05.0 Environmental Assessment Tools Tranlate by Fa
05.0 Environmental Assessment Tools Tranlate by Fa
Environmental Assessment
Tools
5.1 Life Cycle Analysis
5.2 Eco Design
5.3 Mass Flow Analysis
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.1 Life Cycle Analysis
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Siklus Hidup Kapas
harvest transport
Cotton seed
(by product)
pesticides
Ginning and
spinning Weaving
and
Saling Terkait satu dying
irrigation sama lain
Washing
Final waste drying detergents
5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.1 Life Cycle Analysis
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.1 Life Cycle Analysis
Mesin A B
Dampak yang ditimbulkan selama konstruksi 210 185
(Ecopoints)
Dampak dari bahan kimia, penggunaan energi, 20 24
pemeliharaan (Ecopoints/year)
Dampak pembuangannya
Life Cycle of Product Systems (Source: setelah digunakan 6 4
USEPA, 2006. Life Cycle Assessment:
(Ecopoints.)
Principles and Practice, Cincinnati, Ohio
report no. 45268
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.1 Life Cycle Analysis
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.1 Life Cycle Analysis
“Compare
environmental
? impacts of
= packaging of 1000
litres milk in carton
packages or glass
bottles”
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.1 Life Cycle Analysis
recycling Cd to water 5g
PAH to 8 kg
water
Etc. …….
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.1 Life Cycle Analysis
Category indicators are quantifiable representations of impact categories (ISO) and are
defined according standards, such as CML-IA, Eco indicator 99, Impact 2002+ etc.)
Intervention Effect Damage
CO2 Greenhouse effect
P Eutrophication
Damage to
SO2
Acidification Eco-systems
NOx
Pesticides
DDT Indicator
Dust Winter smog
Carconogenics
PAH
CFC Ozone layer depl.
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.2 Eco-design
5.2 Eco-Design
Life Cycle Thinking within the Design of
Products and Processes
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.2 Eco-design
Contents
• What is Eco-Design?
• Implications for the Design Process.
• Consequences for Composition and Amount of Solid
Waste.
• Related Concepts: Design for Environment, Sustainable
Product Design.
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.2 Eco-design
What is Eco-Design?
Eco-design merupakan suatu instrumen
prosedural untuk pembuatan keputusan
lingkungan, yang secara khusus mengarah
kepada disain dari produk dan proses.
Eco-design ditujukan untuk memperbaiki kinerja
lingkungan dan bisnis didalam pengembangan
produk dan proses. Eco-design
menggabungkan pemikiran siklus hidup
didalam mengidentifikasi kemungkinan-
kemungkinan perbaikan lingkungan.
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.2 Eco-design
What is Eco-Design?
Eco-design juga merupakan aplikasi logis dari eco-efficiency.
eco-efficiency didefinisikan sebagai kinerja fungsional dari
produk-produk pada siklus hidup yang dibagi kedalam
dampak-dampak lingkungan dari produk pada siklus
hidupnya.
Penurunan dampak lingkungan melalui efisiensi sumberdaya
dan penurunan tingkat penggunaan zat-zat berbahaya akan
menghasilkan rasio eco-efisiensi yang lebih baik. Aspek-
aspek penting dari eco-design yang berhubungan dengan
masalah sampah antara lain intensitas material yang
rendah, produk dengan penggunaan energi yang rendah
dan penggunaan bahan dengan dampak yang rendah.
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.2 Eco-design
Studi kasus/Latihan: Cangkir Keramik ataukah Mug dari Kertas?
(Kementrian Lingkungkan Hidup Indonesia) Manakah yang lebih ramah
lingkungan, cangkir berbahan keramik ataukah mug berbahan styrofoam?
Untuk menemukan jawabannya, maka penelitian harus mengukur siklus hidup
cangkir keramik tersebut, yaitu dari proses produksinya yang berupa pemrosesan
bahan mentah hingga tidak terpakai lagi dan dibuang ke tempat sampah. Dalam
hal ini diperlukan penghitungan konsumsi bahan mentah, penggunaan energi
(untuk pengolahan, transportasi dan pembersihan), output bahan-bahan
berbahaya ke air dan udara serta volume kotoran yang dihasilkan.
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.2 Eco-design
Problem Idea
Decision
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.2 Eco-design
Availability of
information on
the product
Freedom to
change the
design
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.2 Eco-design
DfE…
• focuses on existing products and processes that fulfil
a specific function (function-oriented systems)
• expands the design scope towards environmental and
social implications of products and processes
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.2 Eco-design
Examples:
• Alternative Function Fulfilment (changes the way in
which a specific function or need is fulfilled)
• System innovation (redesigning of product production
systems, creating ‘closed-loop’ economies etc.)
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.3 Material Flow Analysis
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.3 Material Flow Analysis
MFA
• suatu instrumen pengukuran yang menggabungkan
aspek-aspek sumberdaya dan polusi dari masalah-
masalah lingkungan didalam perekonomian kita. Material
Flow Analysis (MFA
• MFA adalah suatu pengukuran sistematis dari aliran-
aliran bahan di suatu kawasan.
• Ada dua jenis MFA yaitu bulk-MFA atau b-MFA yang
difokuskan kepada aliran bahan (misalnya bahan-bahan
bangunan, produk sampah elektronik) dan yang kedua
adalah Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) yang bertujuan
untuk menganalisis aliran zat tunggal atau kelompok zat
(seperti logam berat, nitrogen organik).
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.3 Material Flow Analysis
Throughput Hazard
Throughput Hazard
potential
potential
Quantity- Quality-
aspect aspect
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.3 Material Flow Analysis
Environment: Environment:
resource base resource base
Environment: Environment:
Pollution
resource base waste sink
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.3 Material Flow Analysis
Pro
ce sse
s with
Systematic analysis of regional
sub
sys
tem
material flows andin
Eco ‘air’
stocks no m
y-E
nvir
o nme
nt B
o un
• Systematic description of d ar y
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5 – Environmental Assessment Tools 5.3 Material Flow Analysis
2 Quantification of flows
and stocks
3 Interpretation
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2
Quantification of stocks and flows:
Calculate mass flows of goods that enter and leave
processes (measurements or applying mass balance)
Calculate substance flows within these flows (multiplying
mass flows of goods with element concentrations)
Calculate stocks: is there any type of accumulation
occuring?
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