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Bahagian-Bahagian PLC
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Bahagian Masukan (Input Module)
• Peranti masukan/luaran seperti suis,
pengesan dan sebagainya akan disambung
ke bahagian masukan dengan menggunakan
wayar.
• Litar antaramuka masukan diperlukan untuk
mengasingkan litar dalaman PLC dengan litar
luaran,kemudian bahagian ini akan
menghantar isyarat tersebut ke bahagian
UPP/CPU untuk di proses dan dianalisa.
• Ia menjaga keselamatan litar dalaman PLC
daripada voltan luar. 6
Bahagian Unit Kawalan Pusat/ Central
Processing Unit (CPU)
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Bahagian Ingatan (Memory)
• Terdapat berbagai-bagai jenis unit memory. Ia
adalah tempat menyimpan data-data sistem
dan ingatan sementara yang dimasukan
didalam PLC.
• “Ladder Diagram, Timer dan Counter” disimpan
didalam ingatan sementara ini.
• Diantara memori unit yang digunakan di dalam
PLC adalah seperti Read Only Memory (ROM),
Random Access Memory (RAM), Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM),
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only
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Memory (EEPROM).
Bahagian Keluaran (Output Module)
• Bahagian ini adalah untuk mengeluarkan/ menghantar
keputusan iaitu isyarat yang diproses oleh UPP/CPU
kepada peranti diluar PLC seperti geganti, lampu dan
sebagainya.
• Litar antaramuka keluaran adalah untuk mengendali
isyarat dari UPP ke beban keluaran,
• Fungsinya adalah :-
i. melaraskan voltan logik ke voltan kawalan.
ii. Melindungi komponen elektronik yang sensitif dari voltan
tidak menentu di
dalam pengawal
iii. Pembesaran kuasa
iv. Pelindungan litar pintas dan lebihan beban 9
PERANTI INPUT
Push botton
Switch
Procimity Sensor
PERANTI INPUT
Pushbuttons, toggle
switches, limit switches,
proximity switches, and
contact closures are
examples of discrete
sensors.
In the ON condition a
discrete input may be
referred to as a logic 1 or a
logic high.
In the OFF condition a
discrete input may be
referred to as a logic 0 or a
logic low.
PERANTI INPUT
Motor
Buzzer
Solenoid
PERANTI OUTPUT
A discrete output is an output that is either in an ON or
OFF condition. Solenoids, contactor coils, and lamps are
examples of actuator devices connected to discrete
outputs. Discrete outputs may also be referred to as
digital outputs. In the following example, a lamp can be
turned on or off by the PLC output it is connected to.
•Power On
•Run Mode
•Programming Mode
•Fault
Areas of Application
Manufacturing / Machining
Food / Beverage
Metals
Power
Mining
Petrochemical / Chemical
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PLC Origin
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Historical Background
• The controller had to be designed in modular form, so that
sub-assemblies could be removed easily for replacement or
repair.
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Programmable Controller Development
1968 Programmable concept developed
1969 Hardware CPU controller, with logic
instructions, 1 K of memory and 128 I/O
points
1974 Use of several (multi) processors within a
PLC - timers and counters; arithmetic
operations; 12 K of memory
and 1024 I/O points
1976 Remote input/output systems introduced
1977 Microprocessors - based PLC introduced
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Programmable Controller Development
1980 Intelligent I/O modules developed
Enhanced communications facilities
Enhanced software features
(e.g. documentation)
Use of personal microcomputers as
programming aids
1983 Low - cost small PLC’s introduced
1985 on Networking of all levels of PLC, computer
and machine using SCADA software.
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Leading Brands Of PLC
AMERICAN 1. Allen Bradley
2. Gould Modicon
3. Texas Instruments
4. General Electric
5. Westinghouse
6. Cutter Hammer
7. Square D
EUROPEAN 1. Siemens
2. Klockner & Mouller
3. Festo
4. Telemechanique
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Leading Brands Of PLC
JAPANESE 1. Toshiba
2. Omron
3. Fanuc
4. Mitsubishi
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PLC Size
1. SMALL - it covers units with up to 128 I/O’s and
memories up to 2 Kbytes.
- these PLC’s are capable of providing
simple to advance levels or machine
controls.
2. MEDIUM - have up to 2048 I/O’s and memories up
to 32 Kbytes.
3. LARGE - the most sophisticated units of the PLC
family. They have up to 8192 I/O’s and
memories up to 750 Kbytes.
- can control individual production
processes or entire plant.
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PLC Communications
Serial Communications
Common Standards
RS 232
9600 baud.
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PLC Communications
Local Area Network (LAN)
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