
/ N 2
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RUGGEDNESS
Definisi :
Derajat reprodusibilitas hasil uji dari sampel yang
sama di bawah kondisi normal, dengan
parameter penetapan berbeda, seperti lab,
analis, alat, lot pereaksi, hari, waktu & suhu
penetapan yang berbeda. Jadi merupakan
ukuran reprodusibilitas hasil uji di bawah
kondisi normal dari lab ke lab dan dari analis
ke analis
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Cara penetapan
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Robustness
Small changes do not affect
the parameters of the
assay
ROBUSTNESS
Definisi :
Ukuran kemampuan MA untuk tidak
terpengaruh oleh perubahan / variasi
kecil dari parameter MA yang sengaja
dibuat dan memberikan indikasi
kehandalan dalam penggunaan normal
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Cara penetapan
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Contoh variasi parameter MA yang umum:
• Stabilitas larutan sampel
• Waktu / lamanya ekstraksi
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