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Journal
Identity 01 TITLE
Acute emotional stress as a trigger for intraocular
pressure elevation in Glaucoma
02 AUTHORS
Kevin Gillmann, Kirsten Hoskens and Kaweh Mansouri
03 PUBLISHER
BMC Ophthalmology
04 TAHUN TERBIT
2019.
Abstrak
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Latar Belakang: Aktivasi sistem saraf simpatik yang diinduksi oleh stres
menyebabkan serangkaian reaksi metabolik. Stres emosional adalah bentuk stres
yang lebih spesifik di mana stresor merupakan respons psikologis terhadap situasi
yang secara subyektif dianggap traumatis. Hormon stres dapat memiliki berbagai
efek pada tubuh, namun, masih belum jelas apakah dan bagaimana hal itu dapat
mempengaruhi fisiologi mata.
Presentasi kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 78 tahun, tipe A kepribadian, dengan
riwayat pseudo-eksfoliatif glaukoma disajikan dengan peningkatan asimetris akut
dalam tekanan intraokular (TIO) segera setelah gangguan keluarga. TIO-nya
sebelumnya tetap stabil setelah sklerektomi mendalam di mata kanan dan shunt EX-
PRESS di mata kiri. Pemeriksaannya sepenuhnya normal jika tidak, dengan filtrasi
paten dan bleb difus yang dikonfirmasi dengan pencitraan OCT segmen anterior.
Hampir normalisasi TIO-nya diamati dalam 24 jam, bersamaan dengan penurunan
tingkat stresnya. Tidak ada penyebab lain untuk episode hipertensi akut sementara
yang ditemukan.
Kesimpulan: stres emosional akut dapat sangat mempengaruhi TIO pada pasien
yang menderita glaukoma. Tipe kepribadian, dan konteks emosional dan sosial
adalah lebih banyak faktor untuk dipertimbangkan dalam studi glaukoma.
Pengamatan didasarkan pada laporan kasus tunggal dan perlu diverifikasi pada skala
yang lebih besar.
Latar Belakang
Latar Belakang
↑ tekanan darah
STRESS
↑cortisol
EMOSIONAL
gg.
hoemeostasis
Laporan Kasus
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Laporan Wanita 78 tahun. Etnis hispanik dengan pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) dan
exudate age-related macular degenartion (AMD) pada checkup rutin di klinik
• Riwayat operasi Ex-PRESS glaucoma akut dan katarak pada mata kiri adalah
12 tahun lalu.
• Riwayat operasi combined deep scleretomy dan katarak pada mata kanan 11
tahun lalu. YAG laser 2 terapi 2 tahun paska operasi.
• IOP mata kanan stabil (14-19 mmHg) dan mata kiri 16-21 mmHg.
• Mata kiri mendapatkan teraoi latanoprost dan timolol 0.1%
• AMD pada pasien stabil setela mendapatkan terapi ranibizumab 3 seies
injeksi intravitreal pada mata kiri 4 bulan sebelumnya.
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Laporan • Pasien datang tanpa keluhan, tanpa nyeri maupun ketidaknyamanan pada
mata. BCVA mata kanan 10/10 dan mata kiri 7/10
Laporan • Pemeriksaan fundus, lapang pandang dan OCT didapatkan stabil dengan
ekstensif drusens pada kedua mata. Tidak ada rekuren macula edel,
Kasus vaskulatur retina normal, cup/disc ratio 0.6(kanan) dan 0.7 (kiri) dengan
diameter papil 1.4mm,
• Pada anamnesis didapatkan kepatuhan terhadap terapi yang dijalani dan
tidak ada trauma. Akan tetapi pasien mengalami severe emotional stress
karena masalah keluarga. Pasien memiliki kepribadian tipe A
• Pasien diberikan terapi kombinasi timolol topical dan dorzolamide dan
brimonidine 2kali perhari pada mata kiri dan acetazolamide 500mg/hari p.o
untuk menormalkan IOP dan mempertahankan serabut saraf
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Dekompensasi presisten
Mekanisme kompleks
sklerektomi dalam
non penetrasi
implantasi shunt Ex-
dilanjutkan dengan
PRESS
laser goniopunic-
ture Nd:YAG
menghubungkan
COA dan spatium CDR 0.7
subkonjungtiva
Pada kasus ini terdapat respon asimeteri perbedaan IOP yang sangat jauh pada
mata kiri dibandingkan mata kanan.
Stress Emosional
• Berhubungan
Anti VEGF Méndez-Ulrich et al dan Ismail et al dengan kerusakan
menurunkan kadar PGI2 “tingkat anksietas mempengaruhi akson pd n. II
potensiasi kortisol tingginya IOP dipengaruhi o/kadar • Jumlah material
meningkatkan IOP melantonin” pseudo-exfoliative
(PEX) pada canal
Schlemm
Pengaruh Anksietas terhadap IOP
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Latar Wanita 78 tahun. Etnis hispanik dengan pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) dan
exudate age-related macular degenartion (AMD) pada checkup rutin di klinik
• Riwayat operasi Ex-PRESS glaucoma akut dan katarak pada mata kiri adalah
12 tahun lalu.
• Riwayat operasi combined deep scleretomy dan katarak pada mata kanan 11
tahun lalu. YAG laser 2 terapi 2 tahun paska operasi.
• IOP mata kanan stabil (14-19 mmHg) dan mata kiri 16-21 mmHg.
• Mata kiri mendapatkan teraoi latanoprost dan timolol 0.1%
• AMD pada pasien stabil setela mendapatkan terapi ranibizumab 3 seies
injeksi intravitreal pada mata kiri 4 bulan sebelumnya.
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