S Y U K R I A N T I S Y A H D A , S S T , M . KE S
Sejarah
Masalah-masalah fisik,
psikoekonomi, dan sosial usia
lanjut
Indonesia 414
C o lo mb ia 349
Kenya 347
S ing ap o re 340
Thailanda 337
C o s t a R ica 327
321
Lib eria 303
295
M exico 290
279
Zimb ab we 271
257
B razil 255
254
M o ro cco 250
247
Ind ia 242
242
S ri Lanka 238
238
C hina 220
219
M alawi 194
146
C anad a 141
137
C ub a 130
129
J amaica 126
121
Is rael 120 Projected percentage increase
101
New Zealand 100 in the elderly population, 1990-2025
97
Luxemb urg 96
82
Greece 66
66
F rance 65
63
Developing country
Hung ary 63
59
B elg ium 54 Developed country
50
Denmark 47
45
No rway 40
35
(Kinsella K & Taeuber, 1993)
S wed en 33
Usia kronologis
Kematangan mental
RUTINITAS LANSIA DI Indonesia
Fisik (jasmani)
Mental (jiwa)
Sosial dan lingkungan
Iatrogenik (salah
obat/rawat)
FISIK
FUNGSIONAL
SOSIO -
PSIKO EKONOMIK
- LOGIK
Immobility
Instability
Incontinence
Intellectual impairment ---
DEMENSIA
Infection --- PNEUMONIA
Impairment of hearing & vision
Isolation (depression)
Lanjutan sindrom geriatri
Inanition (malnutrition)
Impecunity
Iatrogenic
Insomnia
Immune deficiency
Impotence
Irritable colon
Imobilisasi
Ulkus Dekubitus
INSTABILITAS -- JATUH
Malnutrisi
Depresi
Demensia
Perubahan komposisi tubuh & fisik usia lanjut
Masalah medis
Immobility inanition
instability Iritabel colon
intellectual impairment immune deficience
insomnia infection
Isolation / depression impairment of vision & hearing
Impotence Iatrogenic
incontinence impecunity
Gaya hidup
Sel menjadi
GENETIK Mengkerut
Jaringan menjadi
Rusak
LINGKUNGAN
Organ tubuh
Menjadi tua
Menua
Proses normal
Dewasa sehat “frail”
Cadangan sistem fisiologis berkurang
Menurun kemampuan usila berespon
terhadap stres
Rentan terhadap penyakit
INTERNAL FACTORS
GENETIC
BIOLOGICAL
NORMAL
AGING
EXTERNAL FACTORS
ENVIRONMENT LIFE STYLE
SOCIOCULTURAL
ECONOMIC
Boedhi Darmojo (modified)
Teori Radikal Bebas
Aging by program
Teori gen & mutasi gen
Cross-linkage theory
Teori autoimun, dll
ORGAN PERUBAHAN
Paru-paru Daya pegas dinding dada menurun
Kekuatan otot pernapasan menurun
Kekakuan iga meningkat
Daya pegas jaringan elastik paru menurun
Paru-paru lebih mengembang, namun kaku
Tulang, sendi, otot Keropos, cairan <, massa otot <, cairan sendi <,
tulang rawan mulai rusak
Implikasi Klinik Proses Menua
ADULT BRAIN
AGING BRAIN
Patient’s Condition during the Final Days
and Hours
Fatique
Anorexia
Dehydration
Dysphagia
“Death rattle”-noisy breathing
Apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration,dyspnea
Urynari or fecal incontinence
Agitation or delirium
Dry mucosal membrane
Cardinal sign of death